Section 2 : The Movement Gains Ground The Sit –in Movement SNCC – Student Non Violent Coordinating Committee organized by students played key role.

Section 2 : The Movement Gains Ground The Sit –in Movement

SNCC – Student Non Violent Coordinating Committee organized by students played key role in desegregating public

facilities in South registered African Americans to vote in Deep

South

Greensboro, N.C. – Woolworth’s Dept. Store 1st sit-in

Sit-in movement brought large numbers of idealistic, energized college students into the civil rights movement

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OT9gILdTaWo

Civil Rights Act of 1957

SCLC began campaign to register 2 million new African American voters primarily in the South

Protect voting rights of African-Americans

Fanny Lou Hammer – African American sharecropper beaten, sent to jail, evicted from her farm – all for registering to vote, urging others to register to vote.

Pg. 479???

The Freedom-Riders

Eugene “Bull” Connor – Birmingham , Alabama public official, did not protect civil rights protesters from being beaten.. (Mother’s Day)

Freedom Riders – groups of white/African American college student volunteers took a 2 bus trips from Wash. D.C. to New Orleans to protest, used “white “ restrooms in

bus stations sat in the front of the bus

Bus travel in South was still segregated although courts had outlawed segregation. ( Boynton vs. Virginia, 1960 )

Kennedy’s Response

Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) - tightened laws against segregated bus terminals.

Forbids federal government from discriminating against African-Americans in hiring & promotions.

African-American Air Force veteran applied to Univ. of Mississippi (Ole Miss)

James Meredith -

Attended classes under eye of federal soldiers until graduation

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Medgar Evers – African American activist from Mississippi murdered.

George Wallace – governor of Alabama,

blocked entrance to Univ. of Alabama from 2 African American students entering.

Violence in Birmingham Spring -

1963

MLK stages protests in Birmingham AL.

MLK decides that more demonstrations are needed to get Pres. Kennedy to become more active in supporting civil rights.

King gets arrested, - writes Letter from Birmingham while in jail

King released, protests started up again. Bull Connor responds with force, used dogs. High pressure hoses and clubs on protesters.

“Bull” Connor was now running for mayor.

March on Washington

Gathered at Lincoln Memorial to hear MLK give “ I Have a Dream” speech.

200,000 people demonstrate for civil rights in Wash. D.C. in Aug. , 1963.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=smEqnnklfYs

16th Avenue Baptist Church bombings.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-MuWDsv5pg

Bill Becomes Law

Some Southern Congressional members tried to block passage of bill through filibustering.

Filibuster – lawmakers give long speeches to hold up legislative business.

Cloture- Congress caucuses to break filibuster

John Kennedy is assassinated. President Johnson and some

members of Congress trying to get civil rights passed.

Sen. Strom Thurmond - Spoke for 24 hrs. 18 mins.

Bill Becomes Law

Lyndon Johnson becomes president, is able to convince Congress to pass Civil Rights Bill of 1964

Civil Rights Bill of 1964 – broad powers given to federal government to prevent racial discrimination. :

Equal access to all public facilities. Established EEOC

Segregation illegal in most places of public accommodations.

Gave U.S. attorney general more power to bring lawsuits to force school desegregation, and charges of job discrimination

Required private employers to end discrimination in workplace.