SEAC4RS Payload Payload Synergies Synergies. Complementarity between aircraft can be considered to fall into three categories. Each has considerations.

SEAC4RS SEAC4RS

Payload Payload

SynergiesSynergies

Complementarity between aircraft can be considered to fall into three categories. Each has considerations for flight planning:

Direct connections – multiple observations of the same parameter; requires comparison; allows aircraft to operate independently (if necessary)

Indirect connections – observing the same phenomenon but from a different perspective; combining these perspectives yields new insight; requires the aircraft to fly in close coordination

Unique measurements – may feed indirect connections; may enable science only possible with a single aircraft.

Table of measurements with all direct connections highlighted.

Need for comparison between all aircraft is evident.

DC-8 vs. GV is critical

DC-8 or GV vs. ER-2 should be sufficient.

N2O is unique to DC-8 and ER-2Total Water is unique to GV and ER-2

SEAC4RS payload overlap and unique capabilities = 3 platforms21 February 2012 =2 platforms

parameterO3 FO3 CARI NOyO3 Ryerson NOAA-O3 GaoCO UV Fluorescence CARI DACOM Diskin PCRS Wofsy

ALIAS ChristensenCH4 PICARRO CARI DACOM Diskin ALIAS ChristensenCO2 PICARRO CARI AVOCET Beyersdorf PCRS Wofsy

VOCs, OVOCs, CFCs, etc TOGA Apel WAS Blake WAS Atlas(see table 2 for more detail) PTR-MS Wisthaler

H2O vapor VCSEL Zondlo DLH Diskin JLH HermenRAF-EDPC RAF NOAA-H2O Gao

H2Ov AndersonH2O vapor column AATS-14 (4-STAR) Russell

dew/front point RAF-DPX RAF Hygrometer DC-8 FacilityN2O DACOM Diskin ALIAS ChristensenSO2 GT-CIMS Huey GT-CIMS HueyHCN CIT-CIMS Wennberg

CH3CN TOGA Apel PTR-MS WisthalerHCl GT-CIMS HueyNO NOx CARI NOyO3 RyersonNO2 NOx CARI NOyO3 Ryerson

TD-LIF CohenS ANs, S PNs TD-LIF Cohen

PANs (speciated) GT-CIMS HueyHNO3 GT-CIMS Huey CIT-CIMS Wennberg

SAGA DibbTD-LIF Cohen

HNO4 GT-CIMS Huey CIT-CIMS WennbergNOy CSD-CL Ryerson

HCHO CAMS Fried DFGAS FriedISAF Hanisco

CH3CHO TOGA Apel PTR-MS WisthalerH2O2 P-CIMS O'Sullivan/Heikes CIT-CIMS Wennberg

CH3OOH P-CIMS O'Sullivan/Heikes CIT-CIMS WennbergOrganic acids (formic, acetic CIT-CIMS Wennberg

propanoic, peroxy acetic)Selected OVOCs: glycoaldehyde CIT-CIMS Wennberg

hydroxyacetone, propanone nitrate,hydroperoxy aldehydes

Isoprene hydroxy-nitrates, CIT-CIMS Wennberghydroxy-peroxides and dihydroxy-epoxides

actinic flux HARP Hall CAFS Hallspectral irradiance HARP Hall SSFR Schmidt SSFR Schmidt

broadband irradiance RAF-Irradiance RAF BBR Bucholtz BBR Bucholtzaerosol optical depth (multi wavelength) AATS-14 Russell

aerosol number CN > 0.01 Rogers CN > 0.01 AndersonCN > 0.01 (heated) Anderson

CN > 0.003 Andersonaerosol size SMPS (0.01-0.5) Smith SMPS (0.01-0.3) Anderson

UHSAS (0.06-1) Rogers UHSAS (0.06-1) AndersonUHSAS (dry and humidified) Brock

LAS (0.1 - 5) AndersonAPS (0.5-5) Anderson

sub-saturated hygroscopicity Sorooshian-DASH-SPaerosol scattering Total (450, 550, 700 nm) Anderson-nephelometer

Submicron (450, 550, 700 nm) Anderson-nephelometerf(RH) (450, 550, 700 nm) Anderson-nephelometer

aerosol absorption Total (467, 530, 660 nm) Anderson-PSAPNonvolatile (467, 530, 660 nm) Anderson-PSAP

Total (467, 530, 660 nm) Brock-FilterTotal (405, 532, 660 nm) Brock-PhotoacousticRH @ 532 nm (dry, ~85%) Brock-Photoacousticwavelength dependence Brock-Photoacoustic

BC-clear coatings (532 nm) Brock-PhotoacousticBC-BrownC coatings (405 nm) Brock-Photoacoustic

aerosol extinction Dry (405, 532, 660 nm) Brock-Cavity Ring DownWet (~75%, ~95%) Brock-Cavity Ring Down

wavelength dependence Brock-Cavity Ring DownGas Phase (405, 532, 660 nm) Brock-Cavity Ring Down

polarized phase function PI-Neph MartinsCCN CCN counter Anderson

aerosol composition bulk inorganic ions Dibb-filters(see table 3 for more detail) organic compounds Dibb-filters (with Weber)

fine sulfate Dibb-mist chambersubmicron, nonrefractory Jimenez-AMS

single particle Froyd-PALMSBC (dry and wet) Gao-HD-SP2

total water CU Total Water Avallone NOAA-H2O GaoCloud Particle Imaging 3V-CPI Jensen CPI Lawson

2D-C Rogers 2D-S LawsonHVPS (maybe) Lawson

Cloud Droplet Distribution CDP Rogers FCDP Lawson3D winds RAF-WINDS RAF-Schanot MMS Bui

temperature RAF-ATX RAF-Schanot MMS Bui MMS Buipressure RAF-PSXC RAF-Schanot MMS Bui MMS Bui

temperature profile MTP MahoneyO3 profiles DIAL-HSRL Hair

aerosol backscatter profiles DIAL-HSRL Hair CPL McGilldepolarization profiles DIAL-HSRL Hair CPL McGill

aerosol extinction profiles DIAL-HSRL Hairclouds and precipitation APR-2 Tanelli

aerosol/cloud polarimetry RSP Cairnsmultispectral imagery eMAS Platnick

multiangle spectro-polarimetry AirMSPI Diner

GV DC-8 ER-2

Gas Phase Composition - Tracers

Fingerprinting (and quantifying) Sources:Pollution – enhanced NMHCs and HalocarbonsFires – CH3CN, HCN, enhanced NMHCs in absence of CFC enhancementTerrestrial Biosphere – Isoprene and oxidation productsMarine – DMS, Methyl Iodide, Methyl nitrate, BromocarbonsVolcanism – SO2, HClStratosphere – O3, CO, CO2, N2O, H2O, CFCs

Convective Transport (lifetime):Isoprene (~ 1 hour), DMS (~1 day), CH3I (a few days), CO, CO2

Air Mass Ageing (chemistry and mixing):Requires known emission ratio and reactivity; relative measure of processing






dew/front point RAF-DPX RAF Hygrometer DC-8 FacilityN2O DACOM Diskin ALIAS ChristensenSO2 GT-CIMS Huey GT-CIMS HueyHCN CIT-CIMS Wennberg

CH3CN TOGA Apel PTR-MS WisthalerHCl GT-CIMS Huey

GV DC-8 ER-2

NO NOx CARI NOyO3 RyersonNO2 NOx CARI NOyO3 Ryerson

TD-LIF CohenS ANs, S PNs TD-LIF Cohen

PANs (speciated) GT-CIMS HueyHNO3 GT-CIMS Huey CIT-CIMS Wennberg

SAGA DibbTD-LIF Cohen

HNO4 GT-CIMS Huey CIT-CIMS WennbergNOy NOyO3 Ryerson

HCHO CAMS Fried DFGAS FriedISAF Hanisco

CH3CHO TOGA Apel PTR-MS WisthalerH2O2 P-CIMS O'Sullivan/Heikes CIT-CIMS Wennberg

CH3OOH P-CIMS O'Sullivan/Heikes CIT-CIMS WennbergOrganic acids (formic, acetic CIT-CIMS Wennberg

propanoic, peroxy acetic)Selected OVOCs: glycoaldehyde CIT-CIMS Wennberg

hydroxyacetone, propanone nitrate,hydroperoxy aldehydes

Isoprene hydroxy-nitrates, CIT-CIMS Wennberghydroxy-peroxides and dihydroxy-epoxides

actinic flux HARP Hall CAFS Hall

Gas Phase Composition – Photochemical Indicators

Reactive Nitrogen Partitioning: Oxidation pathways (organic nitrates only on DC-8)

Convective Enhancement of Radical Reservoirs: H2O2, CH3OOH, CH2O

Convective Enhancement and Solubility: H2O2, CH3OOH, CH2O, HNO3, organic acids

Photochemical Clocks: NOx/HNO3, CH3OOH/H2O2

VOC Oxidation and Organic Aerosol (DC-8): organic acids and isoprene products

Photochemical Response: Actinic flux






dew/front point RAF-DPX RAF Hygrometer DC-8 FacilityN2O DACOM Diskin ALIAS ChristensenSO2HCN CIT-CIMS Wennberg

CH3CNHCl

GV DC-8 ER-2

Spectral and Broadband Irradiance (3 Levels) and Multispectral AOD from (DC-8 only):Cloud and aerosol radiative impactsImpact of aerosol layers above and below cloudsFlux Divergence and Heating ratesSpectral behavior: Asymmetry parameter and Angstrom ExponentAbsorption coefficientAlbedoSatellite/ER-2 remote sensor validationDemonstration of ACE concepts

Aerosol number and size distributions: Fundamental information on aerosol loading and volatilityInformation on aerosol loadings above 14 km will have to come from remote sensing observations from the DC-8 and ER-2

Radiation and Aerosol Number and Size Distributionsspectral irradiance HARP Hall SSFR Schmidt SSFR Schmidt

broadband irradiance RAF-Irradiance RAF BBR Bucholtz BBR Bucholtzaerosol optical depth (multi wavelength) AATS-14 Russell

aerosol number CN > 0.01 Rogers CN > 0.01 AndersonCN > 0.01 (heated) Anderson

CN > 0.003 AndersonCCN counter Anderson

aerosol size SMPS (0.01-0.5) Smith SMPS (0.01-0.3) AndersonUHSAS (0.06-1) Rogers UHSAS (0.06-1) Anderson

UHSAS (dry and humidified) BrockLAS (0.1 - 5) AndersonAPS (0.5-5) Anderson

sub-saturated hygroscopicity Sorooshian-DASH-SP







CH3CNHCl

GV DC-8 ER-2

Detailed observations of aerosol composition and optical properties are only available from the DC-8, but is critical to interpretation of remote sensing observations from ALL aircraft.

Profiles of optical properties to relate aerosol loading and composition to radiative impacts

Aerosol composition makes a critical contribution to the fingerprinting of sources

Aerosol Optical Properties and Compositionparameter

O3 FO3 CARI NOyO3 Ryerson NOAA-O3 GaoCO UV Fluorescence CARI DACOM Diskin PCRS Wofsy






CH3CNHCl

GV DC-8 ER-2aerosol scattering Total (450, 550, 700 nm) Anderson-nephelometer

Submicron (450, 550, 700 nm) Anderson-nephelometerf(RH) (450, 550, 700 nm) Anderson-nephelometer

aerosol absorption Total (467, 530, 660 nm) Anderson-PSAPNonvolatile (467, 530, 660 nm) Anderson-PSAP

Total (467, 530, 660 nm) Brock-FilterTotal (405, 532, 660 nm) Brock-PhotoacousticRH @ 532 nm (dry, ~85%) Brock-Photoacousticwavelength dependence Brock-Photoacoustic

BC-clear coatings (532 nm) Brock-PhotoacousticBC-BrownC coatings (405 nm) Brock-Photoacoustic

aerosol extinction Dry (405, 532, 660 nm) Brock-Cavity Ring DownWet (~75%, ~95%) Brock-Cavity Ring Down

wavelength dependence Brock-Cavity Ring DownGas Phase (405, 532, 660 nm) Brock-Cavity Ring Down

polarized phase function PI-Neph Martinsaerosol composition bulk inorganic ions Dibb-filters

(see table 3 for more detail) organic compounds Dibb-filters (with Weber)fine sulfate Dibb-mist chamber

submicron, nonrefractory Jimenez-AMSsingle particle Froyd-PALMS

BC (dry and wet) Gao-HD-SP2

Cloud particle distribution and habit: Cirrus formation and persistence (complemented by high resolution met data)Importance of habit to heterogeneous chemistryRelevance to radiative impacts

Remote Sensing focus is on Aerosols and Clouds (DIAL O3 is the exception) and relies heavily on information from the lower flying aircraft for:Broadband and spectral radiation impacts of aerosols and cloudsAerosol loading, optical properties, and compositionTrace gases?

Cloud Probes and Remote Sensingtotal water CU Total Water Avallone NOAA-H2O Gao

Cloud Particle Imaging 3V-CPI Jensen CPI Lawson2D-C Rogers 2D-S Lawson

HVPS (maybe) LawsonCloud Droplet Distribution CDP Rogers FCDP Lawson

3D winds RAF-WINDS RAF-Schanot MMS Buitemperature RAF-ATX RAF-Schanot MMS Bui MMS Bui

pressure RAF-PSXC RAF-Schanot MMS Bui MMS Buitemperature profile MTP Mahoney

O3 profiles DIAL-HSRL Hairaerosol backscatter profiles DIAL-HSRL Hair CPL McGill

depolarization profiles DIAL-HSRL Hair CPL McGillaerosol extinction profiles DIAL-HSRL Hairclouds and precipitation APR-2 Tanelli

aerosol/cloud polarimetry RSP Cairnsmultispectral imagery eMAS Platnick

multiangle spectro-polarimetry AirMSPI Diner







CH3CNHCl

GV DC-8 ER-2

SEAC4RS Payload Payload Synergies Synergies. Complementarity between aircraft can be considered to fall into three categories. Each has considerations.

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