SCULPTURES AND PAINTINGS Sculptures are the true representation of natural imagined forms, which are created in two or three dimensions. Indian sculptures have close link with religion and also it is linked with social conduct. All the sculptures inspire us the religious motivation and inspiration with philosophical meanings 1 . Indian sculptures reflected the various aspects of Indian culture, folk and classical thoughts dealing with love of nature, sensuality, fertility, eternity and divine omniscience etc. Therefore, Indian sculpture can be considered as the vehicle or channel that strongly conveys these forces to the devotees visiting the temple. Indian sculptures mostly include devotional objects created in various forms, which display the faith of people on God It is strongly believed that Indian sculpture had its beginnings in the early terracotta female figurines and stone images of nature-spirits that are found in many villages. By the 1st century BC, images of respected gods and goddesses belonging to Hinduism and Buddhism started appearing. In the following centuries a new trend was set and artists started working in the service of the Hindu, Buddhist and Jain communities. As such no stylistic distinctions can be made between the images that are created by these different sects. The deities carved in rocks or made in Bronze are identified by their different form, human or superhuman, and by the attribution with which they are known.
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SCULPTURES AND PAINTINGS
Sculptures are the true representation of natural imagined forms,
which are created in two or three dimensions. Indian sculptures have close
link with religion and also it is linked with social conduct. All the sculptures
inspire us the religious motivation and inspiration with philosophical
meanings1. Indian sculptures reflected the various aspects of Indian culture,
folk and classical thoughts dealing with love of nature, sensuality, fertility,
eternity and divine omniscience etc. Therefore, Indian sculpture can be
considered as the vehicle or channel that strongly conveys these forces to
the devotees visiting the temple.
Indian sculptures mostly include devotional objects created in various
forms, which display the faith of people on God It is strongly believed that
Indian sculpture had its beginnings in the early terracotta female figurines
and stone images of nature-spirits that are found in many villages. By the 1st
century BC, images of respected gods and goddesses belonging to
Hinduism and Buddhism started appearing. In the following centuries a new
trend was set and artists started working in the service of the Hindu,
Buddhist and Jain communities. As such no stylistic distinctions can be
made between the images that are created by these different sects. The
deities carved in rocks or made in Bronze are identified by their different
form, human or superhuman, and by the attribution with which they are
known.
As every artistic tradition in India, may be its sculpture also takes
roots on the ground of certain visual and aesthetic presence of ideas. This
reflects the emotional and psychological needs and imaginative
prepossessions of the people for whom the art is targeted. And for better
understanding of the meaning of cultural wealth of India, there is no other
way than studying Indian sculpture2.
In various places of India, the marvellous Indian art finds its
expression in many forms. Some of these art forms are ravaged by time,
pillaged and plundered by conquering of invaders and colonial lords for their
own benefit, left behind represents India’s historical legacy. But these
amazing art pieces evoke a sense of awe and wonder in it. India is full of a
diverse medley of numerous aesthetic traditions that give its art and
architecture the vitality, which can inspire even today.
5.1. TYPES OF SCULPTURE
It is said that, sculptures are of great strength and evocation with
definite physical and visual power from the appearance, sculpture can be of
two types: round sculpture and relief sculpture. Sculpture that is found in
round appears more than being just a form. Such sculpture has four sides,
all one has a sum of four sides, simply four relief’s. There should be a
progression from one form to another for creating more visual and structural
impact.
Relief sculpture is considered as another form of sculpture. And it is
perhaps the oldest form of developments that includes the drawn line or
mark on a flat surface that may be developed further to gain typical shape.
Various examples of man’s incised drawings indicate this fact. The
background of this kind of relief may be made up of as much as half the
volume of the form. But it is made without undercuts; the breaking up of the
light across the surface into strongly patterned areas is an essential part of
the bas-relief.
Essentially, there are two subjects of making various sculpture found
in India. These are -religious and non-religious types of sculpture. Buddha
and Jain and Hindu religion related and other religious include old events,
stories and Lord` sculptures in India are religious. And toys, decoration
things and statues are non-religious type of sculpture found in Indian
sculptures3.
5.2. KINDS OF INDIAN SCULPTURES
1. Wooden sculptures
2. Bronze sculptures
3. Sand sculptures
4. Marble sculptures
5. Stone sculptures
6. Ivory sculptures
7. Terracotta sculptures4
Annamalaiyar temple which spreads the fragrance of Bliss shines not
only as a temple for grace, but also as a repository for artistic beauties. This
temple infuses a sprit of devotion among mankind, and shelters sculptures
and paintings that gladdens one’s heart, and indicates our culture.
5.3. SCULPTURES
The thousand pillard hall in the Annamalaiyar temple true to its name
has thousand pillars. At the top and base of these pillars, sculptures of
Nayak period adorn. Some of the sculptures in the pillars have the images of
Siva and induce devotion. Besides, some images of Sages, forms of Vishnu,
floral designs and such proclaim the excellence of our artistic heritage. In the
temple of Pidari, the images of Sapta Mathas (Sevan Mathers) are chiseled
in separate stones in lifelike manner. Of these images that of
Nidhambasundani excels in beauty and elegance.
In the space of the prakara adjoining the tower of Vallala Maharaja, a
unique feature, not found elsewhere can be seen. On the western side of the
wall, a figure of the bird Gandaberunda – the royal emblem of the Hoysalas,
a hero fighting a tiger are sculpted. Apart from these, a continuous frieze of a
conversation of a king with fishes and a bunch of flowers on both sides are
also chiseled.
The sixteen pillars adorning the Mahamandapa of the shrine of
Unnamalai Amman are a Treasure House of Art and reveal the intricacies of
the canons of Art. In these pillars are Ashta Lakshmis, Rudra, Durga, Maha
Sakti, Maha Sarasvati, Siddivinayakar and Virabadra all scintillating with
super workmanship. The sculptures that adorn the Gopuras, Vimanas, the
stucco images of the pillars and walls are a feast to the eyes5.
5.4. NAMES OF IMAGES
In the Annamalaiyar temple there are several mandapas like jnanapal
mandapa. Tirthavarimandapa, Thiruarulvilasamandapa, several gopurams
like Rajagopuram, Kili Goupra etc; several subsidiary shrines like Pidari Koil,
Kambathu Ilayanar Koil6,
In Thiruvannamalai temple we can see the stone images as well as
bronze idols.
S.
NO
LOCATION OF THE
IMAGES
IMPORTANT IMAGES
1 Raja Gopuram 1. Gopura Ganapathi, 2. Viral Minda Nayanar