SCIENTIFIC RESULTS

PROCEEDINGSOF THE

OCEAN DRILLINGPROGRAM

... ...VOLUME 1 3 6

SCIENTIFIC RESULTSHawaiian Arch

Covering Leg 136 of the cruises of the Drilling VesselJO/DßS Resolution,Honolulu, Hawaii, to Honolulu, Hawaii, Sites 842-843

28 February-20 March 1991

Roy H. Wilkens, Adam Dziewonski, John V. Firth, D. James Baker, Jr.,James C. Briden, Bobb Carson, John A. Collins, Eric H. De Carlo,Frederick K. Duennebier, Hans-J. Dürbaum, Timothy J.Q. Francis,

Michael O. Garcia, David Goldberg, Grant Gross, Wei He, Charles E. Helsley,Donna Hull, Randy Jacobson, Thomas R. Janecek, Toshihiko Kanazawa,

Ellen Kappel, Jean-François Karczewski, Ulisses Mello, Marvin Moss, Jiro Naka,Jane S. Tribble, Guy Waggoner

Shipboard Scientists

John V. FirthShipboard Staff Scientist

Editorial Review Board:Roy H. Wilkens, John Bender, John V. Firth

Prepared by theOCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM

TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY

Lona Haskins Dearmont and Jennifer A. MarinVolume Editors

in cooperation with theNATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION

andJOINT OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTIONS, INC.

This publication was prepared by the Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University, as an accountof work performed under the international Ocean Drilling Program, which is managed by JointOceanographic Institutions, Inc., under contract with the National Science Foundation. Funding forthe program was provided by the following agencies at the time of this cruise:

Canada/Australia Consortium for the Ocean Drilling Program, Department of Energy, Mines andResources (Canada), and Department of Primary Industries and Energy (Australia)

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Federal Republic of Germany)

European Science Foundation Consortium for Ocean Drilling (Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Iceland,Italy, Greece, The Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and Turkey)

Institut Français de Recherche pour 1'Exploitation de la Mer (France)

National Science Foundation (United States)

Natural Environment Research Council (United Kingdom)

University of Tokyo, Ocean Research Institute (Japan)

Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are thoseof the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation, theparticipating agencies, Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc., Texas A&M University, or Texas A&MResearch Foundation.

It is recommended that reference to the whole or to part of this volume be made in one of the followingforms, as appropriate:

Wilkens, R.H., Firth, J., Bender, J., et al., 1993. Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 136: College Station, TX(Ocean Drilling Program).

Hull, D., 1993. Quaternary, Eocene, and Cretaceous radiolarians from the Hawaiian Arch, northernequatorial Pacific Ocean. In Wilkens, R.H., Firth, J., Bender, J., et al., Proc. ODP, Sci. Results,136: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 3-25.

Effective Publication Dates of ODP Proceedings

According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, the date of publication of a workand of a contained name or statement affecting nomenclature is the date on which the publication wasmailed to subscribers, placed on sale, or when the whole edition is distributed free of charge, mailedto institutions and individuals to whom free copies are distributed. The mailing date, not the printeddate, is the correct one.

The mailing dates of recent Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program are as follows:

Volumes 142/143 {Initial Reports): April 1993Volume 144 {Initial Reports): July 1993Volume 145 {Initial Reports): July 1993Volume 130 {Scientific Results): April 1993Volume 131 {Scientific Results): April 1993Volumes 133/132 {Scientific Results): November 1993

Distribution

Copies of this publication may be obtained from Publications Distribution Center, Ocean DrillingProgram, 1000 Discovery Drive, College Station, Texas 77845-9547, U.S.A. Orders for copies willrequire advance payment. See current ODP publication list for price and availability of this publication.

Printed December 1993

ISSN 0884-5891Library of Congress 87-642-462

Printed in Canada by D.W. Friesen & Sons Ltd.

The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for InformationSciences-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984°° ™

ForewordBy the National Science Foundation

The Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) is a major component of the National ScienceFoundation^ continuing commitment to the study of the geologic processes that have shapedour planet and modified its environment. The scientific problems being addressed range fromthe geologic history and structure of continental margins to the processes responsible for theformation and alteration of the ocean's crust. In a time of enhanced public and scientificinterest in problems of global change, ODP provides critical data on changes in oceancirculation, chemistry, and biologic productivity and their relation to changes in atmosphericcirculation and glacial conditions. The Ocean Drilling Program has a unique role in addressingthese problems, since it is the only facility for continuously sampling the geologic record ofthe ocean basins, which cover 70% of our planet.

The ODP is the successor to the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP), which was a globalreconnaissance of the ocean basins. DSDP began operations in 1968 at Scripps Institution ofOceanography, using a 400-foot drillship, the Glomar Challenger. DSDP was supportedinitially by only the National Science Foundation, with extensive involvement of internationalscientists who were invited to participate on drilling cruises. As this international interestcontinued to grow in the early 1970's, formal participation in the project was offered to theinternational geoscience community. In 1975, five nations (France, the Federal Republic ofGermany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union) accepted this commitment tojoint planning and conduct of the project, as well as to financial support for operations. ThisInternational Phase of Ocean Drilling (IPOD) continued to 1983. Although the Challengerhad reached the limits of her capabilities, the remarkable scientific success of the DSDP andthe new questions it had generated demanded a continuing capability for drilling in the oceans.

The Ocean Drilling Program was organized, international participation was coordinated,a new drillship (the JOIDES Resolution) was contracted and outfitted, and her first cruisesailed in early 1985, within 18 months of the retirement of the Challenger. This is a remarkableaccomplishment that reflects the efforts and excellence of the Joint Oceanographic Institu-tions, Inc. (prime contractor for ODP), Texas A&M University (science and ship operator),Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (logging operator), and the international science commu-nity in organizing and planning the new program. It was argued in planning for the ODP thata larger drillship was required to provide space for the increasing U.S. and internationaldemand for shipboard participation, improved and expanded laboratory capabilities, andimprovements in coring and logging systems. A larger and better equipped vessel would alsoprovide better stability and working conditions in high-latitude regions of the oceans. Thesuccess of the JOIDES Resolution has proven the wisdom of these early arguments.

ODP now has operated in all oceans except the ice-covered Arctic. We have drilled abovethe Arctic circle and within sight of the Antarctic continent. Over 1000 scientists from 25nations have participated in the initial ODP cruises. The larger scientific parties have allowedan increased emphasis on student participation and training aboard ship. The state-of-the-artlaboratories support rapid and complete initial analyses of samples that provide both scientificresults and guide subsequent shore-based studies. Nearly 1000 additional scientists have usedthese data and requested samples from the program's core and data archives for continuingstudy. The geochemical and geophysical logging capability is unsurpassed in either academiaor industry and has provided remarkable new data with which to study the Earth. Newexperiments to measure and monitor geologic processes have been deployed in ODP bore-holes.

The international commitment to ocean drilling has increased in the ODP. In addition toour four partners in IPOD—France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Japan, and the UnitedKingdom—two consortia have joined ODP: Canada-Australia and the European ScienceFoundation (representing Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Iceland, Italy, The Nether-lands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and Turkey). The 19 countries of the ODPrepresent the community of nations that have a global interest in the geosciences andoceanography. This global scientific participation has assured the program's scientific excel-lence by focusing and integrating the combined scientific knowledge and capabilities of the

program's 19 nations. It has allowed problems of a global nature to be addressed by providingdatabases and background studies which are openly shared for planning and interpretingdrilling results. It has eased problems of access to territorial waters, allowing comparativestudies to be done among oceans. Finally, the international sharing of program costs hasallowed this important and large program to proceed without detrimental impact to theresearch budgets of any one nation.

The Ocean Drilling Program, like its predecessor, DSDP, serves as a model for planning,conducting, and financing research to address problems of global importance. The NationalScience Foundation is proud to have a leading role in this unique international program, andwe look forward to its continuing success.

‰ }

Walter E. MasseyDirectorNational Science Foundation

Washington, D.C.

ForewordBy Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc.

This volume presents scientific and engineering results from the Ocean Drilling Program(ODP). The papers presented here address the scientific and technical goals of the program,which include providing a global description of geological and geophysical structures includ-ing passive and active margins and sediment history, and studying in detail areas of majorgeophysical activity such as mid-ocean ridges and the associated hydrothermal circulations.

The Ocean Drilling Program, an international activity, operates a specially equippeddeep-sea drilling ship, the JOIDES Resolution (Sedco/BP471), which contains state-of-the-artlaboratories, equipment, and computers. The ship is 471 feet (144 meters) long, is 70 feet (21meters) wide, and has a displacement of 18,600 short tons. Her derrick towers 211 feet (64meters) above the waterline, and a computer-controlled dynamic-positioning system stabilizesthe ship over a specific location while drilling in water depths up to 27,000 feet (8230 meters).The drilling system collects cores from beneath the seafloor with a derrick and drawworksthat can handle 30,000 feet (9144 meters) of drill pipe. More than 12,000 square feet (1115square meters) of space distributed throughout the ship is devoted to scientific laboratoriesand equipment. The ship sails with a scientific and technical crew of 51 and a ship's crew(including the drill crew) of 62. The size and ice-strengthening of the ship allow drilling inhigh seas and ice-infested areas as well as permitting a large group of multidisciplinaryscientists to interact as part of the scientific party.

Logging, or measurements in the drilled holes, is an important part of the program. ODPprovides a full suite of geochemical and geophysical measurements for every hole deeper than1300 feet (400 meters). For each such hole, there are lowerings of basic oil-industry tools:nuclear, sonic, and electrical. In addition, a borehole televiewer is available for imaging thewall of the hole, a 12-channel logging tool provides accurate velocity and elastic propertymeasurements as well as sonic waveforms for spectral analysis of energy propagation nearthe wall of the hole, and a vertical seismic profiler can record reflectors from below the totaldepth of the hole.

The management of the Ocean Drilling Program involves a partnership of scientists andgovernments. International oversight and coordination are provided by the ODP Council, agovernmental consultative body of the partner countries, which is chaired by a representativefrom the United States National Science Foundation. The ODP Council periodically reviewsthe general progress of the program and discusses financial plans and other managementissues. Overall scientific and management guidance is provided to the operators of the programby representatives from the group of institutions involved in the program, called the JointOceanographic Institutions for Deep Earth Sampling (JOIDES).

The Executive Committee (EXCOM), made up of the administrative heads of the JOIDESinstitutions, provides general oversight for ODP. The Planning Committee (PCOM), with itsadvisory structure, is made up of working scientists and provides scientific advice and detailedplanning. PCOM has a network of panels and working groups that screen drilling proposals,evaluate instrumentation and measurement techniques, and assess geophysical-survey dataand other safety and siting information. PCOM uses the recommendations of the panels andcommittees to select drilling targets, to specify the location and major scientific objectives ofeach two-month drilling segment or leg, and to provide the science operator with nominationsfor co-chief scientists.

Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc. (JOI), a nonprofit consortium of U.S. Oceanographicinstitutions, serves as the National Science Foundation^ prime contractor for ODP. JOI isresponsible for seeing that the scientific objectives, plans, and recommendations of theJOIDES committees are translated into scientific operations consistent with scientific adviceand budgetary constraints. JOI subcontracts the operations of the program to two universities:Texas A&M University and Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University. JOIis also responsible for managing the U.S. contribution to ODP.

Texas A&M University (TAMU) serves as science operator for ODP. In this capacity,TAMU is responsible for planning the specific ship operations, actual drilling schedules, andfinal scientific rosters, which are developed in close cooperation with PCOM and the relevant

panels. The science operator also ensures that adequate scientific analyses are performed onthe cores by maintaining the shipboard scientific laboratories and computers and by providinglogistical and technical support for shipboard scientific teams. Onshore, TAMU managesscientific activities after each leg, is curator for the cores, distributes samples, and coordinatesthe editing and publication of scientific results.

Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) of Columbia University is responsible for theprogram's logging operation, including processing the data and providing assistance toscientists for data analysis. The ODP Data Bank, a repository for geophysical data, is alsomanaged by LDEO.

Core samples from ODP and the previous Deep Sea Drilling Project are stored for futureinvestigation at three sites: ODP Pacific and Indian Ocean cores at TAMU, ODP and DSDPAtlantic and Antarctic cores at LDEO, and DSDP Pacific and Indian Ocean cores at the ScrippsInstitution of Oceanography.

Scientific achievements of ODP include new information on early seafloor spreading andhow continents separate and the margins evolve. The oldest Pacific crust has been drilled andsampled. We have new insights into glacial cycles and the fluctuations of ocean currentsthroughout geological time. Many of the scientific goals can be met only with new technology;thus the program has focused on engineering as well as science. To date, ODP engineers havedemonstrated the capability to drill on bare rock at mid-ocean-ridge sites and have developedtechniques for drilling in high-temperature and corrosive regions typical of hydrothermal ventareas. A new diamond coring system promises better core recovery in difficult areas.

In addition, ODP is cooperating closely with other geological and geophysical programs;for example, in 1991 the first hole was drilled by ODP for emplacement of a seismometer nearHawaii for the Ocean Seismic Network. JOI is pleased to have been able to play a facilitatingrole in the Ocean Drilling Program and its cooperative activities, and we are looking forwardto many new results to come.

D. James BakerPresidentJoint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc.

Washington, D.C.

Preface

The Scientific Results volumes of the Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program containspecialty papers presenting the results of up to one and one-half years of research in variousaspects of scientific ocean drilling. I acknowledge with thanks the authors of the paperspublished in this volume, who thereby have enabled future investigators to gain ready accessto the results of their research.

Each of the papers submitted to a Scientific Results volume undergoes rigorous peer reviewby at least two specialists in the author's research field. A paper typically goes through oneor more revision cycles before being accepted for publication. Our goal is to maintain apeer-review system comparable to those of the most highly regarded journals in the geologicalsciences.

The Editorial Review Board for a Scientific Results volume is responsible for obtainingpeer reviews of papers submitted to the volume. This board usually is made up of the twoco-chief scientists for the cruise, the ODP staff scientist for the cruise, and one externalspecialist who is familiar with the geology of the area investigated. In addition, the ODP staffeditor assigned to the volume helps with any manuscripts that require special attention, suchas those by authors who need assistance with English expression.

Scientific Results volumes may also contain short reports consisting of good data that arenot ready for final interpretation. Papers in this category are segregated in a section in the backof the volume called Data Reports. Although no interpretation is permitted, these papersordinarily contain a section on methodology or procedures. Data Report papers are readcarefully by at least one specialist to make sure they are well organized, comprehensive, anddiscuss the techniques thoroughly.

In acknowledgment of the contributions made by this volume's Editorial Review Board,names of the individual Board members are listed on the title page. Reviewers of manuscriptsfor this volume, whose efforts are so essential to the success of the publication, are listed inthe front portion of the book, without attribution to a particular manuscript.

On behalf of the Ocean Drilling Program, I extend sincere appreciation to members of theEditorial Review Boards and to the reviewers for giving so generously of their time and effortsin ensuring that only papers of high scientific quality are published in the Proceedings.

Philip D. RabinowitzDirectorOcean Drilling ProgramTexas A&M University

College Station, Texas

REVIEWERS FOR THIS VOLUME

Suzanne Beske-Diehl Mike Fuller Yujiro OgawaCharles D. Blome Bill Gallahan John A. OrcuttRichard M. Carlson Joris M. Gieskes William N. OrrPaterno R. Castillo Kathryn M. Gillis Peter SchiffmanHervé Chamley Barry B. Hanan Haraldur SigurdsonDavid Christie James R. Hein Guy M. SmithStanley M. Cisowski Juan M. Lorenzo Worm SohRoy E. Dove Richard W. Murray Linda E. TwayRichard V. Fisher Catherine Nigrini

Publishers Note: Current policy requires that artwork published in Scientific Results volumes of theProceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program be furnished by authors in final camera-ready form.

OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM

MEMBER ORGANIZATIONS OF THE JOINTOCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTIONS FORDEEP EARTH SAMPLING (JOIDES):

University of California at San Diego, Scripps Institutionof Oceanography

Columbia University, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory

University of Hawaii, School of Ocean and Earth Scienceand Technology

University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine andAtmospheric Science

Oregon State University, College of Oceanography

University of Rhode Island, Graduate School ofOceanography

Texas A&M University, College of Geosciences andMaritime Studies

University of Texas at Austin, Institute for Geophysics

University of Washington, College of Ocean and FisherySciences

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Canada/Australia Consortium for the Ocean DrillingProgram, Department of Energy, Mines and Resources(Canada), and Department of Primary Industries andEnergy (Australia)

European Science Foundation Consortium for OceanDrilling, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Italy,Greece, The Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden,Switzerland, and Turkey

Federal Republic of Germany, Bundesanstalt fürGeowissenschaften und Rohstoffe

France, Institut Français de Recherche pour 1'Exploitationde la Mer

Japan, University of Tokyo, Ocean Research Institute

United Kingdom, Natural Environment Research Council

PRIME CONTRACTOR

Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc.Washington, D.C.

Thomas E. PyleDirector, Ocean Drilling Programs

OPERATING INSTITUTIONCollege of Geosciences and Maritime StudiesTexas A&M UniversityCollege Station, Texas

Robert A. DuceDean

OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAMPhilip D. Rabinowitz

Director

Timothy J.G. FrancisDeputy Director

Richard G. McPhersonAdministrator

Jack G. Baldauf, ManagerScience Operations

Barry W. Harding, ManagerEngineering and Drilling Operations

Russell B. Merrill, Curator and ManagerScience Services

Robert E. Olivas, ManagerTechnical and Logistics Support

John C. Coyne, ManagerInformation Services

LOGGING OPERATORBorehole Research GroupLamont-Doherty Earth ObservatoryColumbia UniversityPalisades, New York

David Goldberg, Head

PARTICIPANTS ABOARD THE JOIDES RESOLUTION FOR LEG 136*

SCIENCE PARTICIPANTS

Roy H. WilkensCo-Chief Scientist

Hawaii Institute of GeophysicsSchool of Ocean and Earth Science and TechnologyUniversity of Hawaii2525 Correa RoadHonolulu, Hawaii 96822U.S.A.

Adam DziewonskiCo-Chief Scientist

Department of Earth and Planetary SciencesHarvard University20 Oxford StreetCambridge, Massachusetts 02138U.S.A.

John V. FirthODP Staff Scientist/Paleontologist

Ocean Drilling ProgramTexas A&M University Research Park1000 Discovery DriveCollege Station, Texas 77845-9547U.SA.

D. James Baker, Jr.JOI Observer

Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc.1755 Massachusetts Ave., NWSuite 800Washington, DC 20036-2102U.S.A.

James C. BridenPaleomagnetist

Natural Environment Research CouncilPolaris House, North Star Ave.Swindon, Wilts SN2 1EUUnited Kingdom

Bobb CarsonBorehole Seal/Physical Properties Specialist

Department of Geological SciencesLehigh UniversityBethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015-3188U.S.A.

John A. CollinsGeophysicist/Physical Properties Specialist

Department of Geology and GeophysicsWoods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionQuissett CampusWoods Hole, Massachusetts 02543U.S.A.

Eric H. De CarloSedimentologist/InorganicGeochemist

Department of OceanographySchool of Ocean and Earth Science and TechnologyUniversity of Hawaii1000 Pope RoadHonolulu, Hawaii 96822U.S.A.

Frederick K. DuennebierSeismologist Observer

Hawaii Institute of GeophysicsSchool of Ocean and Earth Science and TechnologyUniversity of Hawaii2525 Correa RoadHonolulu, Hawaii 96822U.SA.

Hans-J. DürbaumJOIDES Executive Committee Observer

Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und RohstoffePostfach 510153D-3000 Hannover 51Federal Republic of Germany

Timothy J.G. FrancisGeophysicist

Ocean Drilling ProgramTexas A&M University Research Park1000 Discovery DriveCollege Station, Texas 77845-9547U.S.A.

Michael O. GarciaIgneous Petrologist

Department of Geology and GeophysicsSchool of Ocean and Earth Science and TechnologyUniversity of Hawaii2525 Correa RoadHonolulu, Hawaii 96822U.S.A.

David GoldbergLDGO Logging Scientist

Borehole Research GroupLamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryColumbia UniversityPalisades, New York 10964U.S.A.

Grant GrossNSF Observer

National Science Foundation (U.S.)1800 G Street, NWWashington, DC 20550U.SA.

* Addresses at time of cruise.

Wei HeLDGO Logging Trainee

Borehole Research GroupLamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryColumbia UniversityPalisades, New York 10964U.S.A.

Charles E. HelsleyPaleomagnetist

Hawaii Institute of GeophysicsSchool of Ocean and Earth Science and TechnologyUniversity of Hawaii2525 Correa RoadHonolulu, Hawaii 96822U.S.A.

Donna HullPaleontologist

Department of GeosciencesUniversity of Texas at DallasP.O. Box 830688Richardson, Texas 75083-0688U.S.A.

Randy JacobsonSeismologist Observer

Marine Geology and GeophysicsOffice of Naval Research800 North Quincy StreetArlington, Virginia 22217U.S.A.

Thomas R. JanecekSedimentologist

Ocean Drilling ProgramTexas A&M University Research Park1000 Discovery DriveCollege Station, Texas 77845-9547U.S.A.

Toshihiko KanazawaSeismologist Observer

Laboratory for Earthquake ChemistryFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Tokyo2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-kuTokyo 113Japan

Ellen KappelJOI Observer

Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc.1755 Massachusetts Ave., NWSuite 800Washington, DC 20036-2102U.S.A.

Jean-François KarczewskiSeismologist Observer

INSUDT-CNRS4 Avenue de Neptune94107 St. Maur des Fosses CedexFrance

Ulisses MelloLDGO Logging Trainee

Borehole Research GroupLamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryColumbia UniversityPalisades, New York 10964U.SA.

Marvin MossSIO Observer

Scripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of California, San Diego9500 Gilman DriveLa Jolla, California 92093-0210U.S.A.

Jiro NakaSedimentologist

Department of Deep Sea ResearchJapan Marine Science and Technology Center2-15, Natsushima-choYokosuka 237Japan

Jane S. TribbleSedimentologist

Department of OceanographySchool of Ocean and Earth Science and TechnologyUniversity of Hawaii1000 Pope RoadHonolulu, Hawaii 96822U.S.A.

Guy WaggonerIgneous Petrologist

Hawaii Institute of GeophysicsSchool of Ocean and Earth Science and TechnologyUniversity of Hawaii2525 Correa RoadHonolulu, Hawaii 96822U.SA.

ENGINEERING PARTICIPANTS

Luc FlouryIFREMER Observer

IFREMERBP7029280 PlouzaneFrance

Merrilee C. GordonAmoco Observer

Amoco Production CompanyP.O. Box 3092Houston, Texas 77253U.S.A.

Barry W. HardingOperations Superintendent

Ocean Drilling ProgramTexas A&M University Research Park1000 Discovery DriveCollege Station, Texas 77845-9547U.S.A.

Roland LawrenceDOSECC Observer

Ocean Drilling ProgramTexas A&M University Research Park1000 Discovery DriveCollege Station, Texas 77845-9547U.S.A.

Thomas L. PettigrewDevelopment Engineer

Ocean Drilling ProgramTexas A&M University Research Park1000 Discovery DriveCollege Station, Texas 77845-9547U.S.A.

SEDCO OFFICIALS

Edwin G. OonkMaster of the Drilling Vessel

Underseas Drilling, Inc.707 Texas Avenue SouthSuite 103DCollege Station, Texas 77840-1917USA.

Kenneth D. HorneDrilling Superintendent

Underseas Drilling, Inc.707 Texas Avenue SouthSuite 103DCollege Station, Texas 77840-1917U.SA.

ODP TECHNICAL AND LOGISTICS PERSONNEL

Wendy J. AutioJohn W. BeckMimi S. BowmanValerie ClarkMary Ann CusimanoEdwin GarrettJenny GrangerTed ("Gus") GustafsonBurney HamlinMichiko HitchcoxRobert KempAlan KingMatt MefferdShan PehlmanChieh PengJoan PerryWilliam StevensMark WatsonBarry Weber

Marine ScientistPhotographerMarine ScientistChemistry TechnicianChemistry TechnicianComputer System ManagerMarine ScientistMarine ScientistLaboratory OfficerYeopersonCuratorial RepresentativeMarine ScientistAssistant Laboratory OfficerPhotographerChemistry TechnicianMarine ScientistMarine EngineerMarine EngineerMarine Engineer

Ocean Drilling Program Publications Staff

Publications SupervisorWilliam D. Rose

Chief EditorLona Haskins DearmontAnn Klaus

EditorsChryseis O. FoxEva M. MaddoxJennifer A. MarinNancy K. McQuistionSondra K. Stewart

Chief Production EditorJennifer Pattison Hall

Production EditorsJill K. Butler (this volume)Mauri L. Coulter (this volume)Jaime A. Gracia

Senior Publications CoordinatorJanalisa Braziel Soltis

Publications CoordinatorGudelia ("Gigi") Delgado

Publications Distribution SpecialistFabiola Munoz Byrne

Data Entry/Copier OperatorAnn Mitchell

Senior PhotographerJohn W. Beck

PhotographerBarry C. Cochran

Chief IllustratorDeborah L. Partain

IllustratorsMelany R. BorsackMichelle CadyMichelle CurtisGarnet D. GaitherLinda C. Orsi

Production AssistantsCarrie R. CastillónMary Elizabeth MitchellAlexandra F. Moreno

TABLE OF CONTENTS

VOLUME 136—SCIENTIFIC RESULTS

SECTION 1: STRATIGRAPHY

1. Quaternary, Eocene, and Cretaceous radiolarians from the Hawaiian Arch, northern equatorialPacific Ocean 3D. Hull

2. Ichthyolith biostratigraphy of deep-sea clays from the southwestern Hawaiian Arch 27J. Firth and D. Hull

3. Paleomagnetic results from Leg 136 45C. Helsley

SECTION 2: SEDIMENTOLOGY/GEOCHEMISTRY

4. Pliocene-Pleistocene volcanic sands from Site 842: products of giant landslides 53M. Garcia

5. Sediments of the Hawaiian Arch: X-ray mineralogy and microfabric 65J. Tribble, R. Wilkens, R. Arvidson, and C. Busing

6. Geochemistry of pore water and sediments recovered from Leg 136, Hawaiian Arch 77E.H. De Carlo

7. Sedimentary processes of volcaniclastic sediments, Leg 136 85J. Naka, R. Tsugaru, T. Danhara, T. Tanaka, and K. Fujioka

SECTION 3: SEISMOLOGY/PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

8. Seismic properties and reflectivity of North Pacific Ocean cherts 99R.H. Wilkens, N.I. Christensen, and J.A. Collins

SECTION 4: BASEMENT STUDIES

9. Geochemistry and petrology of basalts from Leg 136, central Pacific Ocean 107A.J. King, D.G. Waggoner, and M.O. Garcia

10. The age and alteration of central Pacific oceanic crust near Hawaii, Site 843 119D.G. Waggoner

11. Low-temperature alteration of basalts from the Hawaiian Arch, Leg 136 133J.C.Alt

12. A magnetic study of the basalts from Hole 843B, Hawaiian Arch 147H.P. Johnson and J.E. Pariso

SECTION 5: DATA REPORT

13. Data Report: Geochemical logging results from the Ocean Seismographic Network OSN-1: Leg136, Site 843 153L.B. Billeaud, E.L. Pratson, C. Broglia, and D. Goldberg

SECTION 6: REPRINT

14. Physical properties of 110 Ma oceanic crust at Site OSN-1: Implications for emplacement of aborehole seismometer 161D. Goldberg and D. Moos

(Reprinted by permission from Geophysical Research Letters, 19:757-760, 1992)

S E C T I O N 7: I N D E X

Index 167

(For ODP Sample-Distribution Policy, please see ODP Proceedings, Scientific Results, Volume 133, pp. 875-876)