Scienceproject

Submitted by: Christian John D.C. LachicaSubmitted to: Angelica DeGuzman

PHASES OF THE MOON

Before studying our main topic let’s first study the part of the

moon,orbit of the moon

and some mysteries about it.

Part of the Moon

The scientists discovered water along with volatile elements in lunar magma trapped inside of crystals that are trapped inside of tiny volcanic glass beads returned to Earth by Apollo 17. The discovery, published in the May 26 Science Express, challenges assumptions of how the moon formed and the origin of frozen water at the lunar poles. "These samples provide the best window we have to the amount of water in the interior of the Moon," said James Van Orman, professor of geological sciences at Case Western Reserve and an author of the paper. "The interior seems to be pretty similar to the interior of the Earth, from what we know about water abundance." In fact, the researchers found the concentrations of water and volatile elements including fluorine, chlorine and sulfur in lunar magma are nearly identical to concentrations in solidified magma from primitive terrestrial mid-ocean ridges on Earth. The discovery strengthens the theory that the moon and Earth have a common origin but forces scientists to reconsider the current theory of the process: that a huge impact in Earth's early history ejected material into orbit that became the moon. Part of the origin theory says that water and other volatile elements and compounds were depleted due to the heat and violence of the impact. This research indicates otherwise and provides new clues to the process of lunar formation.

Moon contains Water?

The moon is about 238,900 miles (384,000 km) from Earth on average. At its closest approach (the lunar perigee) the moon is 221,460 miles (356,410 km) from the Earth. At its farthest approach (its apogee) the moon is 252,700 miles (406,700 km) from the Earth. 

The moon revolves around the Earth in about one month (27 days 8 hours). It rotates around its own axis in the same amount of time. The same side of the moon always faces the Earth; it is in a synchronous rotation with the Earth. 

The Moon's orbit is expanding over time as it slows down (the Earth is also slowing down as it loses energy). For example, a billion years ago, the Moon was much closer to the Earth (roughly 200,000 kilometers) and took only 20 days to orbit the Earth. Also, one Earth 'day' was about 18 hours long (instead of our 24 hour day). The tides on Earth were also much stronger since the moon was closer to the Earth. 

The Moon’s Orbit

This Diagram shows us the movement of the Moon in our planet

Moon Phases Diagram

The New moon is when the moon is all dark. None of the moon that we can see is lit up during the new moon.A Crescent moon is when the moon is between the new and quarter moon stages. It looks like a "C" shape.The Quarter moon is when half of the moon is visible. If the moon is waxing, it is called the first quarter, if the moon is waning, it is the last quarterA Gibbous moon is between the quarter and full moon stages. More than half of the moon can be seen, but not all of it.The Full moon is when the moon is all lit up. All of the moon that we can see is lit up by the Sun during the full moon.A second full moon in one calendar month is usually called a blue moon. The saying "Once in a blue moon" refers to something that does not happen often - like a blue moon.[1][2]

There are 8 moon phases.

Names of the Moons Stages

Waxing is when the part of the moon that we can see gets bigger every night. It waxes until it is a full moon.Waning is when the moon appears to be getting smaller in size every night. It wanes until it is a new moon.

Moon Changes

↑ However, a blue moon can also refer to the third full moon in a season with four full moons.↑ Sinnott, Roger W., Donald W. Olson, and Richard Tresch Fienberg (May 1999). "What's a Blue Moon?". Sky & Telescope. Retrieved 2008-02-09. "The trendy definition of "blue Moon" as the second full Moon in a month is a mistake."

References of Blue Moon

The moon rises and sets every day, appearing on the horizon just like the sun. The time depends on the phase of the moon. It rises about 30 to 70 minutes later each day than the previous day, so the moon is out during daytime as often is it's out at night. At the time of the new moon, the moon rises at about the same time the sun rises, and it sets at about the same time the sun sets. As the days go by (as it waxes to become a crescent moon, a half moon, and a gibbous moon, on the way to a full moon), the moon rises during daytime (after the sun rises), rising later each day, and it sets at nighttime, setting later and later each night. At the full moon, the times of moonrise and moonset have advanced so that the moon rises about the same time the sun sets, and the moon sets at about the same time the sun rises. As the moon wanes (becoming a half moon and a crescent moon, on the way to a new moon), the moon rises during the night, after sunset, rising later each night. It then sets in the daytime, after the sun rises. Eventually, the moon rises so late at night that it's actually rising around sunrise, and it's setting around sunset. That's when it's a new moon once again. 

Moonrise from Earth

Now we finish the part,

interiors and mystery about the moon, now we can go to

our main topic

Moon PhasesThe Earth and moon are partially lighted at all times, but the moon is not always seen at full phase because of the location of the moon with respect to the Sun and Earth.  Observers standing on Earth see different phases of the moon or differing percents of of the lighted side of the moon.  There are eight different phases that an observer on Earth would see during one month.  They are, listed in order of appearance, New Moon, New Crescent, First Quarter, New Gibbous, Full Moon, Old Gibbous, Last Quarter, and Old Crescent. 

What is Phases of the Moon?

The New Moon is observed when the moonis directly in line with the Sun and Earth.  The moon is interfering with the lighted side of the Earth and therefore cannot be seen by an observer on Earth because the moon's dark side is facing Earth.  Occasionallythe moon's orbit will intersect the Earth's plane of revolution, which is called a node position and is in a perfect line between theEarth and the Sun.  When this occurs, a viewer on Earth will observethe Sun slowly disappear because the moon obscures the Sun from view. This unusual occurrence is called a solar eclipse.

The 1st Phase of the Moon

The Waxing Crescent phase is the second phase.  The New Crescent Moon appears approximately 2.66 days after the new moon (Alter, pg. 4). During this phase, the moon is still very close in line with the sun, there fore, by the time the sky is dark enough to see the moon it is very low in the west. 

The 2nd Phase of the Moon

the First Quarter moon is visible this means the moon is directly in line so that the Earth and moon both are getting the same amount of sunlight.  An observer from Earth sees a half moon, therefore, the moon's side that is facing the Sun is observedon Earth and the other half of the moon is facing away from the Sun and is unable to be seen from Earth.

The 3rd Phase of the Moon

Waxing gibbous, After the new moon, the sunlit portion is increasing, but less than half, so it is waxing crescent. After the first quarter, the sunlit portion is still increasing, but now it is more than half

The 4th Phase of the Moon

 full moon, the earth, moon, and sun are in approximate alignment, just as the new moon, but the moon is on the opposite side of the earth, so the entire sunlit part of the moon is facing us. The shadowed portion is entirely hidden from view.

The 5th Phase of the Moon

Waning gibbous, After the full moon (maximum illumination), the light continually decreases. So the waning gibbous phase occurs next

The 6th Phase of the Moon

The Third quarter and First quarter moons (both often called a "half moon"), happen when the moon is at a 90 degree angle with respect to the earth and sun. So we are seeing exactly half of the moon illuminated and half in shadow.

The 7th Phase of the Moon

Waning Crescent following the Third quarter. which wanes until the light is completely gone -- a new moon.

The 8th Phase of the Moon

End of the lesson, let’s have a Quiz!

I. Write True if the statement is correct if wrong write the correct answer.

1.) -The moon revolves around the Earth in about one month (27 days 6 hours). It rotates around its own axis in the same amount of time. The same side of the moon always faces the Earth; it is in a synchronous rotation with the Earth.

2.) -Moon has no water. 3.) -The moon has 8 phases. 4.) -A blue moon can also refer to the third full moon in a season with four full moons. 5.) -The moon was appearing in the horizon like the sun.

Quiz #1

1.)27 days and 8 hrs.2.)Moon has water3.)True4.)True5.)True

Answers on Quiz #1

End of our 1st Quiz, Now let’s

start our 2nd and last Quiz.

II. Identify the following words

1.) -the earth, moon, and sun are in approximate alignment, just as the new moon, but the moon is on the opposite side of the earth, so the entire sunlit part of the moon is facing us. The shadowed portion is entirely hidden from view.

2.) -following the Third quarter. which wanes until the light is completely gone -- a new moon.

3.) -is observed when the moon is directly in line with the Sun and Earth.  The moon is interfering with the lighted side of the Earth and therefore cannot be seen by an observer on Earth because the moon's dark side is facing Earth. 

4.) -appears approximately 2.66 days after the new moon. During this phase, the moon is still very close in line with the sun, there fore, by the time the sky is dark enough to see the moon it is very low in the west.

5.) -moon is visible this means the moon is directly in line so that the Earth and moon both are getting the same amount of sunlight.  An observer from Earth sees a half moon, therefore, the moon's side that is facing the Sun is observedon Earth and the other half of the moon is facing away from the Sun and is unable to be seen from Earth.

Quiz #2

1.)Full Moon2.)Waning Crescent3.)New Moon4.)Waxing Crescent5.)1st Quarter

Answers on Quiz #2

The End Thank you