School of the Built Environment Construction Technology D19SC Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 1 Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN - FLOORS,

Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 1

School of the Built Environment

Construction Technology D19SC

Unit 4

SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN -FLOORS, WALLS & BASEMENTS

Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 2

School of the Built Environment

Construction Technology D19SC

Floors, walls at substructure level and basements are at the interface between the ground under the building and the building interior.

Basic functional requirements are to be structurally sound and to provide a waterproof barrier between the ‘wet’ supporting ground and the dry interior of the building. Generally waterproofing barriers come in three forms.

1.DPCs Damp proof courses2.DPMs Damp proof membranes3.Tanking

Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 3

School of the Built Environment

Construction Technology D19SC

In addition structures below the ground may also need to withstand the horizontal pressure of the soil and sometimes water. In such situations the structure acts as a retaining wall.

At ground level, floors and their surrounding structures not only need to stop moisture entering the building and support the surrounding soil, but like foundations the floors need to be stable. Floors need to be able to support all applied loads without settlement.

Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 4

School of the Built Environment

Construction Technology D19SC

GROUND FLOORS

Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 5

School of the Built Environment

Construction Technology D19SCTypical suspended ground floor construction

Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 6

School of the Built Environment

Construction Technology D19SC

Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 7

School of the Built Environment

Construction Technology D19SC

Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 8

School of the Built Environment

Construction Technology D19SC

Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 9

School of the Built Environment

Construction Technology D19SC

Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 10

School of the Built Environment

Construction Technology D19SC

150mm

Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 11

School of the Built Environment

Construction Technology D19SC

Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 12

School of the Built Environment

Construction Technology D19SC

Pre-cast concrete ground floor with timber decking and insulation

Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 13

School of the Built Environment

Construction Technology D19SC

GROUND SUPPORTED SLABS

Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 14

School of the Built Environment

Construction Technology D19SC

GROUND SUPPORTED SLABS

Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 15

School of the Built Environment

Construction Technology D19SC

Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 16

School of the Built Environment

Construction Technology D19SC

Ground supported concrete slab withinsulation located below the screed

Ground supported concrete slab withinsulation located below the slab

Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 17

School of the Built Environment

Construction Technology D19SC

Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 18

School of the Built Environment

Construction Technology D19SC

Ground supported slab - with the feel of a suspended floor

Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 19

School of the Built Environment

Construction Technology D19SC

Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 20

School of the Built Environment

Construction Technology D19SC

Large area construction. In the background (left) a laser screed machine is spreading and levelling the concrete. To the right a dry shakefinish is being spread mechanically. In the foreground, the concrete placed several hours earlier is being finished by a power float and a ride-on power trowel.

Concrete industrial ground floors : Concrete Society

Larger ground supported floors

Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 21

School of the Built Environment

Construction Technology D19SC

Typical slab construction.

Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 22

School of the Built Environment

Construction Technology D19SC

Long strip construction, allowing access for levelling using a highway straightedge.

Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 23

School of the Built Environment

Construction Technology D19SC

Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 24

School of the Built Environment

Construction Technology D19SC

Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 25

School of the Built Environment

Construction Technology D19SC

Sawn free-movement joint.

Sawn restrained-movement joint (shown with fabric).

Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 26

School of the Built Environment

Construction Technology D19SC

Penetration of the floor slab

Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 27

School of the Built Environment

Construction Technology D19SC

BASEMENTS

Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 28

School of the Built Environment

Construction Technology D19SC

Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 29

School of the Built Environment

Construction Technology D19SC

Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 30

School of the Built Environment

Construction Technology D19SC

Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 31

School of the Built Environment

Construction Technology D19SC

Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 32

School of the Built Environment

Construction Technology D19SC

Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 33

School of the Built Environment

Construction Technology D19SC

Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 34

School of the Built Environment

Construction Technology D19SC

Unit 4 SUBSTRUCTURE DESIGN – WALLS FLOORS & BASEMENTS 35

School of the Built Environment

Construction Technology D19SC