THE METEOROLOGY OF THE 1913 FLOOD Sarah Jamison, Service Hydrologist National Weather Service Forecast Office Cleveland
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THE METEOROLOGY
OF THE 1913 FLOOD
Sarah Jamison, Service Hydrologist
National Weather Service Forecast Office Cleveland
• Storms of March 23-27th produced flooding over a thousand miles long and several hundred miles wide from Illinois to Connecticut.
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¼ of U.S. Population directly affected At the turn of the 20th century the Ohio Valley was the largest
producers of steel manufacturing, railroads, coal and natural gas
Heart of the Nation
Railroad Tracks 1900
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JD Rockefeller
Andrew Carnegie
State Capitals Inundated
Columbus, OH Albany, NY
Indianapolis, IN
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WEATHER RELATED FATALITIES OF MARCH 1913 Tornado Fatalities
Flood FatalitiesSevere Wind Fatalities
Source: National Weather Service Climate Records
Approximately 1,000
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Why was this event so catastrophic?
Dayton Ohio March 29, 1913
The Weather Bureau Offices in Detroit reported “A gale of unprecedented severity swept over southern Michigan. Buildings were razed, roofs blown off, chimneys toppled over, signs blown down, trees broken and uprooted, overhead wires prostrated, and several lives lost as a result of the storm’s fury.” Monthly Weather Summary, March 1913
March 23-Easter Sunday
Just before 6 p.m. local time on March 23rd, a strong tornado tore through an affluent part of Omaha, completely destroying hundreds of houses and displacing thousands. The tornado tracked for five miles through the heart of town with a width up to a ¼ mile. This resulted in 103 fatalities, 49 more in other tornadoes and storms in Nebraska and Iowa. Photo courtesy of the NOAA Photo Library
Reanalysis of 1913 Weather
Support for the Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project dataset is provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment (DOE INCITE) program, and Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER), and by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office
http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/cgibin/data/composites/
March 23, 1913
Image provided by the NOAA-ESRL Physical Sciences Division, Boulder Colorado from their Web site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/
March 23, 1913
Image provided by the NOAA-ESRL Physical Sciences Division, Boulder Colorado from their Web site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/
LH
March 23, 1913
53
40
33
26
20
47
MPH
Image provided by the NOAA-ESRL Physical Sciences Division, Boulder Colorado from their Web site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/
March 24, 1913
Image provided by the NOAA-ESRL Physical Sciences Division, Boulder Colorado from their Web site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/
March 24, 1913
Image provided by the NOAA-ESRL Physical Sciences Division, Boulder Colorado from their Web site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/
L
HLL
March 24, 1913
60
40
33
26
20
47
MPH
54
Image provided by the NOAA-ESRL Physical Sciences Division, Boulder Colorado from their Web site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/
March 24, 1913
1.6
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.2
Inches
1.4
Image provided by the NOAA-ESRL Physical Sciences Division, Boulder Colorado from their Web site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/
March 25, 1913
Image provided by the NOAA-ESRL Physical Sciences Division, Boulder Colorado from their Web site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/
March 25, 1913
Image provided by the NOAA-ESRL Physical Sciences Division, Boulder Colorado from their Web site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/
L
HL
H
March 25, 1913
Image provided by the NOAA-ESRL Physical Sciences Division, Boulder Colorado from their Web site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/
60
40
33
26
20
47
MPH
54
March 25, 1913
1.6
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.2
Inches
1.4
Image provided by the NOAA-ESRL Physical Sciences Division, Boulder Colorado from their Web site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/
March 26 ,1913
Image provided by the NOAA-ESRL Physical Sciences Division, Boulder Colorado from their Web site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/
L
H
March 26, 1913
Image provided by the NOAA-ESRL Physical Sciences Division, Boulder Colorado from their Web site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/
March 26, 1913
1.6
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
1.2
Inches
1.4
Image provided by the NOAA-ESRL Physical Sciences Division, Boulder Colorado from their Web site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/
March 27, 1913
Image provided by the NOAA-ESRL Physical Sciences Division, Boulder Colorado from their Web site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/
March 27, 1913
Image provided by the NOAA-ESRL Physical Sciences Division, Boulder Colorado from their Web site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/
LH
500-1000 Year Rain Event
Conclusion Largest natural disaster national had ever been
faced with. 1913 flood reshaped National perception on
governments role in flood control Flood policy has changed significantly expanding
across several agencies and jurisdictions 1913 flood a good reminder of what is possible Nothing to prevent the same weather pattern
from forming again. The biggest difference will be our ability to warn,
prepare, and react.
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