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# 2 (101) 25 Tebervali 2016 weli
saqarTvelos SoTa rusTavelis TeEatrisa da kinos saxelmwifo universitetis gazeTi #2 (101) 25 Tebervali 2016 weli
arqiteqturuli mimdinareoba goTika dasavleT evropaSi Sua saukuneebSi Camoyalibda. ukeT rom gavyveT mis fesvebs, goTikis akvans XII saukunis safrangeTSi vipoviT. am mimdinareobis warmoqmna, ra Tqma unda, TavisTavad ar momxdara. roca 1054 wels sqizmam mravali religiuri konfliqti moitana, xels Tan vaWrobis ganviTarebac moayola. ar gasula didi xani da Zalaufleba vaWrebma igdes xelSi. nel-nela qalaqebis aRmSenebloba daiwyo, sisxliani religiuri dapirispirebebi warsuls Cabarda da simSvidisa da Zlierebis sailustraciod „ZlierTa ama qveynisaTa“grandiozuli mSeneblobebi daiwyes... da daibada goTika!
goTikis sawyisebi romanul stilSi unda veZeboT. mkveTri xazis gavleba romanulsa da adreul goTikas Soris, metad rTulia, rac ar aris gasakviri, radgan goTika, rogorc arqiteqturuli mimdinareoba, fesvebs swored romanul stilSi idgams da mis ganviTarebas warmoadgens. TviT romanuli stili „bneli Sua saukuneebis“pirmSoa, riTic aixsneba misi daxvewili sisadave da gadaWarbebuli ubraloeba. zemoT aRwerili Sua saukuneebis evropis mdgomareoba naTels xdis, rom XII sauku-nidan romanuli stilidan goTikis war-moqmna alogikuri da TavisTavadi ar yofila da rom maTi Tvisobrivi gansxvavebebi gare
faqtorebis gavlenis Sedegia. gavida dro, goTikac axalfexadgmuli bavSvi aRar iyo da moaxerxa, romanulobis ZuZus mowyvetoda, misi gavlenisgan Tavi daeRwia da eTqva axali, ambiciuri da xmamaRali sityva Sua saukuneebis xelovnebis istoriaSi, ris dasturadac mxolod amienis RvTismSoblis sakaTedro taZaric kmara.
amienis RvTismSoblis sakaTedro taZari safrangeTSi, mdinare somis xeo-baSi mdebareobs. masze mwire werilobiTi wyaro mogvepoveba, radgan 1218 da 1258 wlebis xanZrebma taZris arqivic gaanadgura da TviTon kaTedralsac didi ziani miayena. marTalia, safrangeTSi moculobiT yvelaze did da maRal kaTedralze vsaubrobT, magram vis axsovs parametrebi, roca uyureb am taZars da xvdebi, rom goTikam Sua
saukuneebis bneli gvirabis bolos Suqi dainaxa da camde awvdili kaTedraliT TiTqos gviCvena, Tu rogori imediT iyo savse adamianuri suli zeciuri sasufevlis molodinSi. eqsterieri qvaze muSaobis iseTi saTuTi teqnikiTaa damuSavebuli, gegoneba maqmanebiTaa es kedlebi Semkulio. maSin, roca romanuli teZrebis fasadi sada da sufTa iyo, amienis kaTedralis kedlebi ulamazesi dekoraciebiiTaa dafaruli. fanjrebis raodenobiT didad ar gamoirCeva, magram mainc aRsaniSnavia, rom romanuli arqiteqturisgan gansxvavebiT, romelsac patara da viwro fanjrebi axasiaTebs, aq
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# 2 (101) 25 Tebervali 2016 weli
4 gv.
vxvdebiT grZel, maRal fanjrebs. erTs ori jobiao,- ase ifiqra, albaT, dalocvilma arqiteqtorma da amienis kaTedrals or mwkrivad SemoaWdo skulpturaTa wyeba centralur SesasvlelTa Tavze.
pirveli, rac goTikur stils romanulisagan ganasxvavebs, albaT, karis formaa. goTikaSi vxvdebiT e.w. wverwamaxul TaRebs. mas, romanulisgan gansxvavebiT, ar axasiaTebs mrgvali, rkalisebri TaRebi. xazi unda gaesvas amienis taZris sam Sesasvlels. samive „karibWe“ grandiozulia, TiTqos mouwodebs xalxs, movidnen da eziaron maTTvis TiTqos daumsaxurebel didebulebas. marto es maxasiaTebelia sakmarisi, rom goTikuri arqiteqtura romanulisgan ganvasxvaoT, romlisTvisac, umetes SemTxvevaSi, erTi, SedarebiT sada da mokrZalebuli karia damaxasiaTebeli. goTikuri taZris TaRi metad datvirTulia ornamentebiT Tu skulpturebiT, vidre romanulis; magram, am gansxvavebaTa miuxedavad, TiTqos, SesasvlelTa mowyoba Tvisobrivad mainc msgavsia.
ramdenime sityva unda iTqvas interierzec. rogorc yvela goTikur taZarSi, amienis kaTedralSic vxvdebiT kamarovan Wers, rac romanul nagebobebs ar axasiaTebT, sadac Weri brtyelia. es niSani arsebiTi gansxvavebaa am or stils
Soris. aseve unda aRiniSnos amienis taZris fanjaraTa morTuloba - moWiquli minebi. sakmarisia, mzis erTi sxivis moxvedra am fanjrebze da Suqis jadosnuri gardatexa iseTi haerovnebiT, zeciurobiT, mdidrulobiT da imavdroulad, sisadaviT avsebs taZars, rom martivi misaxvedria, - goTikurma Suqma „gamoiyvana“ romanuli stili „bneli Sua saukuneebidan“. magram, arafers aqvs mniSvneloba _ arc msgavsebas da arc gansxvavebas. faqti erTia: amienis kaTedraliT goTikam Seabija evropuli kulturis ojaxSi. vuyurebT am TaRebs, mi-nebs da fanjrebs da vxvdebiT, rom arsebobs raRac diadi da didi, Cemze da Senze didic. mas adamiani qmnis da Tu ver qmnis, tkbeba mainc misiT da cota xniT, daumsaxureblad magram, mainc, Tavs srulyofilad grZnobs. da am uzenaess xelovneba hqvia.
„xelovnebaa Tavad ukvdaveba“ _ vkiTxulobT „didostatis marjvenaSi“ da xvdebiT, rom amienzec dauweria konstantines.
davesesxebi milanis sakaTedro taZars da davasruleb:
codnas moiTxovs da Tu ginda, rom am sferoSi warmatebuli gaxde, maSin aucileblad unda gqodnes Seni patara samyaro, romelsac yoveli axali scenaris gacnobisas axali feri Seemateba. Seni personaluri samyaro, sadac filmebis Seqmnamdec ki, ukve mTeli ambavi moTxrobili iqneba da romelsac reJisoric dainaxavs.
gvanca gadelia
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# 2 (101) 25 Tebervali 2016 weli
„maxinjebi“ – yvelaze saSineli filmi uaryofil da aranormalur
sazogadoebaze
1932 wels ekranze gamovida tod brauningis filmi „maxinjebi“. „yvelaze saSineli filmi uaryofil da aranormalur sazogadoebaze“gamosvlisTanave moeqca presis yuradRebis centrSi.
filmis moqmedeba cirkSi xdeba. fizikurad maxinji adamianebi da „normaluri“ garegnobis mqoneni erT did ojaxad cxovroben da rogorc finalSi irkveva aravis patieben ojaxis wevris Seuracxyofas. cirkis xelmZRvanel juja hanss sabediswero lamazmani, akrobati kleopatra Seuyvardeba da colad moiyvans. kleopatras, hansisgan gansxvavebiT, angareba amoZravebs, sakuTari meuRlis mowamvla da misi qonebis xelSi Cagdeba aqvs gadawyvetili. gegmis ganxorcielebaSi sayvareli exmareba. cirkis „maxinj“ wevrebTan dapirispireba kleopatrasTvis cudad mTavrdeba – is yvelaze Zvirfass, Tavis silamazes kargavs da isic, erT-erT „maxinjad“ gadaiqceva.
msaxiobebis fizikurma arasrulfasovnebam didi interesi gamoiwvia. gazeTebi aWrelda saTaurebiT : „marTla SeuZlia Tu ara srulfasovan qals Seiyvaros juja?“ „aqvT Tu ara sasiyvarulo aqti siamis tyupebs? „ra sqesisaa naxevrad qali da naxevrad kaci?“ da a.S. interesi „maxinjebis“ mimarT gamZafrebuli iyo imiT, rom maT rolebs ara grim wasmuli msaxiobebi, aramed fizikurad maxinji adamianebi asrulebdnen. reJisorma mTel amerikaSi Sekriba sxvadasxva cirkis cnobili artisti: „cocxali torsi“, adamianebi kidurebis gareSe, pit robinsoni, „cocxali ConCxi“, olga roderiki, „wveriani qali“, marta morisi, „uxelo adamiani“, „naxevradqali-naxevradkaci“ da sxvebi. jer kidev gadaRebis procesSi maTTan muSaobis problema Seiqmna. MGM-is TanamSromlebi Ciodnen, rom ar SeeZloT amdeni fizikuri gadaxris mqone adamianis yureba da gadaRebebis
Sewyvetas moiTxovdnen. es damokidebuleba kinosuraTis gamosvlis Semdgomac gagrZelda. 30-iani wlebis mayurebli ar iyo mzad ekranze asaxuli aseTi realobis misaRebad. filmis msvlelobisas xalxi darbazidan yviriliT garboda. aRsaniSnavia isic, „maxinjebi“ MGM-ma gaqiravebidan ori kviris Semdeg moxsna, mizezad _ dabali Semosavali dasaxelda.
brauningi yvelanairad cdilobda filmis gadarCenas. ramdenime alternatiuli finalic ki gadaiRo, maT Soris erTi – bednieri dasasruliT. Tumca, mcdeloba uSedego aRmoCnda. „maxinjebi“ amerikis umetes qalaqSi da did britaneTSi aikrZala. atlantis cenzuris komisiam films „amazrzeni, uxamsi da groteskuli~ uwoda. filmis finansuri kraxi brauningisTvis karieris dasasruls moaswavebda. amis Semdeg man mxolod oTxi filmis gadaReba moaxerxa.
filmi „maxinjebi“ 60-ian wlebSi avangardulma kinematografma xelaxla aRmoaCina. 1962 wels veneciis kinofestivalze suraTi saSinelebaTa filmebis nusxaSi moxvda. presaSi saqebarma sityvebmac ar daayovna. brauningis films TanagrZnobiT savse istoria uwodes. 1967 wels kinosuraTi niu-iorkis Tanamedrove xelovnebis muzeumSi aCvenes mayurebels. erTi wlis Semdeg ki kompania MGM. UA Home Video-m kompaniis direqtoris, luis b. maieris mier kinogaqiravebidan amoRebuli filmi, siamayiT gauSva ekranebze. mayureblisTvis 30-ian wlebSi miuRebeli sanaxaoba wlebis Semdeg istoriaSi Sevida, da iseTi filmebis prologad iqca, rogorebicaa: `maxinjebze da adamianebze~ (aleqsei balabanovi) `adamiani spilo~ (devid linCi) , „Txunela“ da sxva.
SegviZlia dRes Tamamad vTqvaT, rom arasrulfasovani garegnobis adamianebi sazogadoebam miiRo? gaxdnen isini sazogadoebis sruluflebiani wevrebi, Tu `Tavisufleba~, `siyvaruli~ da `erTianoba~ mxolod sityvebia da „maxinjebi“, rogorc cxovrebaSi, ise ekranze, kvlav usiamovno grZnobebs iwveven?