Santrock essentials 3e_ppt_ch12

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SOCIOEMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN EARLY ADULTHOOD

12

ESSENTIALS OF LIFE-SPAN DEVELOPMENTJOHN W. SANTROCK

3e


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CHAPTER OUTLINE

• Stability and change from childhood to adulthood• Love and close relationships• Adult lifestyles• Challenges in marriage, parenting, and divorce• Gender, communication, and relationships


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STABILITY AND CHANGE FROM CHILDHOOD TO ADULTHOOD

• Experiences in the early adult years important in determining what the individual is like later in adulthood• Unfolding of social relationships and emotions not to be

ignored• Attachment appears during infancy and plays an

important part in socioemotional development


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STABILITY AND CHANGE FROM CHILDHOOD TO ADULTHOOD

• Attachment• Secure attachment style: Have a positive view of

relationships and find it easy to get close to others• Avoidant attachment style: Are hesitant about getting

involved in romantic relationships• Anxious attachment style: Demand closeness, are less

trusting, more emotional, jealous, and possessive


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LOVE AND CLOSE RELATIONSHIPS

• Intimacy• Friendship• Romantic and affectionate love• Consummate love


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• Intimacy• Self-disclosure and the sharing of private thoughts• Erikson’s stage: Intimacy versus isolation• Intimacy is finding oneself while losing oneself in another person• Failure to achieve intimacy results in social isolation

• Intimacy and independence• Balance between intimacy and commitment, and

independence and freedom

• Friendship• Gender differences in friendships• Friendships between women and men


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• Romantic and affectionate love• Romantic love: Passionate love, or eros• Strong components of sexuality and infatuation

• Affectionate love: Companionate love• Desires to have the other person near

• Based on a deep and caring affection• Consummate love: Strongest form of love


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FIGURE 12.1 - STERNBERG’S TRIANGLE OF LOVE


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ADULT LIFESTYLES

• Single adults• Cohabiting adults• Married adults• Divorced adults• Remarried adults• Gay and lesbian adults


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ADULT LIFESTYLES

• Single adults• Stereotypes associated with being single range from:• “Swinging single” to the “desperately lonely, suicidal” single

• Common problems• Forming intimate relationships with other adults• Confronting loneliness• Finding a place in a society that is marriage-oriented


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ADULT LIFESTYLES

• Advantages• Having time to make decisions about one’s life course• Time to develop personal resources to meet goals• Freedom to make autonomous decisions • Pursue one’s own schedule and interests • Opportunities to explore new places and try out new things • Privacy


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ADULT LIFESTYLES

• Cohabiting adults• Living together in a sexual relationship without being

married• Reasons for cohabiting• Spend time together• Share expenses• Evaluate compatibility

• Lower marital satisfaction and increased likelihood of divorce


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FIGURE 12.2 - THE INCREASE IN COHABITATION IN THE UNITED

STATES


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ADULT LIFESTYLES

• Married adults• Marital trends• Marriage rates in the U.S. have declined in recent years• In 2011, the U.S. average age for a first marriage climbed to 28.7

years for men and 26.5 years for women• Marriage in adolescence is more likely to end in divorce

• Benefits of a good marriage• Happily married people live longer, healthier lives• Feel less physical and emotional stress


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FIGURE 12.3 - PERCENTAGE OF MARRIED PERSONS AGE 18 AND OLDER WITH “VERY HAPPY”

MARRIAGES


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ADULT LIFESTYLES

• Divorced adults• Factors• Youthful marriage• Low educational level• Low income level• Not having a religious affiliation• Having divorced parents• Having a baby before marriage


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FIGURE 12.4 - THE DIVORCE RATE IN RELATION TO NUMBER OF YEARS MARRIED


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ADULT LIFESTYLES

• Remarried adults• Remarriage occurs sooner for partners who initiate a

divorce• More unstable than first marriages• Have higher rates of depression but improved financial

status


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ADULT LIFESTYLES

• Gay and lesbian adults• Are similar to heterosexual relationships in satisfactions and

conflicts• Misconceptions:• Masculine/feminine roles are relatively uncommon• Small segment of the gay male population has a large number

of sexual partners• Gay male couples have an open relationship while lesbian

couples usually do not


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CHALLENGES IN MARRIAGE, PARENTING, AND DIVORCE

• Making marriage work• Becoming a parent• Dealing with divorce


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• Making marriage work• 7 principles of a working marriage• Establishing love maps• Nurturing fondness and admiration• Turning toward each other instead of away• Letting your partner influence you• Creating shared meaning


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• Becoming a parent• For many young adults, parental roles are:• Well planned• Coordinated with other roles in life• Developed with the individual’s economic situation in mind

• For others, the discovery that they are about to become parents is a startling surprise


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• Becoming a parent• Trends in childbearing• By giving birth to fewer children and reducing the demands of

child care, women free up a significant portion of their life spans for other endeavors

• As working women increase in number, they invest less actual time in the child’s development

• Men are apt to invest a greater amount of time in fathering• Parental care is often supplemented by institutional care


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• Dealing with divorce• Divorced adults:• Difficulty in trusting someone else in a romantic relationship


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• Strategies for divorced adults • Thinking of divorce as a chance to grow personally and to

develop more positive relationships• Making decisions carefully• Focusing more on the future than the past• Using your strengths and resources to cope with difficulties• Not expecting to be successful and happy in everything you do


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GENDER, COMMUNICATION, AND RELATIONSHIPS

• Two ways of communications • Rapport talk: Language of conversation• Way of establishing connections and negotiating relationships

• Report talk: Talk that is designed to give information• Includes public speaking

Santrock essentials 3e_ppt_ch12

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