San Diego, California · Technical Workshops | Esri International User Conference San Diego, California Designing an Enterprise GIS Security Strategy Michael E Young July 26, 2012

Technical Workshops |

Esri International User Conference San Diego, California

Designing an Enterprise

GIS Security Strategy Michael E Young

July 26, 2012

Agenda

• Introduction

• Strategy

• Trends

• Mechanisms

• ArcGIS Server

• Mobile

• Cloud

• Compliance

Introduction

- Michael E Young

- Esri Principal Security Architect

- Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP)

Introduction What is a secure GIS?

Introduction Sign in Japan Narita Airport - May 2011

Context is key for identifying the appropriate secure GIS

solution for your organization

Introduction What is “The” Answer?

Risk

Impact

Introduction Where Are the Vulnerabilities?

* SANS Relative Vulnerabilities

Strategy

Strategy

• Identify your Security Needs

- Assess your environment

- Datasets, Systems

- Sensitivity, Categorization

• Understand Security Options

- Enterprise GIS Resource Center

- Enterprise-wide Security Mechanisms

- Application Specific Options

- Utilize patterns

• Implement Security as a Business Enabler

- Improve appropriate availability of information

Strategy Enterprise GIS Security Strategy

Security Risk Management Process Diagram - Microsoft

Strategy Esri’s Security Strategy Evolution

Product

Enterprise Solution

Isolated Systems

3rd Party Security

Integrated Systems

Embedded Security

Cloud

Managed Security

Strategy Esri Products and Solutions

• Secure Products

- Trusted geospatial services

- Individual to organizations

- Extending validation

• Secure Enterprise Guidance

- Enterprise Resource Center

- Patterns

- Online Help

• Secure Solution Management

- SaaS Functions & Controls

- ArcGIS Online Security Overview

Strategy Expanded Security Online Help and Papers

Strategy Security Implementation Patterns

• Risk based

• 3 categories / NIST alignment

• Selection process

- Formal – NIST 800-60

- Informal

To prioritize information security and privacy initiatives, organizations must

assess their business needs and risks

Strategy Security Principles

• CIA Security Triad

• Defense in Depth

Strategy Defense in Depth

TechnicalControls

PolicyControls

Physical Controls

Data and

Assets

Authentication

Authorization

Encryption

Filters

Logging

Trends

Trends Perception

• End-User Perception

- I don’t ever hear about Virus issues in our company anymore

• Reality

- Modern attacks are not as much about being visible

- Layers of exploits deployed

- Goal is to obtain your company’s most value information

Trends Modern Attack

Don’t rely on Anti-Virus and Firewalls Alone to Protect Your Organization

Websense

2012 Threat Report

Trends Reverse Proxy’s Need to Be Maintained

• Apache Reverse Proxy Exploit – Oct 2011

• Allows unauthenticated access to information that should be confidential

• Commonly overlooked component for updates

CVE-2011-3368

Update Your Reverse Proxy!

Trends End of Browser Plug-ins?

• Migration away from Flash and Silverlight Plug-ins

• Security experts ready to unload plug-ins

• HTML5 limitation inconsistencies across browsers slowing migration

Trends Mobile Security

• iPhone Twitter PII compromised

• Mobile device data not secure by default

Enterprise Mobile Security Solutions can help

Trends Cloud

• Data breeches of 2011

- #1 Sony – PlayStation Cloud

- 100+ mill

- #2 Epsilon – Email Cloud

- 60+ mill

- #6 Nasdaq – Dashboard Cloud

- 10k+ Sr. Execs

*http://informationweek.com/news/security/attacks/232301079

An Enterprise Security Strategy can help through cloud data mitigation controls

and cloud security policies

Trends Events over the last month

• US loses $250 billion annually in IP theft

• $338 billion annually in financial theft

• Result of cyber espionage is the "greatest transfer

of wealth in history."

Mechanisms

Mechanisms

Mechanisms Authentication

• Pre-10.1 Options

- Web Traffic via HTTP

1. Web Services

2. Web Applications

- Intranet Traffic via DCOM

3. Local Connections

Mechanisms Authentication

Access

Restricted

Authentication

Method Description Encryption

Web Service or

Web Application

None Default Internet Connections N/A

Basic

Digest

Windows Integrated

Browser built-in pop-up logon Basic None,

unless using SSL

Java EE Container Web container challenge Container

Managed

PKI / Smartcards Public key certificate* PKI Managed

Web

Application

Only

.NET Form-based Custom login and error pages. None,

unless using SSL

Java ArcGIS Managed ArcGIS Server provides login None,

unless using SSL

Web Service

Only Esri Token Cross Platform, Cross API AES-128bit

Local DCOM

(Gone in 10.1) Windows Integrated

OS Groups

AGSUser. AGSAdmin OS Managed

*PKI / Smartcard Validation Environment Recently Stood up

Mechanisms Authorization – Role Based Access Control

• Esri COTS

- Assign access with ArcGIS Manager

- Service Level Authorization across web interfaces

- Services grouped in folders utilizing inheritance

• 3rd Party

- RDBMS – Row Level or Feature Class Level

- Versioning with Row Level degrades RDBM performance

- Alternative - SDE Views

• Custom - Limit GUI

- Rich Clients via ArcObjects

- Web Applications

- Sample code Links in ERC

- Microsoft’s AzMan tool

Mechanisms Filters – 3rd Party Options

• Firewalls

• Reverse Proxy

• Web Application Firewall

- Open Source option ModSecurity

• Anti-Virus Software

• Intrusion Detection / Prevention Systems

• Limit applications able to access geodatabase

Mechanisms Filters – Firewall Friendly Scenario

• Web Application Firewall in DMZ

• File Geodatabase (FGDB) in DMZ

• One-way replication via HTTP(s)

• Deployed to each web server for performance

• Internet users access to subset of Geodatabase

• Same replication model could be used to push data to cloud

WAF

Intranet DMZ

Database

Web

GIS

HTTP

DCOM

SQL

Use

Author &

Publish FGDB

Web

GIS

Internet

HTTP

HTTP

Mechanisms Filters

• Why no Reverse Proxy in DMZ?

- One-off component / no management, minimal filtering

• Multi-Function Web Service Gateways

- Store SSL Certificates / SSL Acceleration

- URL Rewrite

- Web Application Firewall

External Internal

DM

Z

Mechanisms Encryption – 3rd Party Options

• Network

- IPSec (VPN, Internal Systems)

- SSL (Internal and External System)

- Cloud Encryption Gateways

- Only encrypted datasets sent to cloud

• File Based

- Operating System – BitLocker

- GeoSpatially enabled PDF’s combined with Certificates

- Hardware (Disk)

• RDBMS

- Transparent Data Encryption

- Low Cost Portable Solution - SQL Express 2008 w/TDE

Mechanisms Logging/Auditing

• Esri COTS

- Geodatabase history

- May be utilized for tracking changes

- ArcGIS Workflow Manager

- Track Feature based activities

- ArcGIS Server 10+ Logging

- “User” tag tracks user requests

• 3rd Party

- Web Server, RDBMS, OS, Firewall

- Consolidate with a SIEM

ArcGIS Server

ArcGIS Server Public Facing Architecture

WEB

WAF

Web Adaptor Reverse Proxy

WEB

SvrDir DBMS SvrDir

DMZ

Private

Public

10 10.1

DBMS

GIS Server

DBclient

SOM

SOC

DBclient

DC

OM

H

TT

P(s

) S

QL

H

TT

P(s

)

HT

TP

(s)

SQ

L

HT

TP

(s)

GIS Server

http://host/arcgis/rest

OS Service Acct

Primary Site Admin Acct

Config Store

Server Directories

ArcGIS Server Site

IIS or Apache

Web Adaptor

• Goodbye DCOM issues!

• Token Security enabled by default

• Added Publisher Role

• AGSAdmin / AGSUser OS Roles dropped

• All tier capabilities installed by default

- Web, application, data

- Ready to run developer platform

• Deploy Web Adapter to web server for production

• Editor feature service tracking

- Owner based control

• Integrated Security Model still available

• Administrator API

ArcGIS Server 10.1 Changes

ArcGIS Server 10.1 Deployment

Want to know more about ArcGIS Server 10.1 Security?

Checkout: 3:15-4:30pm - Building Secure Applications – Room 32B

Mobile

Mobile Just Secure the Web Service Endpoints, Right?

Mobile OWASP Top 10 Mobile Issues

Issue Solution Question

Physical Loss Device Security Options?

Malicious App What app stores allowed?

Rooted Device Encryption/Strength?

Patches How enforced?

Insecurely Written App How is code tested?

Compromised Password How secured/encrypted?

Unprotected Transport TLS/SSL Utilized?

Weak Session Management Tokens always passed?

Unprotected Services Hardening Guidance?

Internal Resource Access VPN Options?

Mobile Phone Security

ArcGIS Mobile Security Touch Points

Communication

Service

authorization

Device

access

Project

access

Data

access

Server

authentication SDE

permissions Storage

Mobile Enterprise Mobile Security

• Built-in device capabilities

- Can store features iOS5 encrypted with Flex 3.0 API

• Enterprise device solutions (InTune, AirWatch, Good, MaaS360)

- Benefits: Secure email, browser, remote wipe, app distribution

• Application specific solutions

- Benefits: Secure connections and offline device data

- Esri iOS SDK + Security SDK

Cloud

Cloud Is cloud right for you?

• Common deployment delays

- Analysis paralysis

- Complex Proof-of-Concepts (POC)

- Technical details primary focus

- Security & performance

- Cost predictability concerns

• What type of cloud

- Deployment model (where it’s located)

- Service model (How much it does)

Cloud Responsibility across cloud service models

• IaaS

- ArcGIS Server for Amazon

- CSP -> Infrastructure

- Cust -> CSP Config, OS, Apps

• SaaS

- ArcGIS Online

- CSP -> Infrastructure

- Esri -> CSP Config, OS, Apps

- Cust -> App Config

Cloud Deployment models

Cloud SaaS Deployment options

• Three ArcGIS Online patterns

1. Store data and publish service to cloud

2. Only publish service metadata to cloud

3. Deploy solution on-premises

Cloud Amazon

Cloud Going Beyond 1 Tier in Amazon

Cloud IaaS - ArcGIS Server in Amazon – Deployment Options

• Ease deployment

- New Cloud Builder 10.1 Tool

- Default not hardened

• Offload management (Cloud Broker Role)

- Esri Managed Services

• Hardened instances

- GeoCloud – GSA / FGDC Initiative

- Security hardened AMI

- Shared security certification focus this year

Cloud IaaS – Common security issues

1. Access to ports not limited

- If you utilize the default image and open RDP to all IP

addresses, expect to be compromised in as little as a day

2. System patches not applied

- There have been a number of significant RDP vulnerabilities

3. Authentication weak

- Multi-factor authentication recommended

- Check out AWS Virtual MFA for a free option

4. System not hardened

- Turn off/uninstall components you don’t use

- Utilize built-in capabilities such as NLA for RDP

Cloud SaaS - ArcGIS online for Organizations

• Organization administrator options

- Require SSL encryption

- Allow anonymous access to org site

• Consume Token secured ArcGIS Server services

- 10 SP1 and later

- User name and password prompts upon adding the service

to a map, and viewing

• Transparency

- Status.ArcGIS.com

• Upcoming

- Federated Identities (SAML/ADFS)

Compliance and Standards

Compliance

• FDCC

- Desktop products 9.3-10

• USGCB

- Desktop products 10.1 – Almost completed

• SSAE 16 Type 1 – Previously SAS 70

- Esri data center operations

- Expanding to Managed Services for 2012

• FISMA

- ArcGIS Online – In progress

Summary & Next Steps

Summary

• Security is NOT about just a technology

- Understand your organizations GIS risk level

- Utilize Defense-In-Depth

• Secure best practice guidance is available

- Check out the Enterprise GIS Resource Center!

- Drill into details by mechanism or application type

Summary & Next Steps

• Your feedback and insight today is essential

- Current security issues

- Upcoming security requirements

- Areas of concern not addressed today

Contact Us At:

Enterprise Security [email protected]

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