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Wet Chemistry and Wet Chemistry and SpectrophotometrySpectrophotometry(Continued)(Continued)
Colorimetry (Cont’d)Examples (Ozone, NO2, Formaldehyde)Samples vs. Standard Curves and Regression EquationsVisible light and UV Light
FluorimetricFluorimetric AnalysisAnalysis
Analytes reacted with fluorescent dyesFluorescence proportional to ConcentrationQuite Specific to the AnalyteVery sensitive (and Low Detection Limits)Instruments designed to ignore incident radiation but to sense fluorescence radiation
Sample InjectionPrecision Gas Flow Control with Minimum Volume Injection Columns (determine separations)Detectors (respond to classes of compounds)Temperature, Pressure and Flow Control
Characteristics of ChromatogramsCharacteristics of Chromatograms
Strip Chart or Integration by ComputerAnalog Plots of Detector Response vs. TimeRetention Times (Characteristic of Compounds)Quantitation by Peak Height or AreaComputer Integration and Control
Form and Calculation of Results: Standards Relative to Samples
Response is proportional to ConcentrationStandard curve or Regression Curve is prepared from the response of a series of standard concentrationsConcentration of Sample is calculated from the comparison to the standard cuurve.
High Pressure Liquid ChromatographyHigh Pressure Liquid Chromatography
SolventsLiquid medium for analytes transport through ColumnSolvent characteristics can determine the resolution of the compoundsProgramming of solvent mixtuures is used to improve separation and resolution of complex mixtures
High Pressure Liquid ChromatographyHigh Pressure Liquid Chromatography
Integrated ResultsAnalog ChromatogramsPeak areas proportional to concentrationRetention times characteistic of specific compounds
Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy, (Perkins pg. 374)
Used for Identification and Quantitation of Trace ContaminantsCombination of GC and Mass Selective DetectionRole in Complex Mixtures
GC/MS
Mass SpectraFragmentation of Organic Molecules into Recognizable FractionsCharacteristic and Unique for Each CompoundNature of Mass SpectraLibraries of Spectra and Computer Matching