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Sahiwal Tharparkar Genotypic Frequencies of Indian Dairy Cattle AA = 0.031 AB = 0.276 BB = 0.693 AA = 0.023 AB = 0.733 BB = 0.244 What are the allelic.

Dec 19, 2015

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Page 1: Sahiwal Tharparkar Genotypic Frequencies of Indian Dairy Cattle AA = 0.031 AB = 0.276 BB = 0.693 AA = 0.023 AB = 0.733 BB = 0.244 What are the allelic.
Page 2: Sahiwal Tharparkar Genotypic Frequencies of Indian Dairy Cattle AA = 0.031 AB = 0.276 BB = 0.693 AA = 0.023 AB = 0.733 BB = 0.244 What are the allelic.
Page 3: Sahiwal Tharparkar Genotypic Frequencies of Indian Dairy Cattle AA = 0.031 AB = 0.276 BB = 0.693 AA = 0.023 AB = 0.733 BB = 0.244 What are the allelic.

Sahiwal

Page 4: Sahiwal Tharparkar Genotypic Frequencies of Indian Dairy Cattle AA = 0.031 AB = 0.276 BB = 0.693 AA = 0.023 AB = 0.733 BB = 0.244 What are the allelic.

Tharparkar

Page 5: Sahiwal Tharparkar Genotypic Frequencies of Indian Dairy Cattle AA = 0.031 AB = 0.276 BB = 0.693 AA = 0.023 AB = 0.733 BB = 0.244 What are the allelic.

Genotypic Frequencies of Indian Dairy Cattle

AA = 0.031AB = 0.276BB = 0.693

AA = 0.023AB = 0.733BB = 0.244

What are the allelic frequencies of each breed?

Page 6: Sahiwal Tharparkar Genotypic Frequencies of Indian Dairy Cattle AA = 0.031 AB = 0.276 BB = 0.693 AA = 0.023 AB = 0.733 BB = 0.244 What are the allelic.

Allelic Frequencies of Indian Dairy Cattle

A = 0.17B = 0.83

A = 0.15B = 0.49

What are the expected genotypic frequencies of each breed?

Page 7: Sahiwal Tharparkar Genotypic Frequencies of Indian Dairy Cattle AA = 0.031 AB = 0.276 BB = 0.693 AA = 0.023 AB = 0.733 BB = 0.244 What are the allelic.

Expected Genotypic Frequencies of Indian Dairy Cattle

ExpectedAA = 0.029AB = 0.282BB = 0.689

How do you interpret these results?

ExpectedAA = 0.023AB = 0.150BB = 0.244

ObservedAA = 0.031AB = 0.276BB = 0.693

ObservedAA = 0.023AB = 0.733BB = 0.244

Page 8: Sahiwal Tharparkar Genotypic Frequencies of Indian Dairy Cattle AA = 0.031 AB = 0.276 BB = 0.693 AA = 0.023 AB = 0.733 BB = 0.244 What are the allelic.

Cavener & Clegg, 1981

Page 9: Sahiwal Tharparkar Genotypic Frequencies of Indian Dairy Cattle AA = 0.031 AB = 0.276 BB = 0.693 AA = 0.023 AB = 0.733 BB = 0.244 What are the allelic.
Page 10: Sahiwal Tharparkar Genotypic Frequencies of Indian Dairy Cattle AA = 0.031 AB = 0.276 BB = 0.693 AA = 0.023 AB = 0.733 BB = 0.244 What are the allelic.
Page 11: Sahiwal Tharparkar Genotypic Frequencies of Indian Dairy Cattle AA = 0.031 AB = 0.276 BB = 0.693 AA = 0.023 AB = 0.733 BB = 0.244 What are the allelic.
Page 12: Sahiwal Tharparkar Genotypic Frequencies of Indian Dairy Cattle AA = 0.031 AB = 0.276 BB = 0.693 AA = 0.023 AB = 0.733 BB = 0.244 What are the allelic.

Elena/Lenski experiment

• Science, 1996

Page 13: Sahiwal Tharparkar Genotypic Frequencies of Indian Dairy Cattle AA = 0.031 AB = 0.276 BB = 0.693 AA = 0.023 AB = 0.733 BB = 0.244 What are the allelic.

-Elena , Cooper & Lenski, Science, 1996

Page 14: Sahiwal Tharparkar Genotypic Frequencies of Indian Dairy Cattle AA = 0.031 AB = 0.276 BB = 0.693 AA = 0.023 AB = 0.733 BB = 0.244 What are the allelic.

14

Page 15: Sahiwal Tharparkar Genotypic Frequencies of Indian Dairy Cattle AA = 0.031 AB = 0.276 BB = 0.693 AA = 0.023 AB = 0.733 BB = 0.244 What are the allelic.

Modes of SelectionModes of Selection

Page 16: Sahiwal Tharparkar Genotypic Frequencies of Indian Dairy Cattle AA = 0.031 AB = 0.276 BB = 0.693 AA = 0.023 AB = 0.733 BB = 0.244 What are the allelic.

Mukai & Burdick, 1959

Page 17: Sahiwal Tharparkar Genotypic Frequencies of Indian Dairy Cattle AA = 0.031 AB = 0.276 BB = 0.693 AA = 0.023 AB = 0.733 BB = 0.244 What are the allelic.
Page 18: Sahiwal Tharparkar Genotypic Frequencies of Indian Dairy Cattle AA = 0.031 AB = 0.276 BB = 0.693 AA = 0.023 AB = 0.733 BB = 0.244 What are the allelic.

Kuru - a prion disease

Page 19: Sahiwal Tharparkar Genotypic Frequencies of Indian Dairy Cattle AA = 0.031 AB = 0.276 BB = 0.693 AA = 0.023 AB = 0.733 BB = 0.244 What are the allelic.

Pr(normal)

Pc(misfolded)

Page 20: Sahiwal Tharparkar Genotypic Frequencies of Indian Dairy Cattle AA = 0.031 AB = 0.276 BB = 0.693 AA = 0.023 AB = 0.733 BB = 0.244 What are the allelic.

Kuru - a prion diseaseObserved Genotypic Freq. in South Fore’

MM = 0.221MV = 0.514VV = 0.264

Obs. Genotypic Frq. in

South Fore’ Cannibals

MM = 0.133MV = 0.767VV = 0.1

• Hedrick, Science, 2003

Page 21: Sahiwal Tharparkar Genotypic Frequencies of Indian Dairy Cattle AA = 0.031 AB = 0.276 BB = 0.693 AA = 0.023 AB = 0.733 BB = 0.244 What are the allelic.

Other overdominance examples

• Sickle cell anemia• Warfarin resistance in rats• Transferrin genotypes in pigeons• MHC class II

Page 22: Sahiwal Tharparkar Genotypic Frequencies of Indian Dairy Cattle AA = 0.031 AB = 0.276 BB = 0.693 AA = 0.023 AB = 0.733 BB = 0.244 What are the allelic.
Page 23: Sahiwal Tharparkar Genotypic Frequencies of Indian Dairy Cattle AA = 0.031 AB = 0.276 BB = 0.693 AA = 0.023 AB = 0.733 BB = 0.244 What are the allelic.

Modes of SelectionModes of Selection

Page 24: Sahiwal Tharparkar Genotypic Frequencies of Indian Dairy Cattle AA = 0.031 AB = 0.276 BB = 0.693 AA = 0.023 AB = 0.733 BB = 0.244 What are the allelic.

Modes of SelectionModes of Selection

Page 25: Sahiwal Tharparkar Genotypic Frequencies of Indian Dairy Cattle AA = 0.031 AB = 0.276 BB = 0.693 AA = 0.023 AB = 0.733 BB = 0.244 What are the allelic.

Campanula americana(Tall Bellflower)

• Galloway & Etterson, J. Evol. Biol. 2003

Page 26: Sahiwal Tharparkar Genotypic Frequencies of Indian Dairy Cattle AA = 0.031 AB = 0.276 BB = 0.693 AA = 0.023 AB = 0.733 BB = 0.244 What are the allelic.

Diopsids - Stalk-eyed Flies (Cyrtodiopsis dalmanni)

•Wilkinson, Amitin & Johns Integr. Comp. Biol., 2005

Page 27: Sahiwal Tharparkar Genotypic Frequencies of Indian Dairy Cattle AA = 0.031 AB = 0.276 BB = 0.693 AA = 0.023 AB = 0.733 BB = 0.244 What are the allelic.

Negative Frequency-dependent Selection

Frequency of yellow morph