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Słupskie Prace Biologiczne
Nr 13 ss. 317-330 2016
ISSN 1734-0926 Przyjęto: 7.11.2016
© Instytut Biologii i Ochrony Środowiska Akademii Pomorskiej w Słupsku Zaakceptowano: 16.01.2017
THE INFLUENCE OF HUNGARIAN HORSES
ON THE GENOTYPE FORMATION OF UKRAINIAN
WARMBLOOD BREED
Iryna Tkachova
National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine Institute of Animal Sciences 7 Gvardeyskoi Armii St., 3
Kharkiv 61026, Ukraine e-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Hungarian horse breeds – Furioso-North Star, Hidran and Nonius had a great influ-
ence on the formation of genotype of Ukrainian warmblood breed. They were the basis
on which later influenced by crosses with the best European sporting breeds Ukrainian
warmblood breed was formed. The aim of the research was the detailed analysis of the
impact of the Hungarian trophy horses on the formation of Ukrainian warmblood
breed. It is necessary for population-genetic analysis of modern population of Ukraini-
an warmblood breed and identifies ways to further improve its genealogical patterns of
selection traits, the development of advanced breeding programmes. The results of the
studies included in the monograph “Ukrainian warmblood breed” (Volkov et al. 2015).
Research has shown, what was the impact of Hungarian breeds in the formation of the
Ukrainian warmblood breed. Determined the genotypes of horses on the basis of the
Hungarian breeds, which amounted to the bulk at the initial stage of formation of
the Ukrainian warmblood breed. The degree of influence of the Hungarian breeds the
modern array of Ukrainian warmblood breed, the most typical representatives of
the breed with the blood of the Hungarian breeds. Today Ukrainian warmblood breed
is the most valuable and popular among horse breeds in Ukraine. It combines the best
qualities of the original breeds and has highly versatile sport capacity for work. In the
formation of the breed an important role played the usage of Hungarian origin horse
breeding stock at the early stage of formation. Further breeding work with the breed
should be based on the best qualities of the Ukrainian warmblood breed, obtained from
the Hungarian horses in combination with other breeds sport.
Key words: horses, Ukrainian warmblood breed, Hungarian horses (Furioso-North
Star, Hidran, Nonius), reproductive crossing, selection, pedigree.
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318
INTRODUCTION
For the first time the process of using Hungarian trophy horses described P.Y.
Belan (Belan 1956). In 1945 the creation of Ukrainian riding horse group was taking
place. Ukrainian stud in Dnipropetrovsk region contained a large group of Hungari-
an horses (Furioso-North Star, Hidran, Nonius) – mares and their crosses with the
thoroughbred riding stallions. The origin and type of these Hungarian breeds de-
scribed in directory Dr. Mihok Sandor (Sándor 2011).
There were also Hanover, Trakehner, East Prussian, English-Arabic, Hungarian
and Thoroughbred stallions. In 1951, there were 300 mares, 170 – of Hungarian breeds
and 130 – the first generation hybrids from the Hungarian mares and Trakehner stallions,
Hanoverian and Thoroughbred breeds (Volkov 1984). Similar crafted Wielkopolska
breed horses, which were also used Trakehner, East Prussian, English-Arabic and Thor-
oughbred breed on uterine the basis of the local horses. A detailed analysis of the origin
and pedigrees of the Wielkopolska breed was done by Anna Nowicka-Posluszna
(Nowicka-Posluszna 2011).
At the end of 1951 to work on the selection of the new breeding group Pravalski,
Skadovsky, and later – Alexandria stud farms and breeding farms of Dneprope-
trovsk, Kharkov and lowlands of Transcarpathian regions were also involved in it.
Skadovsky stud was mainly staffed with Hungarian mares of Furioso-North Star
type, as well as with young mares of Ukrainian stud derived from the Hanoverian
and Trakehner stallions. In 1953, the stud farm used Trakehner-Hungarian stallion
Zaliv (Zund–Vakchta) (Belan 1957). In Provalsky stud, formed of local livestock,
improved by thoroughbred stallions in 1952 was imported 100 mares of Hungarian
breeds and crossbred with the thoroughbred riding breed from Rostov region – Voro-
shilov plant and a group of stallions from Ukrainian stud (Volkov 1976). Breeding
work with the livestock mares was aimed at crossing – 30% of mares with thor-
oughbred stallions, the others – with the Hanoverian and Trakehner at the first stage
of selection and breeding work (1945-1951), the purpose was to build the first gen-
eration of hybrids of riding type (Volkov 1975). The best young horse sports type
was obtained from Hanover-Hungarian and Trakehner-Hungarian mares and stal-
lions of thoroughbred riding breed: Brig, 1949 (Bagor – Gipoteza), Barguzin, 1948
(Gibrid – Beryoza), Vazgiro, 1941 (Bareyn – Visla), Reaktiv 1949 (Rafael – Kuik
Arrou), Gaz, 1951 (Glagol – Zinata). With the disbanding of the cavalry, stud farms
were also disbanded, Pravalski and Skadovsky were disbanded in 1954, Ukrainian –
in 1959. A small part of the population of horses was transferred to Alexandrisky,
Dnepropetrovsky, Derkulsky and Yagolnitsky stud farms.
Further work with the livestock was carried out under the supervision of D.A.
Volkov. At the second stage of selection and breeding work with Ukrainian horse
breeding group (1953-1960) Hanover-Hungarian, Hungarian-Trakehner and Thor-
oughbred-Hanover-Hungarian mares were mated with big thoroughbred stallions,
Thoroughbred-Trakehner mares – with Hungarian and Thoroughbred-Hungarian mares
– with Trakehner stallions. To the producing composition large horses of riding type
were selected and then mares of thick type were mated with stallions of thoroughbred
breed, horses of medium type with Trakehner and thoroughbred riding breeds, horses
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of facilitated type – with Hungarian and Trakehner stallions (Hendricks 2007, Volkov
et al. 2008).
At the third stage of the work (1961-1980) hybrids of desired type – Trakehner-
Hungarian, Hungarian-Thoroughbred, Thoroughbred-Trakehner-Hungarian mares
with regard to the body type were mated with Thoroughbred stallions, Hanover and
Trakehner breeds, as well as with the stallions carrying their heritage from Orlov-
rostopchinskiy breed. Obtained hybrids were bred “in itself” with repetitions in ge-
nealogical pedigrees of desired complexes (Volkov et al. 1981).
Previously had not paid sufficient attention to the question of the influence of
Hungarian horses on the formation of modern Ukrainian population of warmblood
breed. In the known sources of such data are not available. Therefore, the aim of our
study was the detailed analysis of the impact of the Hungarian trophy horses on the
formation of Ukrainian warmblood breed.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Pedigrees of the horses taken from the Studbook of horses (Volkov 1975) and
records of the scientific working groups (Library of the Institute of animal breeding,
Department of breeding), factory books breeding stallions and mares [State Archives
of Kharkiv Region (SAKR, 1938-1978)]. In the factory archive factory books also
found unique pictures of horses, presented in the paper.
Analyzed the pedigrees of horses Ukrainian warmblood breed, which are not an-
cestors of the Hungarian breeds.
Six genotypes in Ukrainian warmblood breed with the presence of the Hungarian
breeds were selected for this study. The genotypes were evaluated on the measure-
ments of the body, the indices of the physique. Archival research identified stallions
and mares Hungarian breeds which have influenced the formation of the Ukrainian
warmblood breed. The analysis of the pedigrees of stallions of the main progenitors
of the Ukrainian warmblood breed, and their part of blood with Hungarian breeds
were assessed. Schematically Royal families descending from Hungarian mares an-
cestors and their zootechnical analysis were done. All statistical calculation was per-
formed on separate data from each individual with STATISTICA 8.0.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Sport type horses are most consistent with the horses of following genetic com-
plexes: Thoroughbred × Russian riding × Trakehner × Hungarian, Thoroughbred ×
Hungarian, Thoroughbred × Hanover × Hungarian, Thoroughbred × Trakehner ×
Hungarian.
At the beginning of testing the breed, the horses belonged to many genealogical
complexes, which included Hungarian breed (Table 1).
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320
Table 1
Genealogical complexes breeding mares in stud farms (1976 year)
Genealogical complexes Mares
n %
Thoroughbred × Trakehner × Hungarian 42 20.39
Thoroughbred × Hanover × Hungarian 25 12.14
Thoroughbred × Hungarian 33 16.0
Thoroughbred × Trakehner × Hanover × Hungarian 18 8.73
Thoroughbred × Russian riding × Trakehner × Hungarian 18 8.73
Thoroughbred × Russian riding × Trakehner 5 2.42
Trakehner × Hungarian 8 3.88
Trakehner × Hanover × Hungarian 5 2.42
Russian riding × Trakehner × Hungarian 4 1.94
Russian riding × Trakehner × Hanover × Hungarian 4 1.94
ІІ-IV generation crosses with thoroughbred 13 6.31
Other 31 15.1
Total 206 100
Source: own research
Horses of Trakehner-Hungarian and Hungarian-Hanover complexes were less pedi-
gree and deviated to the harness body type. Body measurements and body indices of
mares of different genealogical complexes are shown in Tables 2-3.
Table 2
Measurements of mare body of different genealogical complexes on the basis of Hungarian
breed
Genealogical complex n Body measurements, cm
HW* OBL CH MF
Thoroughbred × Hungarian 39 158.9 158.4 185.5 19.6
Thoroughbred × Hanover × Hungarian 20 159.0 158.7 185.7 19.6
Trakehner × Hungarian 11 159.5 160.6 186.5 19.8
Thoroughbred × Trakehner × Hungarian 27 160.7 159.5 185.4 19.7
Hanover × Hungarian 12 161.4 162.1 184.7 20.6
Thoroughbred × Russian riding ×
Trakehner × Hungarian 18 161.2 161.7 187.9 19.8
*Legend: HW – height at the withers, OBL – oblique body length, CH – chest folding, MF –
metacarpus folding
Source: own research
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Table 3
Mare body indices of different genealogical complexes on the basis of Hungarian breed
Genealogical complex n Body indices, %
format massiveness bones
Thoroughbred × Hungarian 39 99.7 116.7 12.3
Thoroughbred × Hanover × Hungarian 20 99.8 116.8 12.3
Trakehner × Hungarian 11 100.7 116.9 12.4
Thoroughbred × Trakehner × Hungarian 27 99.2 115.4 12.3
Hanover × Hungarian 12 100.4 114.4 12.8
Thoroughbred × Russian riding ×
Trakehner ×Hungarian 18 100.3 116.6 12.2
Source: own research
The State Ukrainian studbook of riding breed horses preserved the Ukrainian tran-
scription of names of horses of Hungarian origin, which gave valuable offspring and
found in the pedigrees of modern Ukrainian riding horses (Photos 1-4, Table 1).
Among them are: Agita, dr.-bay, 1940; Aza, br., 1938; Azaliya, bay, 1938; Alleya, dr.-
gr., 1940; Balerina, br., 1932; Bejke, bay, 1943; Bespridannitsa, ches., 1941; Blyostka,
br., 1940 (Baltic-Vajnaya); Frina, br., 1943; Farsa, ches., 1943; Favoritka, bay, 1948;
Photo 1. Vishnya, mare, bay, 1938 (the origin is unknown)
Source: photo by National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine
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322
Photo 2. Kopiya, mare, bay, 1938 (Nonius I – 523 Nonius XLII)
Source: see photo 1
Photo 3. Zamsha, mare, ches., 1936 (the origin is unknown)
Source: see photo 1
Galera, bay, 1940; Gipoteza, dr.-bay, 1941; Iva, dr.-bay, 1937; 079 Igrushka 180, bay,
1937; Igra, dr.-bay, 1938; 368 Izida, br., 1942; Karmen, bay, 1942; Kasta; Kollectsiya,
bay, 1938; Kopiya, bay, 1938 (Nonius I – Nonius XLII) (Photo 2), Lanka 450, ches.,
1942; Lemma, dr.-bay, 1939; Marjit; Marka; Nagrada, dr.-bay, 1937; Nympha, dr.-bay,
1941 (Furioso XLIV); Novella 618, bay, 1941 (Nonius VIII); Nona, ches., 1938; Oce-
aniya, ches., 1942; Panatseya; 147 Proza, dr.-bay, 1938; Renta, bay, 1944; Rys’, dr.-
bay, 1924; Vakhanka 101, br., 1941; Valka 164, dr.-bay, 1940; Valpura, dr.-bay, 1940;
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Vega, bay, 1938; Vekovukha; Venta, dr.-bay, 1932; Versiya, dr.-bay, 1942; Vertushka,
br., 1942; Vechorka, bay, 1935; Vetochka, bay, 1941; Vipivka, bay, 1942 (Furioso II);
Victorya, bay, 1937; Vishnya, bay, 1938 (Photo 1); Volosataya, bay, 1934; Vostrukha,
dr.-bay, 1936; Vozniknovenie, bay, 1938; Volga, bay, 1938; Wolna; Wokabula, br.,
1936; Wolta, bay, 1941; Vidra, bay, 1938; Wyuga, br., 1940; Zamsha, ches., 1936
(Photo 3); Zasada, br., 1936; Zita, dr.-bay, 1942.
Photo 4. Arpad, dr.-bay, 1960 (Furioso А XXVI – 159 North Star А XVII-1)
Source: see photo 1
In the original book breeding mares of Ukrainian stud of origin of many of them
is specified stud in Mezohegyes.
Out of stallions of Hungarian origin, the greatest influence on the formation of
the Ukrainian warmblood breed is Arpad (original nickname Furioso XXVI-A 2),
dr.-bay, 1960 (Photo 4), whose pedigree is shown in Table 4.
Table 4
Pedigree of Arpad stallion (Furioso А XXVI-2)
Furioso А XXVI
Furioso VII Furioso XXVIII
242 Furioso XXVII
221 Furioso III Furioso III
243 Mariya Loniza
159 North Star А
XVII-1
North Star А XVII North Star XXV
250 Furioso XXXIX
177 North Star А XVIII North Star А XVIII
200 Furioso XLV
Source: own research
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Nickname Arpad is found in a variety of modern horses pedigrees of Ukrainian
warmblood breed.
Arpad is a large (dimensions: 167-169-197-21,5 cm) massive breed stallion with
proportional head, long neck, a little bit soft back, with normal sloping croup, broad
deep chest. Among the exterior flaws were trimmed pasterns, minor clubfoot. Arpad
had been trained in equestrian sports school “Dynamo” (Moscow), after which he
was placed by the manufacturer to Alexandria stud farm, where he had produced 13
years (1967-1979) and another 2 years had (1980-1981) – produced in Lozovsky
stud, where he fell in 1981.
Out of 134 descendants of Arpad sport received 32 heads (23.9%), 15 of them
showed high sports results in dressage, show jumping and triathlon. Pedigree of
Arpad particularly excelled in triathlon and show jumping.
Alalan stallion, 1973 (Arpad-Amyoba) in the USSR Championship triathlon took
III place in 1977 and I – in 1978. In the USSR Cup triathlon took II place among 19
participants.
Radar stallion, 1970 (Arpad-Raduga) showed high ability in dressage: he was the
winner of small prize during the Championship of Ukraine in 1977, in 1981 the
USSR Championship in dressage his team took the II place. Son of Arpad because
of magnificent figure, beautiful exterior and development was exhibited in 1976 at
the Exhibition Center in Kiev.
Many Arpad daughters entered the Ukrainian part of the mother horse breed, the best
of which are: 243 Alushta, 616 Anita, 635 Arfa, 274 Ataka, 288 Bayka, 291 Balyasina,
41 Blokada, 361 Zanoza, 371 Izyuminka, 372 Imatra, 373 Indiana, 051 Karta 796 Koro-
na, 401 Malina, 417 Mortira, 419 Nagayka, 421 Nakolka, 425 Nota, 865 Pihta 4, 872
Poema, 885 Ruta, 891 Taliya, 915 Tonika, 945 Fora, 526 Khna, 549 Hurma.
In producing the composition of Ukrainian warmblood breed outstanding stallions-
producers and their descendants carry on heritage of Hungarian breeds: 10 Rezerv (1/2
Trakehner × 3/8 Thoroughbred × 1/8 Hungarian), Baken (1/2 Thoroughbred ×1/4
Trakehner × 1/8 Hungarian × 1/8 unknown), 49 Gvint (1/4 Hungarian × 1/4 Orlov-
rostopchinskaya × 3/8 Trakehner × 1/8 Thoroughbred riding), 1 Balagur (3/4 Thorough-
bred × 1/4 Hungarian), 4 Grohot (1/4 Orlov-rostopchin × 1/2 Trakehner× 1/4 Hungari-
an), 5 Zalog (3/4 Thoroughbred × 1/4 Hungarian), 6 Zbirnik (1/4 Thoroughbred × 1/4
Trakehner × ¼ Hungarian × 1/4 Orlov-rostopchinskaya), 8 Kokhaniy (5/16 Thorough-
bred ×1/2 Trakehner × 3/16 Hungarian), 12 Fortun (1/4 Thoroughbred × 3/8 Hanover ×
3/8 Hungarian), 14 Shelest (1/2 Arabic × ½ Hungarian), 15 Shishak (1/4 Thoroughbred
× 1/4 Arabic× 1/8 Hanover × 3/8 Hungarian), 16 Eskort (1/4 Orlov-rostopchinskaya ×
1/2 Trakehner × 1/4 Hungarian). Remarkable by high level of Hungarian breed heredity
the following stallions: 3 Bogatir (1/4 Thoroughbred × 3/4 Hungarian), 7 Izgib (1/2
Thoroughbred × 1/2 Hungarian), 9 Potash (1/2 East-Prussian × 1/2 Hungarian), Т09
Khinin 73 (1/2 Trakehner × 1/2 Hungarian).
Bogatir, 1968 from Arpad and the Thoroughbred-Hungarian mare Bubnovaya is
a large, massive, high-breed stallion. It was used in Dnepropetrovsk stud, several of
his children were sold at international auction.
Izgib, 1952 was born in Alexandrisky stud from a Thoroughbred Istok and Hun-
garian Vega, a large breed stallion – multiple winner of international and inter-all-
union competition in show jumping.
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Potash, bay, was born in 1950 in the Ukrainian stud from East-Prussia Pos-
eydonus and Hungarian Proza – tested in flat racing, he was the winner 3 times.
T09 Khinin 73, dr.-bay, from 1951 Trakehner Hellespont and Hungarian Igrushka
– big massive stallion, which gave high class sport and breeding offspring.
On the basis of the Hungarian breeds were created numerous uterine families in
Ukrainian warmblood breed. One of the best mares in breed – the superior horse of
uterine family 86 Infra I, 1952 the daughter of Hungarian mare Frina, has condition-
al kinship: Hungarian 1/2 × 3/8 Thoroughbred × 1/8 unidentified.
The first generation of offspring of 86 Infra I was obtained on the basis of the Thor-
oughbred-Trakehner-Hungarian and Thoroughbred-Orlov-Rostopchin-Trakehner-Hunga-
rian combinations. Not less outstanding mare was her daughter 87 Infra II, 1962, which
gave the sports champions and great producers, has also conditional kinship: 1/4 Hun-
garian × 3/16 Thoroughbred × 1/2 Trakehner × 1/16 unidentified. Infra I family is being
developed on Alexandrisky stud.
In Derkulsky stud has developed a family of 160 Tina, Mr., 1957 from thorough-
bred 1353 Brig and Hanover-Hungarian Travka. From Tina and Trakehner-
-Hungarian Khinin was received an outstanding stallion-manufacturer 11 Tikhvin,
dr.-bay, 1966. On the same plant was created one of the most valuable family in
breeding – 541 Khokhlatka, 1949 from Hanover Khrustal (Handzik) and Hungarian
Vega. This family has a record-holder and champion of the ft the Exhibition of
Achievements of Agriculture USSR Khokhlatka II, in 1965, and many other high
class horses.
On Lozovsky stud was created a family of 220 Evrika, ches., 1966 from Trakehner
Vodopad and Trakehner-Hungarian Elba and family of 159 Tema, ches., 1952 from
Trakehner Tayfun and Hungarian Igra.
Family of Favoritka, 1948 of Hannover-Hungarian complex was developed in Yago-
lnitskiy and Lozovsky studs.
On Dnepropetrovske and Alexandrisky studs was created a family of Oceaniya,
1942, which gave birth to a lot of sport and breeding horses, some of them are exported
(Khoroshaya, Hovanstina, Khozyayka).
Several families in the uterine Ukrainian warmblood breed descended from Hungari-
an thoroughbred mares. The family of Hungarian mare Nona is the most prevalent, its
representatives have worked well in the sport. While working with this family Thor-
oughbred-Hungarian and Thoroughbred-Orlov-Rostopchin-Hungarian combinations we-
re successful. On Alexandrisky, Lozovsky and Derkulsky studs became widespread the
family of Hungarian mare Farsa. On Ukrainian stud the family of Bacchae 101 was
born, 1941 – a large, thick-type mares. This family stably had big horses with good con-
formation.
In modern tribal composition of the Ukrainian warmblood breed has outstanding
horses, descended from Hungarian horses. Among them, an outstanding stallion Aral
(Photo 5) and Izbrannik (Photo 6) – distinguished by its origin and the exterior of
the stallion that combines genetics Orlov-Rostopchin, Thoroughbred, Hungarian,
Arab and Trakehner breeds.
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Photo 5. Aral, dr.-bay, 2000 (40 Arshin – 1356 Alexandrya)
Source: photo by I. Tkachova
Photo 6. Izbrannik, dr.-bay, 2003 (Impressario – Arktika)
Source: photo by I. Tkachova
The vast majority of horse breeds created on the basis of interbreed crosses. The
study of the influence of the source rocks to the formation of new generations of an-
imals important to find effective ways for their genetic improvement.
Also studied the effect of crossing of the American standardbred and French trot-
ters on the Ukrainian population prizing trotters (Tkachova 2007). This enabled to
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highlight the original rock band trotters domestic breeding and to develop a pro-
gramme for their further improvement.
Previously we have conducted studies on the impact of crossbreeding with the
Thoroughbred on the Ukrainian part of the population of the Orlov’s trotter horses
(Tkachova 2012). Found useful traits derived from crosses, and also identified nega-
tive aspects. Research went into the development of the State program of breeding
of Orlov’s Trotter breed.
Thus, in-depth population genetic monitoring of the species allows to identify the
relative influence of other breeds that can be used for animal improvement pro-
grammes.
CONCLUSIONS
1. Hungarian horse breeds accounted for a significant part of the maternal basis
for deducing the Ukrainian warmblood horse. In a few generations the representa-
tives of the Ukrainian warmblood horse is retained similarities to the original Hun-
garian breeds.
2. Today Ukrainian warmblood horse breed is the most valuable and popular
among horse breeds in Ukraine. It combines the best qualities of the original breeds
and has highly versatile sport capacity for work. In the formation of the breed an
important role played the usage of Hungarian origin horse breeding stock at the ear-
ly stage of formation.
3. Ukrainian horse breed horses is of interest not only as an independent athletic
breed, but also as a carrier of the genome, is formed on the basis of several breeds of
horses, including valuable representatives of the Hungarian breeds.
4. Further breeding work with the breed should be based on the best qualities
of the Ukrainian warmblood horse, obtained from the Hungarian horses in combina-
tion with other breeds sport.
5. To further improve and create genetic passports of Ukrainian warmblood horse
appropriate deep population genetic studies search for genetic markers, some of
which should be inherited from the Hungarian breeds.
REFERENCES
Belan V.P. 1956. Ukrainian reding-teke group of horses. Socialis. livestock., 12: 31 (in
Ukrainian).
Belan P.Y. 1957. Results and methods of formation of the Ukrainian-Teke type horses (stud
No. 173). Kiev: 15 (in Ukrainian).
Hendricks B. 2007. International Encyclopedia of Horse Breeds. B.L. Hendricks; foreword
by A.A. Dent. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman and London 2007: 429.
Nowicka-Posluszna A. 2011. Zmiany modelu rodowodowego koni rasy wielkopolskiej. Wia-
dom. Zootech. R. XLIX (2011), 1: 89-99.
Sándor M. 2011. Magyar Lótenyésztők Országos Szővetsége: 6-11 (in Hungarian).
State Studbook horses of the Ukrainian horse breed group. The Ministry of agriculture of the
Ukrainian SSR. Vol. 1 “Urojay”, Kyev: 1974: 90.
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328
State Archives of Kharkiv region (SAKR). F.R. 6184. Ukrainian Research Institute of animal
husbandry Forest-steppe and Woodlands of the Ukrainian SSR, Kharkov, 1938-1978
years. Inventory 1, Case 44. Ukrainian military equine stud farm N173. Factory book stal-
lions of 1943-1959 years. Vol. 1: 58 (in Ukrainian).
State Archives of Kharkiv region (SAKR). F.R. 6184. Ukrainian Research Institute of animal
sciences Forest-steppe and Woodlands of the Ukrainian SSR, Kharkov, 1938-1978 years.
Inventory 1, Case 46. Ukrainian military equine stud farm N173. Factory book mare
of 1943-1959 years. Vol. 1: 203 (in Ukrainian).
Tkachova I.V. 2007. The influence of the sires of French trotter breed in the improvement
of the Ukrainian population of the Russian trotting breed of horses. Livest. Farm. Of
Ukraine, 10: 24-28.
Tkachova I.V. 2012. The influence of the thoroughbred riding breed on the formation of the
domestic population of horses Orlov’s trotters. Scientific-technical Bulletin №106. Insti-
tute of animal sciences of NAAS Ukraine, Kharkiv: 14-20.
Volkov D.A. 1975. Factory horse breeds of Ukraine and methods of improvement. Diss. on
competition art doctor of agricultural Sciences, Kharkov: 183 (in Ukrainian).
Volkov D.A. 1976. Perspective plan of breeding with Ukrainian horse breed group in 1976-
-1985 years. The research of the order of the red banner of Institute of animal Forest-
steppe and Polesie USSR, Kharkov: 119 (in Ukrainian).
Volkov D.А. 1984. Ukrainian horse breed horses. State Studbook horses Ukrainian horse
breed group. Vol. 2: 5 (in Ukrainian).
Volkov D.A., Latka A.M., Novikov A.A. 2008. State Studbook horses Ukrainian horse breed:
Vol. VI “Aristey”, Kyev: 872 (in Ukrainian).
Volkov D.A., Novikov A.A., Filimonova A.S. 1981. To improve riding horses in the stud
farms of the USSR in the direction of enhance their sporting qualities. Report of Institute
of animal Forest-steppe and Polesie USSR, 1981: 31 (in Ukrainian).
Volkov D.A., Tkachova I.V., Latka O.M., Kunets V.V., Peresada V.O., Kornienko O.O., Lutih
S,V., Gdanska K.V., Rossokha V.I., Kovalyova T.M., Tur G.M. 2015. Ukrainian warm-
blood breed. I.V. Tkachova, Institute of animal sciences of NAAS Ukraine, Kharkiv: 72-
85 (in Ukrainian).
SUMMARY
The aim of the research was the detailed analysis of the impact of the Hungarian
trophy horses on the formation of Ukrainian warmblood breed. It is necessary for
population-genetic analysis of modern population of Ukrainian warmblood breed
and identifies ways to further improve its genealogical patterns of selection traits,
the development of advanced breeding programmes. Pedigrees of the horses taken
from the Studbook of horses (Volkov 1975) and records of the scientific working
groups (Library of the Institute of animal breeding, Department of breeding), factory
books breeding stallions and mares [State archives of Kharkiv region (SAKR, 1938-
1978)]. In the factory archive factory books also found unique pictures of horses,
presented in the paper. Analyzed the pedigrees of horses Ukrainian warmblood
breed, which are not ancestors of the Hungarian breeds.Six genotypes in Ukrainian
warmblood breed with the presence of the Hungarian breeds were selected for this
study. The genotypes were evaluated on the measurements of the body, the indices
of the physique. Archival research identified stallions and mares Hungarian breeds
which have influenced the formation of the Ukrainian warmblood breed. The analy-
Page 13
329
sis of the pedigrees of stallions of the main progenitors of the Ukrainian warmblood
breed, and their part of blood with Hungarian breeds were assessed. Schematically
Royal families descending from Hungarian mares ancestors and their zootechnical
analysis were done. Hungarian horse breeds accounted for a significant part of the
maternal basis for deducing the Ukrainian warmblood horse. In a few generations
the representatives of the Ukrainian warmblood horse is retained similarities to the
original Hungarian breeds. Today Ukrainian warmblood horse breed is the most val-
uable and popular among horse breeds in Ukraine. It combines the best qualities of
the original breeds and has highly versatile sport capacity for work. In the formation
of the breed an important role played the usage of Hungarian origin horse breeding
stock at the early stage of formation. Ukrainian horse breed horses is of interest not
only as an independent athletic breed, but also as a carrier of the genome, is formed
on the basis of several breeds of horses, including valuable representatives of the
Hungarian breeds. Further breeding work with the breed should be based on the best
qualities of the Ukrainian warmblood horse, obtained from the Hungarian horses in
combination with other breeds sport. To further improve and create genetic pass-
ports of Ukrainian warmblood horse appropriate deep population genetic studies
search for genetic markers, some of which should be inherited from the Hungarian
breeds.