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September 2017 Report, p.1

BARUCH INSTITUTE OF COASTAL ECOLOGY AND FOREST SCIENCE Highway 17 North PO Box 596 Georgetown, SC 29442-0596 P (843) 546-1013 F (843) 546-6296

Monthly Report: September 2017

To: William Bailey, Mary Richards, and Nathan Dayan US Army Corps of Engineers - Savannah District 100 W. Oglethorpe Ave. Savannah, GA 31401 12 October 2017 By: Jamie Duberstein USACE Savannah District: Please see the bulleted list below for the major actions and accomplishments associated with Cooperative Agreement Number W912HZ-14-2-0002 (Modification Number P00003) for the month of September 2017. Please let me know if you would like me to elaborate on the details of any items I’ve listed below, or if there are any status updates you’d like on unlisted topics. Thank you, Jamie


Marsh Vegetation Analysis and write-up of the June marsh vegetation sample is

complete, and will be included in the annual report delivered later this month.

The October marsh vegetation synoptic sample will begin 20 October with processing (e.g., sorting, counting, drying, weighing) immediately afterward.

Water Data Data from all water sensors were downloaded on 25 and 26

September. An updated salinity table is provided (Table 1). o Note that the summaries do not include data from 26-30

September because they fall after the September download dates.

We can now view salinity conditions real-time for belowground sensors at the following areas:

Back 1 Back 3 Back 3.5 Middle 2 Middle 3 Middle 4 Middle 5

Due to activities related to the October synaptic marsh vegetation sample, data from sensors will not be downloaded in October. Salinity summaries for FY17 provided in the forthcoming annual report will only include data up to 25 September so that the annual report can be completed in a timely manner.

An unexplained event occurred throughout the estuary over the period of 26 September – 04 October, which was detected via the real-time data displayed on the HydroVu website (Figure 1). We only have data pertinent to those belowground sensors mentioned above. We intend to discuss data from this time period in the next monthly report.

See Table 2 for a complete list of salinity data losses for FY17. o The aboveground sensor at Middle 4 failed on 08

September and was replaced on 25 September. o Some data failed to transmit to the HyrdoVu website.

Data from the above listed belowground sensors were downloaded from HydroVu this month, rather than via direct sensor download. Some data are missing, noted in


Table 2; these are likely recoverable via direct sensor download. Protocol going forward will involve direct sensor download for all sensors, leaving the data on HydroVu for monitoring purposes (e.g., identifying the failing sensor at Middle 4 this month) so that recoverable losses presented in reports will be minimized. However, unusual events may warrant augmentation of datasets with data downloaded from HydroVu. The accuracy of the data on HydroVu is not questioned, but losses can occur in the dataset stored on HydroVu if data equipment fail to transmit to the cloud via deployed telemetry equipment.

After removing the Aquatrolls from monitoring wells during data download, a YSI Pro30 handheld salinity meter was used to measure salinity. This is done to identify problems and/or verify accuracy of deployed sensors. A comparison of temporally similar measurements is provided (Table 3).

o Our protocol calls for pumping the wells after handheld measurements are taken. This removes sediments that can accumulate and eventually cover the actual sensors leading to reduced accuracy. We then use special swabs to clean the sensor surfaces.

The field crew accidentally pumped the Middle 5 belowground well prior to measuring salinity with the handheld YSI, but values are still reasonably similar between the YSI and the Aquatroll.

The water monitoring station at Middle 3 was leaning strongly when visited on 25 September, likely the result of Hurricane Irma. The well was repositioned ~6 ft. (2 meters) north to a firmer location.

The water monitoring station at Back 4 was leaning strongly when visited on 25 September, also likely related to Irma. The well was adjusted in-place. Recall this is the site that has the wooden framed hog deterrent around it. The well can only lean so far before it leans against the wooden frame, so further damage is unlikely. This monitoring station will be reinforced with lumber in November.


Forest monitoring Monthly measurements of baldcypress tree growth were last

taken on 26 September at Swamp 1 and Swamp 2 monitoring areas. Recall that no measurements were taken at Swamp 3 in August.

Average basal area increase since last measurement: o Swamp 1: 0.1 cm2 (25 August – 26 September) o Swamp 2: 0.3 cm2 (25 August – 26 September) o Swamp 3: 0.1 cm2 (27 July – 25 September)

Figure 1. Belowground salinity measurements logged by sensors with realtime telemetry capabilities. Monitoring wells were accessed on 25 September, with noticeable change in readings. However, sensors were not handled between 25 September – 04 October 2017.


Area Month Avg. (std. err.) Min Max Avg. (std. err.) Min MaxBack 1 October 2016 0.03 (0.01) 0.00 0.24 0.22 (0.00) 0.12 0.30

November 2016 0.07 (0.01) 0.00 0.55 0.32 (0.00) 0.26 0.39December 2016 0.04 (0.01) 0.00 0.12 0.23 (0.00) 0.16 0.33January 2017 0.05 (0.00) 0.05 0.06 0.13 (0.00) 0.09 0.18February 2017 0.05 (0.00) 0.05 0.06 0.09 (0.00) 0.07 0.11March 2017 0.16 (0.02) 0.00 0.22 0.11 (0.00) 0.09 0.15April 2017 0.20 (0.02) 0.00 0.37 0.16 (0.00) 0.14 0.21May 2017 0.09 (0.01) 0.01 0.15 0.18 (0.00) 0.16 0.20June 2017 0.06 (0.01) 0.00 0.37 0.20 (0.00) 0.18 0.25July 2017 0.06 (0.02) 0.00 0.21 0.19 (0.00)

a0.14

a0.25

a

August 2017 N/Ab

N/Ab

N/Ab

0.15 (0.00) 0.13 0.18September 2017 0.30 (0.17) 0.00 3.24 0.45 (0.01) 0.01 6.16FY17 0.09 (0.01) 0.00 3.24 0.20 (0.00)

a0.01

a6.16

a

Back 2 October 2016 0.16 (0.01) 0.00 1.58 0.31 (0.00) 0.19 0.53November 2016 0.35 (0.03) 0.00 2.61 0.63 (0.01) 0.28 1.30December 2016 0.06 (0.01) 0.00 0.85 0.28 (0.00) 0.15 0.72January 2017 0.04 (0.01) 0.00 0.34 0.15 (0.00) 0.07 0.33February 2017 0.11 (0.01) 0.00 0.40 0.14 (0.00) 0.08 0.25March 2017 0.16 (0.02) 0.00 1.41 0.29 (0.01) 0.10 1.85April 2017 0.22 (0.02) 0.00 1.08 0.31 (0.01) 0.09 0.72May 2017 0.09 (0.01) 0.00 1.13 0.31 (0.00) 0.18 0.76June 2017 0.11 (0.01) 0.00 1.64 0.40 (0.00) 0.16 1.11July 2017 0.05 (0.01) 0.00 0.97 0.31 (0.00) 0.18 0.38August 2017 0.06 (0.01)

a0.00

a0.42

a0.27 (0.00) 0.15 0.45

September 2017 0.28 (0.02) 0.00 3.33 0.54 (0.01) 0.32 0.91FY17 0.15 (0.01)

a0.00

a3.33

a0.33 (0.00) 0.07 1.85

a Incomplete data record. See Table 2 for details.

b No aboveground flooding for this reporting period.

Table 1. Fiscal Year 2017 average, minimum, and maximum salinity (psu: practical salinity units) measured via sensors at above- and below-ground locations at (12) marsh monitoring areas and (3) tidal forest areas. Summaries are based on hourly measurements starting 01 October 2016 through 25 September 2017 for all monitoring areas unless noted by superscript. Details of data losses are provided in Table 2. Measurements taken during dry well conditions were removed from calculations of summary statistics.

Aboveground Salinity (psu) Belowground Salinity (psu)



November 2016 0.52 (0.06) 0.00 4.05 1.36 (0.02)a

0.63a

3.50a

December 2016 0.10 (0.02) 0.00 2.39 0.81 (0.01)a

0.40a

1.50a

January 2017 0.08 (0.01) 0.00 0.17 0.65 (0.00)a

0.27a

1.84a

February 2017 0.13 (0.03) 0.00 0.96 0.60 (0.01) 0.19 0.87March 2017 0.32 (0.06) 0.00 2.62 0.90 (0.01) 0.43 1.84April 2017 0.49 (0.07) 0.00 3.22 0.88 (0.01) 0.21 1.76May 2017 0.15 (0.03) 0.00 1.63 0.95 (0.01) 0.63 2.37June 2017 0.22 (0.03) 0.00 3.70 1.23 (0.02) 0.61 2.76July 2017 0.23 (0.04) 0.00 2.23 0.91 (0.01) 0.53 1.41August 2017 0.14 (0.02) 0.00 2.17 1.03 (0.01)

a0.85

a1.31

a

September 2017 0.48 (0.05) 0.00 7.16 1.50 (0.02)a

0.96a

3.75a

FY17 0.29 (0.01) 0.00 7.16 1.00 (0.00)a

0.19a

3.75a

Back 3.5 October 2016 0.44 (0.04) 0.00 10.27 2.14 (0.01) 1.75 2.44November 2016 0.87 (0.07) 0.00 5.37 2.28 (0.00) 2.09 2.73December 2016 0.20 (0.02) 0.00 2.74 2.24 (0.00) 2.05 2.37January 2017 0.15 (0.03) 0.00 1.79 2.14 (0.00) 1.97 2.31February 2017 0.24 (0.03) 0.00 1.54 2.08 (0.00) 1.95 2.24March 2017 0.49 (0.06) 0.00 2.90 2.21 (0.01) 1.97 2.81April 2017 0.54 (0.05) 0.00 3.77 2.22 (0.01) 1.89 2.76May 2017 0.23 (0.03) 0.00 2.22 2.13 (0.01) 1.33 2.65June 2017 0.40 (0.04) 0.00 4.40 2.77 (0.03) 1.57 5.36July 2017 0.24 (0.03) 0.00 3.26 2.13 (0.02) 1.07 3.77August 2017 0.28 (0.03) 0.00 2.59 1.90 (0.02) 0.57 3.34September 2017 0.75 (0.06) 0.00 7.08 2.77 (0.04) 1.24 7.81FY17 0.43 (0.01) 0.00 10.27 2.25 (0.01) 0.57 7.81


Table 1 (cont'd). Fiscal Year 2017 average, minimum, and maximum salinity at above- and below-ground locations in marsh and tidal freshwater forest monitoring areas.




November 2016 1.38 (0.11) 0.00 8.80 3.76 (0.02) 3.15 4.18December 2016 0.66 (0.06) 0.00 5.72 3.87 (0.01) 3.50 4.20January 2017 0.34 (0.05) 0.00 3.12 3.06 (0.02) 2.23 3.68February 2017 0.26 (0.04) 0.00 4.56 2.16 (0.01) 1.54 3.07March 2017 0.45 (0.06) 0.00 7.36 2.74 (0.04) 0.86 7.13April 2017 1.02 (0.10) 0.00 7.72 2.95 (0.02) 1.85 4.24May 2017 0.39 (0.05) 0.00 6.67 3.20 (0.01) 2.76 3.71June 2017 0.83 (0.08) 0.00 8.46 3.55 (0.02) 2.56 4.77July 2017 0.42 (0.05) 0.00 6.67 3.35 (0.01) 2.96 4.10August 2017 0.62 (0.05) 0.00 5.59 2.72 (0.01) 2.33 3.59September 2017 1.29 (0.10) 0.00 11.80 5.18 (0.04) 3.23 7.21FY17 0.74 (0.02) 0.00 11.80 3.34 (0.01) 0.86 7.21

Front 1 October 2016 0.18 (0.02) 0.00 1.23 0.25 (0.00) 0.09 0.60November 2016 0.42 (0.03) 0.00 1.86 0.56 (0.01) 0.30 0.94December 2016 0.10 (0.01) 0.00 0.66 0.42 (0.00) 0.28 0.63January 2017 0.07 (0.00) 0.02 0.14 0.30 (0.00) 0.20 0.36February 2017 0.10 (0.01) 0.00 0.22 0.23 (0.00) 0.16 0.29March 2017 0.22 (0.02) 0.00 0.68 0.26 (0.00) 0.15 0.43April 2017 0.19 (0.02) 0.00 1.10 0.30 (0.00) 0.21 0.50May 2017 0.09 (0.01) 0.00 0.47 0.31 (0.00) 0.15 0.45June 2017 0.05 (0.01) 0.00 1.05 0.38 (0.01) 0.20 1.01July 2017 0.04 (0.01) 0.00 0.42 0.24 (0.00) 0.14 0.36August 2017 0.03 (0.01) 0.00 0.30 0.19 (0.00) 0.11 0.30September 2017 0.06 (0.01) 0.00 3.52 0.31 (0.01) 0.12 0.95FY17 0.12 (0.01) 0.00 3.52 0.31 (0.00) 0.09 1.01




Area Month Avg. (std. err.) Min Max Avg. (std. err.) Min MaxFront 2 October 2016 0.52 (0.07) 0.00 12.29 1.43 (0.02) 0.48 6.07


Middle 1 October 2016 0.29 (0.02)a

0.08a

0.35a

0.55 (0.02) 0.24 9.62November 2016 1.11 (0.09) 0.00 3.46 0.88 (0.02) 0.37 1.68December 2016 0.37 (0.02) 0.00 0.79 0.83 (0.00) 0.70 0.95January 2017 0.17 (0.02) 0.02 0.39 0.64 (0.00) 0.36 0.74February 2017 0.07 (0.01) 0.00 0.28 0.47 (0.00) 0.27 0.56March 2017 0.25 (0.03) 0.00 0.81 0.46 (0.01) 0.26 1.74April 2017 0.32 (0.04) 0.00 1.53 0.61 (0.00) 0.28 1.08May 2017 0.08 (0.01) 0.00 0.40 0.54 (0.00) 0.31 0.64June 2017 0.23 (0.04) 0.00 2.59 0.61 (0.00) 0.36 1.14July 2017 0.44 (0.07) 0.02 1.14 0.53 (0.00) 0.23 0.73August 2017 0.31 (0.05) 0.00 0.94 0.44 (0.00)

a0.32

a0.71

a

September 2017 0.31 (0.10) 0.00 12.64 0.97 (0.04) 0.32 10.93FY17 0.32 (0.03)

a0.00

a12.64

a0.62 (0.00)

a0.23

a10.93

a





Area Month Avg. (std. err.) Min Max Avg. (std. err.) Min MaxMiddle 2 October 2016 0.84 (0.36) 0.00 11.67 0.75 (0.04) 0.19 11.17

November 2016 0.34 (0.12) 0.00 6.20 1.44 (0.03) 0.48 5.50December 2016 0.16 (0.03) 0.00 0.94 1.04 (0.02) 0.42 2.00January 2017 0.11 (0.01) 0.00 0.57 0.70 (0.01) 0.32 0.98February 2017 0.05 (0.03) 0.00 0.12 0.63 (0.01) 0.32 0.99March 2017 0.23 (0.05) 0.00 2.23 0.92 (0.02) 0.26 2.66April 2017 0.32 (0.05) 0.00 3.10 1.10 (0.02) 0.46 2.23May 2017 0.17 (0.03) 0.00 1.64 1.05 (0.01) 0.70 1.56June 2017 0.29 (0.07) 0.00 4.95 1.38 (0.02) 0.46 2.83July 2017 0.00 (0.00) 0.00 0.00 0.65 (0.01) 0.20 1.32August 2017 0.00 (0.00)a 0.00a 0.00a 0.54 (0.01) 0.16 2.22September 2017 1.53 (0.75) 0.00 13.46 1.02 (0.05) 0.30 12.55FY17 0.32 (0.04)a 0.00a 13.46a 0.93 (0.01) 0.16 12.55

Middle 3 October 2016 0.26 (0.26) 0.00 5.92 1.02 (0.04) 0.32 9.64November 2016 N/A

bN/A

bN/A

b2.01 (0.04) 0.80 5.28

December 2016 0.24 (0.05) 0.00 1.29 1.35 (0.02) 0.54 2.64January 2017 0.21 (0.05) 0.00 0.89 0.96 (0.01) 0.47 1.37February 2017 N/A

bN/A

bN/A

b0.81 (0.01) 0.59 1.16

March 2017 0.38 (0.11) 0.00 2.58 0.95 (0.01) 0.56 1.94April 2017 0.43 (0.08) 0.00 3.54 1.67 (0.01) 1.19 2.77May 2017 0.13 (0.02) 0.00 0.76 1.73 (0.01) 0.87 2.16June 2017 0.01 (0.01) 0.00 2.59 1.57 (0.01) 0.94 2.28July 2017 0.00 (0.00) 0.00 0.00 1.09 (0.01) 0.64 1.41August 2017 N/A

bN/A

bN/A

b0.94 (0.01) 0.54 1.64

September 2017 0.56 (0.56) 0.00 2.25 1.08 (0.03) 0.02 7.71FY17 0.16 (0.02) 0.00 5.92 1.27 (0.01) 0.02 9.64


b No aboveground flooding for this reporting period.




Area Month Avg. (std. err.) Min Max Avg. (std. err.) Min MaxMiddle 4 October 2016 0.55 (0.09) 0.00 16.89 3.23 (0.07)

a1.02

a11.16

a

November 2016 0.81 (0.09) 0.00 7.41 3.74 (0.02) 2.60 4.90December 2016 0.14 (0.03) 0.00 6.34 3.38 (0.03) 2.17 5.90January 2017 0.20 (0.04) 0.00 0.83 2.36 (0.02) 1.16 3.33February 2017 0.18 (0.05) 0.00 2.98 2.09 (0.01) 0.68 2.88March 2017 0.37 (0.08) 0.00 11.77 3.17 (0.07) 0.97 11.35April 2017 0.45 (0.06) 0.00 4.19 3.48 (0.02) 0.84 4.79May 2017 0.11 (0.03) 0.00 4.63 3.85 (0.03) 1.07 6.26June 2017 0.32 (0.05) 0.00 6.28 4.53 (0.03) 2.12 7.25July 2017 0.19 (0.04) 0.00 3.25 3.57 (0.02)

a2.22

a4.15

a

August 2017 0.20 (0.03) 0.00 4.26 3.51 (0.01) 2.05 4.22September 2017 0.42 (0.12)

a0.00

a4.99

a3.18 (0.06) 1.08 8.89

FY17 0.36 (0.02)a

0.00a

16.89a

3.35 (0.01)a

0.68a

11.35a

Middle 5 October 2016 0.63 (0.05) 0.00 10.82 1.51 (0.01) 0.92 2.42November 2016 0.84 (0.06) 0.00 5.57 1.54 (0.01) 1.17 1.78December 2016 0.26 (0.02) 0.00 3.63 1.69 (0.00) 1.58 1.75January 2017 0.15 (0.02) 0.00 1.85 1.56 (0.01) 1.19 1.73February 2017 0.19 (0.02) 0.00 1.97 1.36 (0.01) 1.03 1.64March 2017 0.47 (0.05) 0.00 6.07 1.75 (0.05) 0.60 12.29April 2017 0.61 (0.05) 0.00 3.68 1.58 (0.02) 0.53 2.77May 2017 0.23 (0.03) 0.00 3.31 1.81 (0.03) 0.62 4.00June 2017 0.48 (0.04) 0.00 4.86 2.49 (0.04) 0.92 5.94July 2017 0.30 (0.03) 0.00 3.00 1.97 (0.02) 0.84 3.91August 2017 0.46 (0.03) 0.00 3.45 1.68 (0.01)

a1.06

a2.54

a

September 2017 0.89 (0.07) 0.00 7.61 1.75 (0.03) 0.85 6.20FY17 0.50 (0.01) 0.00 10.82 1.73 (0.01)

a0.53

a12.29

a





Area Month Avg. (std. err.) Min Max Avg. (std. err.) Min MaxSwamp 1 October 2016 0.07 (0.00) 0.00 0.43 0.07 (0.00) 0.06 0.08


Swamp 2 October 2016 0.46 (0.09) 0.00 10.95 0.25 (0.00) 0.14 0.37November 2016 0.43 (0.04) 0.00 1.80 0.33 (0.00) 0.31 0.37December 2016 0.22 (0.01) 0.01 0.36 0.27 (0.00) 0.21 0.32January 2017 0.10 (0.01) 0.00 0.18 0.20 (0.00) 0.18 0.23February 2017 0.09 (0.01) 0.00 0.14 0.15 (0.00) 0.11 0.19March 2017 0.09 (0.01) 0.00 0.17 0.12 (0.00) 0.11 0.16April 2017 0.06 (0.01) 0.00 0.22 0.14 (0.00) 0.06 0.19May 2017 0.04 (0.00) 0.00 0.15 0.16 (0.00) 0.09 0.19June 2017 0.03 (0.00) 0.00 0.27 0.19 (0.00) 0.10 0.23July 2017 0.04 (0.01) 0.00 0.20 0.18 (0.00) 0.12 0.19August 2017 0.03 (0.00) 0.00 0.11 0.17 (0.00) 0.14 0.19September 2017 0.18 (0.05) 0.00 11.22 0.16 (0.00) 0.15 0.18FY17 0.15 (0.02) 0.00 11.22 0.19 (0.00) 0.06 0.37




Area Month Avg. (std. err.) Min Max Avg. (std. err.) Min MaxSwamp 3 October 2016 0.25 (0.04) 0.00 5.72 0.32 (0.00) 0.20 0.57





Area Position Beginning End # Days Reason

Middle 1 Aboveground 09/28/2016 03:00 10/20/2016 12:00 22.38 Circuit board failure

Middle 4 Belowground 10/09/2016 07:00 10/20/2016 15:00 11.33 Circuit board failureBack 3 Belowground 11/06/2016 02:00 11/06/2016 18:00 0.67 Sensor foulingBack 3 Belowground 12/07/2016 08:00 12/09/2016 07:00 1.96 Sensor foulingBack 3 Belowground 12/15/2016 20:00 12/17/2016 14:00 1.75 Sensor foulingBack 3 Belowground 12/29/2016 10:00 12/29/2016 21:00 0.46 Sensor foulingBack 3 Belowground 01/17/2017 04:00 01/27/2017 13:00 10.38 Sensor foulingBack 1 Belowground 07/27/2017 12:00 07/27/2017 13:00 0.04 Data downloadMiddle 4 Belowground 07/27/2017 14:00 07/27/2017 15:00 0.04 Data downloadBack 2 Aboveground 08/01/2017 00:00 08/25/2017 13:50 24.58 Internal hardware failureMiddle 2 Aboveground 08/11/2017 06:00 08/23/2017 14:00 12.33 Internal hardware failureBack 3 Belowground 08/25/2017 15:00 09/05/2017 12:00 10.88 incorrect programminga

Middle 1 Belowground 08/24/2017 16:00 08/24/2017 17:00 0.04 data transmission errora

Middle 5 Belowground 08/29/2017 03:00 08/29/2017 04:00 0.04 data transmission errora

Middle 4 Aboveground 09/08/2017 03:00 09/25/2017 11:00 17.33 Internal hardware failurea Data are likely recoverable via direct sensor download. See text for details.

Data loss period

Table 2. Summary of FY17 salinity data losses from Aquatroll sensors deployed at SHEP monitoring areas between the dates of 01 October - 25 September 2017. Data loss periods and number of days may include periods within FY16. Minor data losses were incurred when data were downloaded near pre-programmed sensor measurements. Water level data losses may be beyond dates listed below.


SiteAquatroll Salinity

(psu)

Aquatroll Total Dissolved Soilds

(ppt)YSI "spot check"

(ppt)YSI Measurement Time Aquatroll Measurement

TimeBack 1 0.2 0.3 0.5 09/25/2017 13:47 09/25/2017 13:00Back 2 0.5 0.6 0.5 09/25/2017 14:31 09/25/2017 15:00Back 3 1.5 1.9 1.5 09/25/2017 14:54 09/25/2017 15:00Back 3.5 1.3 1.7 2.0 09/25/2017 15:18 09/25/2017 15:00Back 4 3.2 3.8 3.5 09/25/2017 15:36 09/25/2017 16:00

Front 1 0.2 0.2 0.2 09/25/2017 11:34 09/25/2017 11:00Front 2 1.1 1.4 1.4 09/26/2017 08:38 09/26/2017 07:00

Middle 1 0.5 0.7 0.6 09/25/2017 13:09 09/25/2017 13:00Middle 2 0.4 0.5 0.4 09/25/2017 12:46 09/25/2017 13:00Middle 3 0.7 0.8 0.6 09/25/2017 12:19 09/25/2017 12:00Middle 4 2.6 3.1 1.9 09/25/2017 10:45 09/25/2017 11:00

Middle 5 1.0 1.3 1.6a

09/25/2017 11:14 09/25/2017 11:00

Swamp 1 0.1 0.2 0.1 09/26/2017 10:18 09/26/2017 09:00Swamp 2 0.2 0.2 0.2 09/26/2017 09:29 09/26/2017 09:00Swamp 3 0.2 0.3 0.2 09/25/2017 17:29 09/25/2017 17:00a Well was pumped clean before YSI handheld measured salinity

Table 3. Comparison of belowground salinity measurements taken September 2017 via autonomous sensors (In-Situ Aquatrolls) versus a "spot check" measured via handheld YSI salinity meter (units: parts per thousand = ppt). Reports typically provide summaries of hourly Aquatroll measurements of salinity as practical salinity units (psu) though measurements of total dissolved solids as parts per thousand (ppt) are also collected. Here we report both Aquatroll measurements to facilitate comparisons with handheld YSI measurements. Accuracy of the handheld YSI meter is 0.1 (ppt), while accuracy of the Aquatrolls is 0.001 (psu, ppt); Aquatroll values were rounded to the nearest 0.1 to facilitate comparisons.

RX¶G OLNH RQ XQOLVWHG WRSLFV -DPLH - shep.uga.edu Vegetation Monitoring Monthly... · 6hswhpehu 5hsruw s 7deoh wkhvh duh olnho\ uhfryhudeoh yld gluhfw vhqvru grzqordg 3urwrfro jrlqj

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