RP2U Unsyiah - Universitas Syiah Kuala

PREFACE

The 1st International Conference on Veterinary, Animal, and Environmental Sciences (ICVAES 2019) is an international conference organized by Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, that was held in Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia, on October 15-16, 2019. The present conference's theme is “Strengthening Food and Environmental Securities Through Development of Research and Technology in Veterinary, Animal, and Environmental Sciences”.

The 1st ICVAES 2019 provides a very unique for all of us because this conference covers a wide range of topics in the Veterinary and animal sciences such as in a veterinary pharmaceuticals, food safety, zoonotic disease, animal biotechnology, veterinary biotechnology, marine biotechnology, animal husbandry, aquaculture and also physiology, reproduction, parasitology and animal nutrition. This also provided in Environmental Sciences such as in environmental biology, animal biodiversity, marine biodiversity, natural resources, climate change, and animal conservation.

This conference is attended by 6 invited speakers Prof. Dr. drh. Bambang Purwantara, M.Sc (Department of Veterinary Clinic Reproduction and Pathology, IPB University, Indonesia), Dr. Nadine Ruppert (School of Biological Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Malaysia), Joe J. Figel, Ph.D. (Highline College, USA), Dr. Noor Khalidah Abdul Hamid (Pusat Pengajian Sains Kajihayat, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia), Dr. Julie Duboscq (The French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS, French), Prof. Dr. Faridah Hj. Hassan (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia).

It is also hoped that the conference will improve enhance collaborations in the future, between researchers from the countries in the region and those from various countries to solve the problems and to face the challenges of the Industrial Revolution 4.0. We sincerely hope that this conference will give a positive impact on every institution. All the accepted and presented manuscripts will be published as Proceeding in E3S Web of Conferences, indexed by Scopus, Thomson Reuters, Proquest, EBSCO, CAS, and DOAJ. Thank you to Rector Universitas Syiah Kuala, keynote speakers, invited speakers, the committee of ICVAES 2019, and all parties who have helped and provided support so that this conference can be held well.

Best regard,

Dr. Gholib, S.Pt., M.Si Chairman of ICVAES 2019

© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

E3S Web of Conferences 151, 00001 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/2020151000011st ICVAES 2019

EDITORIAL BOARD 1. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Antje Engelhardt (Liverpool John Moores University, UK).

2. Dr. Julie Duboscq (The French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), French).

3. Prof. Dr. drh. Bambang Purwantara, M.Sc (Department of Veterinary Clinic Reproduction and pathology, IPB, Indonesia).

4. Dr. Gholib, S.Pt., M.Si (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Indonesia).

5. Dr. Nadine Ruppert (School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia).

6. Dr. Noor Khalidah Abdul Hamid (Pusat Pengajian Sains Kajihayat, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia).

7. Dedi Fazriansyah Putra, S.St.Pi., M.Sc. (Faculty of Marine and Fisheries Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Indonesia).

8. Joe J. Figel, Ph.D. (Highline College, USA). 9. Dr. Muhammadar, S.T., M.P. (Faculty of Marine and Fisheries Sciences, Universitas

Syiah Kuala, Indonesia).

10. Prof. Dr. Muchlisin Z.A., S.Pi., M.Sc (Faculty of Marine and Fisheries Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Indonesia).

11. Prof. Dr. drh. Muslim Akmal, M.P (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Indonesia).

12. Prof. Dr. Faridah Hj. Hasan (InQKA Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia).

13. Prof. Dr. drh. Tongku Nizwan Siregar, M.P (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Indonesia).


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Committee of ICVAES 2019

Advisory Board

Prof. Dr. Ir. Samsul Rizal, M.Eng.

Prof. Dr. Ir. Marwan

Dr. Ir. Agussabti, M.Si.

Dr. Ir. Alfiansyah Yulianur BC

Dr. drh. Muhammad Hambal

Organizing Committee

Dr. Gholib, S.Pt. M.Si (Conference Chair)

Dr. drh. Henni Vanda, M.Si (Secretary)

drh. Teuku Reza Ferasyi, M.Sc., Ph.D (Treasurer)

Division of Publication Division of Logistic and Equipment

Dr. drh. Amalia Sutriana, M.Sc (Coordinator) Dr. drh. Nurliana, M.Si (Coordinator)

drh. Dwina Aliza, M.Sc Dr. drh. Sri Wahyuni

drh. Budianto Panjaitan, M.Si Dr. drh. Razali, M.Si

drh. Rumi Sahara Zamzami drh. Lian Varis Riandi, M.Si

drh. Mudhita Zikkrullah Ritonga, M.Vet Junaidi, S.T., MT

Wahyu Eka Sari, S.Si.,M.Si Dani Tri Utama

Dedi Fazriansyah Putra S.St.Pi., M.Sc

Division of Public Relation and Promotion Division of Event

Dr. drh. Sugito, M.Si (Coordinator) Dr. drh. Etriwati, M.Si (Coordinator)

Dr. drh. Farida, M.Si Dr. drh. Al Azhar, M.Kes

drh. Cut Dahlia Iskandar, M.Sc., Ph.D drh. Triva Murtina Lubis, M.P.

Siti Rani Ayuti, S.Pt, M.Si drh. M Daud AK, M.Si

Aris Muntahar, S.T. drh. Awaluddin


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CONTENTS

Cover i Preface ii Editorial Board iii Committee of ICVAES 2019 iv Contents v Conference Documentations xii Participant Articles 01001 Formulation And Investigation Antioxidant of O/W Cream Containing

Euphorbia Hirta L. Herb Extract Fadli A. Gani, Nadia Isnaini, and Siti Maryam

1-4

01002 Blood Hematology Profile at Postpartum in Ettawa Grade Does with Different Fatty Acid Fed Flushing Diets During The Late Gestation Periode and Different Litter Sizes Prasetyo Nugroho, Komang G. Wiryawan, Wasmen Manalu, and Dewi A. Astuti

5-7

01003 Hyperbaric Oxygen (HBO) Reduce Expression of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 Alpha (HIF-1 alpha) and Endometriotic Tissue Size in Mice Model of Endometriosis Dedy Syahrizal, Cut Mustika, Teuku Renaldi, Mohammad G. Suryokusumo, and Hendy Hendarto

8-11

01004 Physical Quality Assessment of Aceh Cattle Meat and Their Relationship With Meat Types and Hair Color Differences Al Azhar, Muslim Akmal, Muhammad Hambal, Mustafa Sabri, Teuku S. Rosa, Rahmaddiansyah Rahmaddiansyah, Bambang Purwantara, and Dasrul Dasrul

12-16

01005 The Use of Transrectal Massage Combined With Artificial Vagina as Semen Collection in Javan Banteng (Bos Javanicus) Bull Vincentia T. Yoelinda, Raden I. Arifiantini, Muhammad Agil, Dedi R. Setiadi, Yohana T. Hastuti, Jansen Manansang, and Dondin Sajuthi

17-20

01006 The Potency of Endophytic Fungi From The Bark of Syzygium Cumini (L.) Skeels as Antifungal Agents

Nurhaida Nurhaida, Syarifah A. Rashid, and Darah Ibrahim

21-24

01007 Validation of Commercial ELISA Kit for Non-Invasive Measurement of Cortisol Concentrations and The Evaluation of The Sampling Time of Blood and Fecal Sample in Aceh Cattle Gholib Gholib, Sri Wahyuni, Ahmad Wahyudi, Khoiriyah S. Silalahi, Muslim Akmal, Mustafa Sabri, and Taufiq P. Nugraha

25-30

01008 The Effectiveness of Lugol for Endometritis Therapy in Aceh Cow Juli Melia, Baroli Sadri, Tongku N. Siregar, Ginta Riady, Nuzul Asmilia, Muhammad Hanafiah, and Budianto Panjaitan

31-36


4

01009 Estrous Synchronization Using Prostaglandinn F2α (PGF2 α) and Combination of PGF2 α and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone in Ongole Crossbred Pudji Astuti, Claude M. Airin, Slamet Widiyanto, Sarmin Sarmin, Amelia Hana, Hera Maheshwari, and Luthfiralda Sjahfirdi

37-40

01010 Decreased Bull Fertility: Age-Related Changes in Sperm Motility and DNA Fragmentation Berlin P. Pardede, Iman Supriatna, Yudi Yudi, and Muhammad Agil

41-43

01011 Effect of Carica papaya L. Stem Bark Extracts On Cholesterol Concentration in Rats Induced with Streptosozin Safrida Safrida,and Mustafa Sabri

44-48

01012 Conservation Status of Shark Fish in The Aceh Province Coastal Area Hazia Awanis, Ismul. Huda, and Muhammad A. Sarong

49-52

01013 Oviposition Deterrent Activity and Ovicidal Effect of Pometia pinnata Leaves Extract Against Dengue Vector, Aedes aegypti (Diftera: Culicidae) Luthfi Suharyo, Rizqulla K. Arthari, and Fitria S.N. Rochmah, and Nodi Marefanda

53-56

01014 Who’s Responsible? Issues in Eradicating Marine Litter in Aceh Jaya Regency Ika Kusumawati, Mita Setyowati, Agung D. Syakti, Achmad Fahrudin, and Nodi Marefanda

57-59

01015 Correlation Between Testosterone Concentrations With Scrotal Circumference, and Semen Characteristics in Aceh Bulls Dasrul Dasrul, Sri Wahyuni, Sugito Sugito, Abdullah Hamzah, Zulzya Zaini, Abdul Haris, and Gholib Gholib

60-64

01016 Diversity and Activities of Mosquito in Yogyakarta Special Region Province, Indonesia, a Non Filariasis Endemic Area Siti Istianah, Budi Mulyaningsih, and Sitti R. Umniyati

65-68

01017 Effect of Yeast And Lactic Acid Bacteria Probiotics on The Growth of Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus Monodon), Microbiology and Water Quality Nurliana Nurliana, Fauzia Khairunisa, Baharuddin H. Siregar, Dicky H. M. Harahap, Wahyu E. Sari, Rumi S. Zamzami, and Siti R. Ayuti

69-72

01018 The Distribution of Malaria With Seasonal in Kokap Yogyakarta 2012-2017 Raden A.K Lestari, Novyan Lusiyana, and Fitria S. Nurochmah

73-77

01019 Entamoeba histolytica Neglected Tropical Diseases (Ntds) Agents That Infect Humans and Some Other Mammals: A review Junaidi Junaidi, Umi Cahyaningsih, Trioso Purnawarman, Hadri Latif, Etih Sudarnika, Zinatul Hayati, and Muslina Muslina

78-82

01020 The Correlation Between Spermatozoa Morphometry and The Testosterone Levels in The Epididymis of Aceh Cow

83-86


5

Sri Wahyuni, Gholib Gholib, Rizky Maulana, Dasrul Dasrul, Tongku. N. Siregar, Hamny Hamny, Muhammad Jalaluddin, Fadli A. Gani, Mudhita Z. Ritonga, and Muslim Akmal

01021 Isolation, Identification, and Critical Points of Risk of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Contamination at Aceh Cattle Breeding Center Teuku R. Ferasyi, Mahdi Abrar, Muhammad Subianto, Cut Afrianandra, Muhammad Hambal, Razali Razali, Ismail Ismail, Nurliana Nurliana, Rastina Rastina, Wahyu E. Sari, Safika Safika, Vierman Vierman, Nellita Mutia, Rina A. Barus, Yusmadi Yusmadi, Teuku S. Rosa, and Rezky Ramadhan

87-91

01022 Effect of Exposure to Palm Oil Mill Effluent on Reproductive Impairment of Male Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus 1758) Muliari Muliari, Yusrizal Akmal, Ilham Zulfahmi, Ni W. K. Karja, Chairun Nisa, Mahyana Mahyana, and Rindhira Humairani

92-96

01023 Effect of After-Treatment of Strychnos ligustrina Extract on The Percentage of Parasitemia in Mice Infected With Plasmodium Berghei Umi Cahyaningsih, Siti Sa’diah, Wasrin Syafii, Rita K. Sari, Harisyah M, and Maeda Wahyuningrum

97-99

01024 Potential Natural Aromatase Blockers on Enhance The Frequency and Sound Quality of Male Canaries Pudji Astuti, Claude M. Airin, Alfarisa Nurrurozi, Rizal Aidi, Amelia Hana, Susilo Hadi, and Harimurti Harimurti

100-102

01025 Occurrence of Fasciola gigantica and Paramphistomum spp Infection in Aceh Cattle Muhammad Hambal, Rizka Ayuni, Henni Vanda, Amiruddin Amiruddin, and Farida Athaillah

103-106

01026 Identification of Active Compounds of Kepok Banana Peel and The Effect on Testosterone Concentration in Male Rats With High-Fat Diet Baidillah Zulkifli, Muslim Akmal, Sri Wahyuni, Tongku N. Siregar, and Gholib Gholib

107-111

01027 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) 316 on Calpain Gene in Aceh Cattle Teuku S. Rosa, Al Azhar, Muslim Akmal , Muhammad Hambal, Triva M. Lubis, Teuku R. Ferasyi, Sukmawan F. Santosa

112-115

01028 Confirmation of Anopheles balabacensis as Natural Vector of Malaria Caused by Plasmodium knowlesi Inhabits Forested Areas in Kecamatan Balik Bukit, Western Lampung Regency Agus A. Wibowo, Sitti R. Umniyati, Jontari Hutagalung, and Tanti Rahayu

116-119

01029 Potential of Malacca Leaf (Phyllanthus-emblica) Against Salmonella sp Nuzul Asmilia, Mahdi Abrar, Yudha Fahrimal, Amalia Sutriana, and Yobeswi Husna

120-124


6

01030 Chemical Quality of Longissimus Muscles of Kacang Goat After Supplemented With A Combination of Palm Kernel Meal and Powdered Katuk Leaf

Razali Razali, Teuku R. Ferasyi, Azhari Azhari, Rastina Rastina, Ismail Ismail, Anwar Anwar, Rijanto Hutasoit, and Andi Tarigan

125-127

01031 Fecal Cortisol and Progesterone Concentrations in Post Partus of Etawah Crossbreed Goat Claude M. Airin, Amelia Hana, Sarmin Sarmin, and Pudji Astuti

128-131

01032 Growth Patterns Crassostrea sp in Various Cultural Media of Marine Water Area, Banda Aceh Fauzi Arja, Muhammad A. Sarong, Suhendrayatna Suhendrayatna, and Ismul Huda

132-135

01033 The Histomorphological Study on Testicular Cells of Hypercholesterolemia Rats Treated by Polysaccharides of Sea Cucumber, Holothuria nobilis Fitrah A. Ulhusna, Tutik Wresdiyati, and Adi Winarto

136-138

01034 Effect of Salix Tetrasperma Roxb. Extract on The Value of Feed Conversion Ratio, Carcass Weight, and Abdominal Fat Content of Broiler Chicken With Heat Stress Condition Sugito Sugito, Erdiansyah Rahmi, Mira Delima, Nurliana Nurliana, Rusli Rusli, and M. Isa

139-142

01035 Distribution of Insect Species as An Indicator for Determining Durian Tree Age in Pulo Seunong Plantations, Tangse-Pidie Rifki Mufti, Muhammad A. Sarong, Khairil Khairil, Safrida Safrida and Muhammad Sayuthi

143-145

01036 Deviation of Body Weight Estimation Using Lambourne Formula Against Aceh Bull’s Actual Body Weight Muhammad Hasan, Gholib Gholib, Utari D.M. Lubis, Nellita Meutia, Muhammad Hambal, Fadli A. Gani, dan Dian Masyitha

146-149

01037 Effect of Aloe Vera Extract in Reducing Formaldehyde in Salted Squid (Loligo indica) and Sensory Evaluation Safrida Safrida, Devi Syafrianti, and Irma Haryani

150-152

01038 Efficacy of Jatropha Curcas Latex Cream in The Epithelialization Phase of Wound Healing in Mice Skin Muhammad N. Salim, Moma Silvia, Dwinna Aliza, Dian Masyitha, Cut D. Iskandar, Rusli Rusli, Sugito Sugito, Muhammad Hasan, Mustafa Sabri, and Abdul Haris

153-158

01039 Identification and Characterization of Protamine1 Gene in Aceh Cattle Teuku Z. Helmi, Muhammad Hambal, Sugito Sugito, Rumi S. Zamzami, and Muslim Akmal

159-163

01040 Detection of Blood Parasites in Cattle in Kutalimbaru Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatera

164-166


7

Mudhita Z. Ritonga, Andhika Putra, Agun Prastia, Firdaus Nasution, Risdawati Br. Ginting

01041 Levels Of Protein and Fat Produced by Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia Illucens) Larvae in The Bioconversion of Organic Waste Heni aristi, Era H. Mudji, Koesnoto Soepranianondo, Nenny Haridjani, and Zelvy Aprilia

167-169

01042 In Vitro Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity Of Coffee Grounds Extracts Against Fish Pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila Wahyu E. Sari, Muhammad Hambal, Henni Vanda, Maryulia Dewi, Rumi S. Zamzami, Sukmawan F. Santosa, Mudhita Z. Ritonga, Awaluddin Awaluddin, Siti R. Ayuti, Roby Luksmana, Femi J. Sari, and Sri Wahyuni

170-172

01043 Acute Toxicity Test of Pigeon Pea Leaves Extract (Cajanus cajan) in Rats Tutik Wresdiyati, Stephany Stephany, Ekowati Handharyani, Siti Sa’diah, and Made Astawan

173-176

01044 Potential of Flamboyant Flower (Delonix regia (Boj. ex Hook) Raf) Extract To Maintain Post-Dilution Quality Of Aceh Cattle (Bos taurus indicus) Spermatozoa Marlina Muhammad, Kartini Eriani, Aida Fithri, Amalia Rusdi, and Hendra Saputra

177-181

01045 Comparison of Estrous Performance and Progesterone Level of Kacang Goats Induced by PGF2α Versus Ovsynch Protocol Budianto Panjaitan, Almira Dewi, Fadli FR. Nasution, Mulyadi Adam, Tongku N. Siregar, Cut N. Thasmi, and Syafruddin Syafruddin

182-185

01046 Anthelmintic Activity of Curcuma Aeruginosa Roxb. Extract on Fasciola gigantica In Vitro Henni Vanda, Rizki Parindra, Muhammad Hambal and Farida Athaillah

186-188

01047 The Amino Acid Contents in Mangrove Rhizophora mucronata Leaves in Asahan, North Sumatra, Indonesia Sri S. Ningsih, Dafit Ariyanto, Dian Puspitasari, Anuraga Jayanegara, Hamim

Hamim, and Heru Gunawan

189-191

01048 Recipient Selection to Support The Success Rate of Frozen-Thawed Belgian Blue Embryo Transfer Weni Kurniati, Muhammad Agil, Bambang Purwantara, and Muhammad Imron

192-196

01049 Survey to Investigate The Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Pet Owners on Animal Health Control in The City of Banda Aceh Amiruddin Amiruddin, Teuku R. Ferasyi Erdiansyah Rahmi, Rusli Sulaiman, Farida Athaillah, Muhammad Hambal, Erwin Erwin, Muhammad Hasan, Muhammad Jalaluddin, Muhammad N. Salim, Razali Daud, Teuku S. Rosa and Habiburrahman Habiburrahman

197-200

01050 The Length-Weight Relationship of Metapenaeopsis mogiensis in North Aceh 201-203


8

Waters, Indonesia

Abdullah A. Muhammadar, Dedi F. Putra, Maria Ulfa, Zulfahmi Zulfahmi, and Muhammad A. Sarong

01051 Histology of Watersnake (Enhydris enhydris) Lung

Zainuddin Zainuddin, Nurul Fadhilah, Dian Masyitha, Muhammad N. Salim, Erdiansyah Rahmi, Fadli A. Gani, and Muhammad Jalaluddin

204-207

01052 Histology of Watersnake (Enhydris enhydris) Digestive System Dian Masyitha, Lena Maulidar, Zainuddin Zainuddin, Muhammad N. Salim, Dwinna Aliza, Fadli A. Gani, and Rusli Rusli

208-212

01053 Health Status Examination of Sumatran Elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) Using Ultrasonography, Cortisol Analysis and Parasite Identification in Aek Nauli Elephant Conservation Camp (ANECC) and Tangkahan Conservation Response Unit (CRU), North Sumatera Juli Melia, Amalia Sutriana, Muhammad Hanafiah, Muhammad Wahyu, Anhar Lubis, Aulia Fakhrurrozi, Teuku A. Maulana, and Masyitah N. Sari

213-218

01054 Antibacterial Activity of Curcuma longa (turmeric), Curcuma zedoaria (zedoary), and Allium sativum (garlic) Nanoparticle Extract on Chicken With Chronic Respiratory Disease Complex: In vivo Study Ekowati Handharyani, Lina N. Sutardi, Aulia A. Mustika, Andriani Andriani, and Sri Yuliani

219-223

01055 Mechanisms of Dermatophyte Invasion pn New Zealand Rabbit Skin Models Faisal Jamin, Sri Estuningsih, Eko S. Pribadi, and Ekowati Handharyani

224-228

01056 Profile of Haematology and Biochemistry of Aceh Polled and Horned Cow Yudha Fahrimal, Nuzul Asmilia, Siti Aisyah, Fitri R. Yanti, Erina Erina, Farida Athaillah, and Al Azhar

229-233

01057 Case Report of Adenocarcinoma on Palpebral of Rotweiler Dog: A Histopathological Evaluation Dwinna Aliza, Nazaruddin Nazaruddin, Ari R. Siregar, Arman Sayuti, Etriwati Etriwati, Denny I. Hasan, and Awaluddin Awaluddin

234-237

01058 Potency of Murraya koenigii Leaves as Anti-Cancer Mammary in 7.12 dimethylbenz(α) anthracene (DMBA) induced-Sprague Dawley Rats Siti Aisyah, Ekowati Handharyani, Nurliani Bermawie, and Agus Setiyono

238-242

01059 Material Types of Breeding Container of Dengue Vectors in Kuta Alam Sub-District Banda Aceh City Farida Athaillah, Nur A. Hashim, Muhammad Hambal, Henni Vanda, Yudha Fahrimal, Wahyu E. Sari, Muttaqien Bakri, Eliawardani Eliawardani, and Lian V. Liandi

243-247

01060 Mangrove Ecosystem Suitability for Ecotourism Management Recommendation in Iboih Village - Sabang Cut Nelly, Saida Rasnovi, and Zumaidar Zumaidar

248-253


9

01061 Non-Invasive Measurement of Cortisol Metabolite in Feces of Toraya Buffalo

by Using Enzyme Immunoassay Technique Gholib Gholib, Fatri H. R. A. Pampang, Triva M. Lubis, Mulyadi Adam, Muhammad Jalaluddin, Razali Razali, Azhar Azhar, and Teuku F. Karmil

254-258

01062 Blood Profile and Reflex Righting in Central Pain Induced Rats After Administration of Sernai Leaf Extract (Wedelia biflora) Rinidar Rinidar, Muhammad Isa, Muhammad Hasan, Teuku Armansyah, Rumi S. Zamzami, and Siti R. Ayuti

259-262

01063 Effect of Kepok Banana Peel Extract (Musa spp.) on The Number of Pituitary Basophil Cells in Rats (Rattus novergicus) With High-Fat Diet Nora Usrina, Muslim Akmal, Rinidar Rinidar, Mustafa Sabri, and Gholib Gholib

263-266

01064 Effect of Noni Fruit Extract (Morinda citrifolia L.) in Citrate-Yolk Diluent on The Boer Goat Spermatozoa Motility Stored at Temperature 50C Cut N. Thasmi, Muhammad Ikhsanuddin, Hamdan Hamdan, Dasrul Dasrul, Muhammad N. Salim, and Al Azhar

267-271

01065 Effects of Astaxanthin on The Skin Color of Green Swordtail, Xyphophorus helleri Dedi F Putra, Ahmad Qadri, Sayyid A. El-Rahimi, and Norhayati Othman

272-275

01066 Anti-inflammatory Activity of Ethanol Extract from Malacca Leaves (Phyllanthus emblica) in Carrageenan-induced Male Mice Nuzul Asmilia, Amalia Sutriana, Dwinna Aliza, and Nurfadilla Sudril

276-278


10

CONFERENCE DOCUMENTATIONS


11

* Corresponding author: [email protected]

Anthelmintic Activity of Curcuma Aeruginosa Roxb Extract on Fasciola gigantica in Vitro

Henni Vanda1, Rizki Parindra2, Muhammad Hambal3*, and Farida Athaillah3

1 Laboratory of Pharmacology , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala 2 Study Program of Veterinary Education, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala 3 Laboratory of Parasitology , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala

Abstract. Fasciola gigantica is a parasite that causes a disruption of the metabolism of fats, proteins, and

carbohydrates, which interferes growth and causes death. Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb extract is one of the

medicinal plants which has been used to treat several diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the

effect of methanolic extract of C. aeruginosa Roxb on F. gigantica, including mortality time and

histopathological changes that occurred after treatment. This study used a completely randomized design with

five replications. The flukes were soaked in three different extract concentrations: 10% (T1), 25% (T2), and

50% (T3) (w/v). Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution was used as a negative control (C1) and

albendazole as the positive control (C2). The mortality time of F. gigantica in each group was calculated, and

the dead flukes were prepared for histopathological study. The data were analyzed by Analysis of variance.

The results showed that C. aeruginosa extracts at the concentration of 10, 25 and 50% caused the death of the

flukes within 75, 57 and 48 minutes, respectively., Histopathological observations showed that the extract

caused breakage of tegument which is an important organ in the respiratory process and nutrient absorption.

This study concluded that C. aeruginosa extract exhibited anthelmintic activity towards F. gigantica in vitro.

Keywords: Fasciola gigantica, Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb extract, albendazole, pathological changes.

1 Introduction

Fasciolosis is a disease that causes low productivity and a

low population of ruminants, which contribute to great

economic loss. Fasciolosis is caused by trematode

Fasciola gigantica (tropic) and Fasciola hepatica

(subtropic) which occurred in the liver and bile duct.

Animals which are exposed to fasciolosis are usually

ruminants, but several cases were also reported in human.

The control of fasciolosis mainly by anthelmintic drugs,

however, the effectiveness of the drugs is decreased due

to indiscriminate use which leads to parasite resistance.

Furthermore, chemical drugs may be toxic to animals, and

there is also a chemical residue problem that needs to be

resolved [1]. The search for safe, effective, and affordable

anthelmintic is compulsory, and plant-based anthelmintic

is a preference to cope with these problems [2].

One of the plants which have been used as medicine

is Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. This plant is also known as

black turmeric, belongs to the family of Zingiberaceae,

which has been used as raw material for medicine and

cosmetics in Southeast Asia. The rhizome of C.

aeruginosa was traditionally used to treat gastrointestinal

problems such as diarrhea and fungal infections [3]. The

rhizome was also reported to have pharmacological

activities in treating various diseases such as tumors,

asthma, and bronchitis [4]. However not much

information is available about the use of this plant as

anthelmintic, therefore this study was conducted to

explore the ability of C. aeruginosa extract as

anthelmintic to treat fasciolosis in vitro.

2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Collection of the Parasites

Mature F. gigantica were collected from liver cattle

slaughtered at Banda Aceh abattoir in PBS solution and

examined immediately to avoid any disruption.

2.2 Plants Extraction

Five hundred grams of the dried ground rhizome of C.

aeruginosa Robx. were extracted with cold maceration

using 96% methanol. The plants were soaked in 2 L of

methanol for three days at room temperature. The filtrate

was then collected and the solvent was removed by rotary

evaporator at 40 oC. The crude extract was resuspended in

phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and diluted to the

desired concentration. If necessary, 0.5% of

carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was added to the

solution.

2.3 Anthelmintic assay on Fasciola gigantica

This study used three different concentrations for each

extract (n=5): T1 (10%), T2 (25%), and T3 (50%).

Albendazole 0.24 mg/ml was used as the positive control

© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0

(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).


mailto:[email protected]

(C2), and PBS was used as the negative control (C1). The

flukes were placed in petri dishes for each treatment and

incubated at room temperature. The observation was

conducted every 15 minutes until all the flukes died. The

fluke's motility was recorded by the score index, and the

mortality time was recorded.

2.4 Mortality time

Mortality time was determined by observing the motility

of the flukes and examined under the microscope. The

movement of the flukes was observed until they showed

no movement. To ensure the flukes had died, they were

submerged into lukewarm water (60 oC).

2.5 Sample Preparation for Histopathology Examination

The flukes were further examined for histopathological

changes after C. aeruginosa extract treatment. The flukes

were set for paraffin embedding and fixed in 10%

formalin for 24 hours, then dehydrated in ascending

concentration of ethanol. The samples were cleared by

xylol and then embedded in paraffin wax. The samples

were dissected longitudinally at 3-5 µm thickness and

stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The observation of

abnormalities was carried out on each section under a

light microscope (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan), and

photographed [1].

3 Results and Discussion

The mortality time of flukes in each treatment was varied,

and the longest duration was owned by negative control

with the average time was 411 minutes. The average

mortality time for T1, T2, and T3 were 75, 57, and 48

minutes, respectively. As for positive control, all of the

flukes were dead within 30 minutes. The mortality time of

flukes is provided in Figure 1.

Phosphate buffered saline was used as a negative

control as this solvent has osmolarity and ions

concentration similar to body fluid (isotonic). PBS is also

non-toxic therefore it is suitable for biological research.

From Figure 1 it was shown that the flukes were stable in

PBS until 180 minutes, then the motility was decreased

gradually till 345 minutes. At 355 minutes, all flukes had

no motility, and at 495 minutes all flukes were dead.

The treatment group had interesting results, where

T3 (50% extract) showed the best activity on F. gigantica

with average mortality time was 48 minutes. At 45

minutes of treatment, 60% of flukes were dead, and at 60

minutes, all flukes died. For T2 (25% extract), all flukes

showed no body movement at 30 minutes, and they were

all dead at 75 minutes. T1 (10%) had the lowest activity,

flukes showed no movement at 45 minutes, then 80% of

flukes died at 75 minutes. Within 90 minutes, all flukes

died.

The mortality time of T1 was significantly different

from C1 (p<0.05), whereas T2 and T3 had no different

from C1 (p>0.05). The concentration of 25% and 50% had

the same effect as albendazole on F. gigantica in vitro,

therefore this extract had potential as anthelmintics (Table

1). This finding is essential since not much information is

available for the use of this extract to treat trematodes.

Figure 1. Percentage of Fasciola gigantica survived after

treatment. C1: negative control; C2: positive control; T1: 10% extract; T2: 25% extract; T3: 50% extract.

Table 1. Mortality time of F. gigantica in treatment and

control group

Mortality time

C1 C2 T1 T2 T3

Fasciola

gigantica 411 ± 5.7c 30 ± 0.0a 75 ± 10.6b 57 ± 12.5ab 48 ± 12.5ab

Different superscript in mortality time shows significant differences in

each treatment. (p<0.05). C1: negative control; C2: positive control; T1:

10% extract; T2: 25% extract; T3: 50% extract.

Curcuma aeruginosa has been used as anthelmintic

as reported by Siahaan et al. [5], they found out the

decreased of worm infection in children after being

treated by this rhizome. C. aeruginosa was also effective

in treating adult worm and eggs of Ascaris suum in vitro

[6]. However, little information is reported about using

this plant for trematode infection.

Chemical composition of C. aeruginosa has been

reported by several authors [7-11] which contained

terpenes (curcumenol, isocurcumenol, germacrone),

curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, steroids, phenols,

tannins, and saponins. Monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes

are acetylcholine antagonists, which interfere with muscle

contraction of flukes, lead to paralysis, and eventually

death.

Histopathological findings of the treatment group as

well as positive control indicated the breakage of flukes’

tegument, as shown in Figure 2. Tegument is an important

organ for F. gigantica especially in respiration, nutrient

absorption, and other metabolic function. Hamilton et al.

[12] further stated that tegument has a role in suppressing

host immune system, and driving inflammatory response

associated with immunopathology. It explains the dead of

flukes once the tegument is damaged. The spine of

tegument also degenerated, and to some extent, perished.

Reproductive organs were also disrupted by this

extract, indicated by the disintegration of testes (Figure 3).

In the intestine of flukes, villi desquamation was also

observed (Figure 4).

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

15 30 45 60 75 90 375 435 495

Flu

kes

surv

ival

(%

)

Time (minute)

C1

C2

T1

T2

T3

2


Figure 2. Histology of tegument of Faciola gigantica in control

and treatment groups. A. C1 (negative control). B. C2 (positive

control). C. 10% extract. D. 25% extract. E. 50% extract.

Figure 3. Histology of disintegrated testes of Fasciola gigantica

in control and treatment groups. A. C1 (negative control). B. C2 (positive control). C. 10% extract. D. 25% extract. E. 50%

extract.

Figure 4. Histology of intestine desquamation of Fasciola

gigantica in control and treatment groups. A. C1 (negative

control). B. C2 (positive control). C. 10% extract. D. 25%

extract. E. 50% extract.

4 Conclusion

This study showed that the C. aeruginosa extract had potential as an anthelmintic to treat fasciolosis caused by F. gigantica in vitro. The extract had an impact on tegument breakage which was an essential organ for F. gigantica in respiratory and nutrient absorption. The extract also disrupted reproductive organs, showed by the disintegration of testes, and it attacked intestine by causing intestine desquamation.

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