Role of Agricultuere_1

ROLE OF AGRICULTURE IN PAKISTAN ECONOMY

Muhammad Umar Internee of ZTBL

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M.umar

Govt. Post Graduate College Bahawalpur.

Name Page NoExecutive Summary 03

Agriculture plays an important role in Pakistan economy 04

Objective of agriculture 05

Crops 06

Agriculture production system 10

Molecular Breeding 12Budget approved for research in the agriculture sector of Pakistan 15

Role of Zarai Taraqiati bank limited (ZTBL) 17

Conclusion 23

Recommendation 24

Reference 26

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Executive Summary

Agriculture plays an important role in the national economy of Pakistan, where

most of the rapidly increasing population resides in rural areas and depends on

agriculture for subsistence. Biotechnology has considerable potential for promoting

the efficiency of crop improvement, food production, and poverty reduction. Use

of modern biotechnology started in Pakistan since 1985. Currently, there are 29

biotech centers/institutes in the country.

The object of Agriculture has changed form “self-reliance” to

“Commercialization” and this is called Economic operation in Agriculture. This

research comprising the several variables having some predictors and self-

sufficient. Gross Domestic product is one of the well-built indicators to measure

the growth pattern of the economy. It notifies the Aggregate value of all final

goods and services produced within a country over the specific time period.

According to the World Bank the GDP of Pakistan was $161.99 Billion or

5,475,716 Million in PKR in the year 2009.

Banking is one of the most sensitive businesses all over the world. Banks play very

important role in the economy of every country all over the world and Pakistan is

no exemption. ZTBL is playing its one of the most important role in the

development of the Agriculture Sector of the Pakistan. On 14th December 2002,

under the ordinance of the Agricultural Development of the Pakistan 1961, ZTBL

was incorporated as Public Limited Company. This Bank severs its venerated

customers in the form of different customized products. It is providing both type of

severs financial and non-financials mostly to its clients of the rural areas of the

Pakistan, which comprises of 68% of the Pakistan’s total population.

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Agriculture plays an important role in the national economy of Pakistan, where

most of the rapidly increasing population resides in rural areas and depends on

agriculture for subsistence. Biotechnology has considerable potential for promoting

the efficiency of crop improvement, food production, and poverty reduction. Use

of modern biotechnology started in Pakistan since 1985. Currently, there are 29

biotech centers/institutes in the country. However, few centers have appropriate

physical facilities and trained manpower to develop genetically modified crops.

Most of the activities have been on rice and cotton, which are among the top 5

crops of Pakistan. Biotic (virus/bacterial/insect) and a-biotic (salt) resistant and

quality (male sterility) genes have already been incorporated in some crop plants.

Despite acquiring capacity to produce transgenic plants, no genetically modified

crops, either produced locally or imported, have been released in the country.

Pakistan is signatory to the World Trade Organization, Convention on Biological

Diversity, and Cartagena protocols. Concerted and coordinated efforts are needed

among various ministries for implementation of regulation and capacity building

for import-export and local handling of GM crops. Pakistan could easily benefit

from the experience of Asian countries; especially China and India, where

conditions are similar and the agriculture sector is almost like that of Pakistan.

Thus, the exchange of information and experiences is important among these

nations.

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Objective of agriculture:

The object of Agriculture has changed form “self-reliance” to

“Commercialization” and this is called Economic operation in Agriculture.

Farming supplies is now being changed instead to individual benefits but as

exchange commercial business. The aim of production converted into

maximization the profitable level. Similarly the concept of self-sufficiency has

become changed into profit maximization. This research comprising the several

variables having some predictors and self-sufficient. Gross Domestic product is

one of the well-built indicators to measure the growth pattern of the economy. It

notifies the Aggregate value of all final goods and services produced within a

country over the specific time period. According to the World Bank the GDP of

Pakistan was $161.99 Billion or 5,475,716 Million in PKR in the year 2009.

.

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Major crops:

The major crops grown are wheat, rice, cotton, sugarcane, and maize. Gram

and other pulses, oil seeds, and fodder crops are also grown in different parts

of the country on sizeable areas. In Pakistan, the average yields of crops, despite

rapid increase in the Green Revolution era, are still low compared to other

countries. A large gap exists between the potential and realized yield for almost all

the major crops. With a few exceptions, the average yield of most of the crops is

either stagnant or has even declined during the last decade, while input costs and

amounts of fertilizers, pesticides, etc. continued to increase.

The most important crops are wheat, sugarcane, cotton, and rice, which together

account for more than 75% of the value of total crop output.

Pakistan's largest food crop is wheat. In 2005, Pakistan produced 21,591,400

metric tons of wheat, more than all of Africa (20,304,585 metric tons) and nearly

as much as all of South America (24,557,784 metric tons), according to the FAO.

The country is expected to harvest 25 to 23 million tons of wheat in 2012.

Pakistan has also cut the use of dangerous pesticides dramatically.

Pakistan is a net food exporter, except in occasional years when its harvest is

adversely affected by droughts. Pakistan exports rice, cotton, fish, fruits (especially

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Oranges and Mangoes), and vegetables and imports vegetable oil, wheat, cotton,

pulses and consumer foods. The country is Asia's largest camel market, second-

largest apricot and ghee market and third-largest cotton, onion and milk market.

The economic importance of agriculture has declined since independence, when its

share of GDP was around 53%. Following the poor harvest of 1993, the

government introduced agriculture assistance policies, including increased support

prices for many agricultural commodities and expanded availability of agricultural

credit. From 1993 to 1997, real growth in the agricultural sector averaged 5.7% but

has since declined to about 4%. Agricultural reforms, including increased wheat

and oilseed production, play a central role in the government's economic reform

package.

Pakistan's agriculture output is utilized:

Much of the Pakistan's agriculture output is utilized by the country's growing

processed-food industry. The value of processed retail food sales has grown 12

percent annually during the Nineties and was estimated at over $1 billion in 2000,

although supermarkets accounted for just over 10% of the outlets

Federal Bureau of Statistics

The Federal Bureau of Statistics provisionally valued major crop yields at Rs.504,

868 million in 2005 thus registering over 55% growth since 2000 while minor crop

yields were valued at Rs.184, 707 million in 2005 thus registering over 41%

growth since 2000. The exports related to the agriculture sector in 2009–10 are Rs

288.18 billion including food grains, vegetables, fruits, tobacco, fisheries products,

spices and livestock.

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Livestock

Main article: Animal husbandry in Pakistan

According to the Economic Survey of Pakistan, the livestock sector contributes

about half of the value added in the agriculture sector, amounting to nearly 11 per

cent of Pakistan's GDP, which is more than the crop sector. The leading daily

newspaper Jang reports that the national herd consists of 24.2 million cattle, 26.3

million buffaloes, 24.9 million sheep, 56.7 million goats and 0.8 million camels. In

addition to these there is a vibrant poultry sector in the country with more than 530

million birds produced annually. These animals produce 29.472 million tons of

milk (making Pakistan the 4th largest producer of milk in the world), 1.115 million

tons of beef, 0.740 million tons of mutton, 0.416 million tons of poultry meat,

8.528 billion eggs, 40.2 thousand tons of wool, 21.5 thousand tons of hair and 51.2

million skins and hides.

Food and Agriculture Organization reported:

The Food and Agriculture Organization reported in June 2006 that in Pakistan,

government initiatives are being undertaken to modernize milk collection and to

improve milk and milk product storage capacity.

The Federal Bureau of Statistics provisionally valued this sector at Rs.758, 470

million in 2005 thus registering in The Year 2000 are 70%.

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Fishery

Main article: Fishing in Pakistan

Fishery and fishing industry plays an important role in the national economy of

Pakistan. With a coastline of about 1046 km, Pakistan has enough fishery

resources that remain to be fully developed. It is also a major source of export

earnings.

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Agricultural production system:

The agricultural production system in the country can operate on sound scientific

and stable bases only if farm technology is kept in tune with the changing

environmental and socio-economic conditions through an efficient and dynamic

agricultural research system (ARS). Biotechnology is one of the recently emerging

sciences that developed very quickly in different fields affecting human life. It

shows a huge potential in helping mankind solve problems that are difficult to deal

with using traditional methods. This science has passed the period of academic

study and has reached the phase of practical application on a large scale. In

agriculture, biotechnology has been applied in different fields, including the

production of genetically modified (GM) crops. Biotechnology has considerable

potential for promoting the efficiency of crop improvement, food production, and

poverty reduction, especially in developing countries like Pakistan.

Agriculture Biotechnology in Pakistan:

First training course on recombinant DNA technology was organized at the

Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan, one of

the 3 agricultural centers of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC).

This workshop recommended the establishment of an exclusive National Center of

Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering. Meanwhile, the United Nations Industrial

Development Organization (UNIDO) initiated efforts to establish an International

Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), and Pakistan applied

for locating such a center in the country. Two review missions visited Pakistan for

evaluation, and Pakistan was short listed. Unfortunately it was not built in

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Pakistan, and ICGEB was divided into 2 parts, located in New Delhi, India, and

Trieste, Italy. Biotechnology research has been carried out at many of the research

centers in Pakistan. There are now more than 300 scientists working in 29 research

centers conducting biotechnology research on various aspects of different crops,

and about US $17 million has been invested by the government in biotechnology

research and development during the last 3-4 years.

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Molecular Breeding:

In Pakistan, most of the crop improvement activities using modern biotechnology

are focused on rice and cotton, which are among the top 5 crops of Pakistan.

Brassica, chickpea, chilies, cucurbits, potato, sugarcane, tobacco, and tomato have

recently been taken up. Among indigenously developed GM crops, cotton is at a

fairly advanced stage of commercialization. Similarly, virus-resistant and salinity-

tolerant GM cotton is at the field stage of evaluation. Following cotton is basmati

rice, which has also been evaluated in the field for 2 years although not yet

submitted for approval. Three other GM plants (sugarcane, potato, and tomato) are

also in greenhouses at the field stage. Although transgenic plants of these crops

have been obtained, field evaluation was hampered due to the delays in approval of

biosafety guidelines. No GM crop has been approved for commercial cultivation so

far in Pakistan under Pakistan Biosafety Rules (2005). National bio-safety rules by

the Ministry of Environment (MOEnv) have now provided an opportunity to

evaluate the GM crops for safe release into the environment and for commercial

cultivation. There are now 10 cases of GM crop plants being submitted to the

National Biosafety Committee (NBC) for evaluation/approval.

All regulated laboratory research is classified into

(l) Minimal level of risk,

(2) Low risk, or

(3) Considerable risk,

(5) Laboratory containment conditions

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For regulated field work, comprehensive containment conditions have been prescribed separately

for GM microorganism’s plants and animals.

Pakistan has made considerable progress in the research and development sector of

agriculture biotechnology and has developed several GM crops. However,

commercial release is hampered due to delays and weak capacity of regulatory

bodies related to biosafety and IPR (Plant Breeders Rights).There is an illegal

spread of biotech (BT) cotton on a large area due to strong demand of farmer

community. So far, development of GM crops has remained exclusively in the

public sector, but lately multinational companies (MNCs) have made the initiative

to enter into the market under new conducive regulatory regimes that need to be

further strengthened. Capacity building in regulating authorities aided by strict

legal control is a prerequisite for safe and sustainable use of agricultural

biotechnology. It is expected that the farmers of Pakistan will reap the benefits of

legally released and indigenously developed biotech crops in the next 1-2 years.

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Agriculturists don’t feel comfortable with the new budget. While it is understandable that agriculture sector is a devolved subject but point out that when government has come up with allocations for health and education sectors, which, too are devolved ministries, agriculture should have been given considerable allocations in some sectors.

According to them, the Rs405-million allocation for bio-technology, hybrid seed production for enhanced crop production, agriculture research, among others is nominal. In water resource development, an allocation of Rs38.2 billion is earmarked for irrigation projects including small and medium dams, check and delay action dams, canals and improvement of existing irrigation system will for living of irrigation channels in saline zones in Punjab, Sindh and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Rs3 billion is allocated. Again, they say, it will not be helpful.

The levy of 16 per cent GST on goods remain unchanged – something that is in sharp contrast to the demand of farmers’ bodies that it must go or at least drastically reduced – given the fact that it has a direct impact on their per-acre cost of production.  Agriculturalists see no relief in terms of cost of diesel, whose frequent hikes are dealing a blow to the sector.

Successive massive floods in 2010 and 2011 hit the irrigation infrastructure in Sindh, rendering colossal damages to irrigation channels, distributaries and canals.  Irrigation system has a direct linkage with agriculture sector if enhanced productive is to be achieved. Huge silt deposits in canals and subsequent delay in de-silting of canals has always be a matter of concern for growers because their farmland especially those at tail-end of canal system don’t get regular supply of water even when there is adequate flows in the system. The situation gets complicated when there is severe water shortage.

Therefore the farmers want the government to pay serious attention to rehabilitation of damaged irrigation channels in the wake of 2010 super floods and 2011 heavy rains. In 2010, the super floods mainly hit areas located on right bank of River Indus and 2011 heavy rains damaged water channels and saline water drains in areas located on left bank of the river.

“The top priority of Sindh government in 2012-13 fiscal year’s budget should be rehabilitation of drains and canals infrastructure and we expect the government to handle the situation cautiously”, says Dr. Nadeem Qamar, president Sindh Chamber of Agriculture (SCA). He says the allocations for health and education are higher than agriculture sector.

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Budget approved for research in the agriculture sector of Pakistan

The agriculture sector of Pakistan is the most important to the country’s economic growth. However, over the last few years, this sector has been suffering from lack of research and new techniques. Considering this situation, the Punjab Agriculture Research Board (PARB) has approved budget of Rs 450 million for the year 2012-13 for funding high priority research projects under competitive grant system. This approval was made in the 27th

meeting of PARB that was held with the Provincial Minister for Agriculture, Malik Ahmad Ali.

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According to official sources, 30 new agriculture research projects and ongoing projects under the supervision of PARB were also approved during this meeting. The board also reviewed the progress of 12 projects currently being funded by PARB and expressed their satisfaction after evaluating them thoroughly.

During the meeting, the agriculture minister encouraged PARB as well as other agriculture experts to construct effective agricultural policies for productivity enhancement and resource conservation. He further added that “Agriculture and livestock sector is top priority of the Punjab Government as these vital sectors contribute a major role in economic development of Pakistan.”

Currently, the Punjab government is putting in a great deal of effort to increase result oriented research in agriculture sector of Pakistan. A few of the projects have already started to show positive outcomes for the sector. It is hoped that with the introduction of new technologies over the coming years, the agriculture sector would become more efficient and productive

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Zarai Taraqiati bank limited formulated known as agricultural development bank

of Pakistan is now one the main credit supplier to the agricultural sector in the

country. It was established in 1961 by the merger of agricultural development

finance corporation (ADFC) and the agriculture bank of Pakistan (ABP). The

ZTBL has its head office in Islamabad in reorganization; it has been converted into

a public company. The ZTBL concentrates on modernization of agriculture,

increased farm productivity with emphases on the provision of credit to small

farmer and rural women. The credit is provided to the farming community for the

purchase of primary inputs like fertilizers pesticides machinery, poultry farming,

and dairy farming etc. It aims at rural self-employment and poverty reduction of

the farmers in villages.

1) Adoption of village based banking:

The Zarai Tarqiati bank limited initially started branch based credit scheme to the

farmer as most of the farmer were not able to get benefits from the loans advanced

by ADBP. Ti introduced supervised credit scheme in 1979. The supervised credit

scheme is a farmer oriented scheme. Under this scheme the potential farmer’s ate

technology ate provided to them after necessary documentation in their own

village. The scheme Is, therefore, village based rather than branch based.

The ZTBL advances, short, medium, and low term loans to the farmers. The short

terms loans are given for financing the cost of raising processing and marketing of

crops and other agro-based industries. The medium term loans are provided for the

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purchased of agriculture implement, leveling of land and setting up of agro-based

industries the long term loans ate provided for the purchase of tractor , installation

of tube-wells, construction of warehouses etc. the various loan operations are as

under.

2)ZTBL role in poverty reduction:

The ZTBL is supplementing the Government program for poverty

alleviation. It is providing financial assistance to rural poor in

(i) Credit program for women and

(ii) Micro credit scheme.

3)Farm mechanization and water resource development:

The ZTBL is helping the farmer for increasing farm productivity and achieving

self-sufficiency in food production. For achieving this objective, the bank has played a key role

in providing finance for the purchase of tractor, installation of tube-wells, threshers, combine

harvester and other farm implements which help in increasing farm yield.

4)Sada Bahar scheme:

For providing timely input loans for crops and working capital for poultry and fishery etc,

the Bank has launched a Sada Bahar Scheme. Assessment for inputs requirements for the

whole year is made at the time of first application. The amount so assessed is treated as

Revolving Limit provided it is within the security limit. The Managers are authorized to

sanction such loan limits up toRs.O.500 million.

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5) One window operation:

ZTBL has launched a one-window operation to enhance credit facilities particularly to

small farmers. This will facilitate to cater for purchase for inputs during peak sowing

season of both Rabi and Kharif Crops with the collaboration of Provincial Governments,

Revenue Officials and Postal Authorities. Agriculture Pass books are issued at the spot to

intending new borrowers. Their land records entered and loans are sanctioned at focal

points whereas payments are released on the very next day from the concerned branch.

During July-March, 2006-07, an amount of Rs 9.069 billion has been disbursed under this

scheme

6) Crop loan Insurance Scheme Benazir Tractor Scheme

In order to bridge the gap between demand and supply position of tractor in

the country, the federal Government has decided to launch accelerated

agriculture mechanization for productivity enhancement, “Benazir tractor

scheme” through ZTBL.

The scheme envisages supply of 10000 tractors during 2009 to 10 to farmers

to be selected through computerized balloting for grant of subsidy up to 50%

of the of the tractor subject to maximum of Rs. 200,000 per

beneficiary/tractor.

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Salient feature:

Operational jurisdiction:

Throughout Pakistan including FATA, FANA, AJ & K &

Fedral Capital Aria, Islamabad.

Time line/ Schedule

Application under the scheme was received from 22nd July, 2009 to

3rd august, 2009 computerized balloting was held in Islamabad on 12 th September,

2009.

But at the latest 2012 tractor scheme 2.5 acres are required and application was

submitted only 25 to 35 age people under this age and above age cannot submitted

application for tractor purpose.

7) Crop maximization project :

This project aims at assisting the farmer to increase farm production. A total of

109 villages are covered under this project. Farmer’s 25 acres of land are entitled

to receive loans for the purchase of input water saving devices and modern

technology.

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8) Awami Zarai Scheme

All new borrowers of crop production loans will have to avail revolving limit

under Awami Zarai scheme to get inputs through M/S KSSL under kind system.

This scheme is optional for existing borrowers of the bank.

Silent feature:

Operational jurisdiction: all over the Pakistan.

Selection of borrower:

Bank MCO selects the borrower keeping in view the criteria fixed for

Sada Bahar scheme.

Delivery channel:

Tangible securities.

Lease land acceptance criteria:

Up to 12.5 acres in all province and AJ&K however. For farmers of

NWFP loans up to Rs, 100,000 or for leases land up to 12.5 acres.

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9) Crop loan insurance scheme:

After getting clearance from the ZTBL board insurance arrangement are

being made with adamjee insurance company ltd.

As per Government/SBP instructions initially crop loan insurance scheme

is being launched.

Silent features:

Scope: all branches of the bank through the country.

Premium: premium will be charged 1.3% (inclusive of all taxes and levies) of

loan sanctioned for Rabi and Kharif crops separately. Bank will pay the

premium for subsistence farmers and will get reimbursement from the

Government on half yearly basis.

Maximum loan limit: Rs.500, 000 in an individual case.

Sum insured: production loan for agreed crops of each season (Rabi & Kharif) for

which premium is paid.

Crops covered: Wheat, Cotton, Sugarcane, Rice, & Maize.

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Agriculture plays an important role in the national economy of Pakistan, where

most of the rapidly increasing population resides in rural areas and depends on

agriculture for subsistence. The object of Agriculture has changed form “self-

reliance” to “Commercialization” and this is called Economic operation in

Agriculture. This research comprising the several variables having some predictors

and self-sufficient. Gross Domestic product is one of the well-built indicators to

measure the growth pattern of the economy. Pakistan's largest food crop is wheat.

In 2005, Pakistan produced 21,591,400 metric tons of wheat, more than all of

Africa (20,304,585 metric tons) and nearly as much as all of South America

(24,557,784 metric tons), according to the FAO. The country is expected to harvest

25 to 23 million tons of wheat in 2012. Our Government should introduced latest

variety of seeds if the farmer cultivate and get more then more quantity. Our

government must be low rate of fuel like diesel etc and machinery which is used to

cultivate of land for cultivate of land and held a seminar where the expert and well

educated person telling to the farmer or training how to cultivate of her land and

how he get more then more quantity. Financial institution must be low rate of

return as this type of rate of return which is bearable to the farmer and all financial

institutions easy type of loan requirement. The major crops grown are wheat, rice,

cotton, sugarcane, and maize. Gram and other pulses, oil seeds, and fodder crops

are also grown in different parts of the country on sizeable areas. In Pakistan, the

average yields of crops, despite rapid increase in the Green Revolution era, are still

low compared to other countries. So our government must be attention in

agriculture sector because agriculture sector is back bone of Pakistan and it is more

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In the recent natural disasters (rain and flood) that occurred in the several cities in

Southern region, that demolished the absolute crop yield which around occupied

the 0.5 million acres of Land in different places of Sind. These disastrous resulting

the huge damage in Onion, potatoes and Chilies Crops and the other food and fiber

crops , This disastrous moments also resulted loss of Millions of death in cows,

buffalos and goats etc livestock’s sectors. This huge loss occupied the heavy loss

in agriculture sector, but the thing is that how to cope up this situation, below have

given some suggestions through the government can overcome the burden of

recent challenge.

Re-map the strategic Plan to promote the agriculture sector.

Provide the interest free bearing loans to the farmers to re-build the

cultivated areas.

Make awareness programs to cope-up the challenges and un-certainties.

Make Strategic collation between Private landowners and government

agriculture sector concerns to reconcile the Agri-sector for the benefit of the

nation welfare.

Governments have to take the serious concentration towards the

development of agriculture sector. This sector comprising the backbone of

the economy.

Pakistan has enormous potential to significantly increase its agricultural

produce but the grown is being hindered by insufficient and outdated

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farming and production techniques, ineffective use of land and water

resources, poor hygiene and low food standards.

However a lot can be achieved by improving productivity ,ensuring safety

and efficiency in food processing ,efficient livestock’s management and

employing new post harvest technologies

Developing skills and capabilities of human resources and capacity

building of the academia to undertake research and development in the

agriculture sector is essential for the long term growth of the sector.

There are already few sophisticated agri-businesses involved in the dairy

and food-processing sector, which serve as an example of the enormous

potential in this sector.

Government has to take a proper utilization of food commodities

(Finished/Sami Finished) to reduce the wastages and maintaining its food

qualities for long time period.

Forestry side is not performing better due to the lankness of Interest from

government Side, so if government takes a keen interest to develop the

forestry sector then it will provide the sufficient value that will result the

increase in growth pattern.

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4) Gylfason, T. (July 2000). Resources, Agriculture, and Economic Growth in Economies in Transition (vol. 313). Munich: cesifo working paper series.

5) JosII, P. (2004). Agriculture Diversification in South Asia Patterns, Determinants and Policy Implications (Vols. 39, No. 24). Economic and Political Weekly.

6) Mundlak, Y. (2005). Economic growth: Lesson from two Centries of American Agriculture (Vol. 43. No 4). American Economic Association

7) Zaidi, S. A. (1995). Issues in Pakistan’s Economy. Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan: Naz Pblicators.

8) Book of Agricultural Economics (pg # 17 & 23 ) by Mrs. Farzana Bukhari ( M.A. Economics)

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