Risk Management in Pilotage - By Mr. Marantis Stylianos

ISPO requirement for risk management

11.2 Risk Management

………The pilot organization shall maintain a documented system to ensure that risks are identified, analysed, evaluated and if required controls put in place to reduce the identified risk. Management shall ensure that controls are communicated and their effectiveness reviewed.

ISPO requirement for risk management

11.2 Risk Management

………The pilot organization shall maintain a documented system to ensure that risks are identified, analysed, evaluated and if required controls put in place to reduce the identified risk. Management shall ensure that controls are communicated and their effectiveness reviewed.

What is risk?

Risk is:

• the combination of the likelihood of a hazardous event or exposure(s) and the severity of the injury or ill health that can be caused by the event or exposure(s) [BS 18004:2008]

• effect of uncertainty on objectives [ISO 31000:2009- Risk Management]

What kind of risks we have?

Risk to

health and

safety

Risk to

environment

Cost

Risk to

operations

The unwanted outcomes

• Grounding

• Collision

• Fire

• Explosion

• Foundering

The consequences

Dependent on types of carrier and cargo

• Container ship

• Gas carrier

• Tanker

• Passenger ship

• RoRo / Vehicle carrier

“more than 80% of all marine accidents …

… are caused by human error”

For “human error” read

“management system failure”

Hazard: A substance, situation or practice

that has the potential to harm ,

Swiss Cheese Model

Defenses

Definitions of risk management

Actions that minimize risk within acceptable limits.

[USCG Risk Based Decision Making Guidelines]

Safety risk management is a generic term that encompasses the assessment and mitigation of the safety risks of the consequences of hazards that threaten the capabilities of an organization, to a level as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP).

[International Civil Aviation Organisation]

ALARP principle

Business management vs. risk management

• Business management is about maximising the chance of success

• Risk management is about minimizing the chance of failure

• Effective risk management requires structured risk assessment as an input

Risk assessment in simple terms

• What can go wrong? hazard identification - the hazard turning into an accident

• How likely is it to go wrong? likelihood

• What happens if it does go wrong? consequence

• Do I have to do something about it? Depends on risk level and tolerability of risk

Implement or improve controls to reduce likelihood

Implement or improve controls to reduce consequences

Identify hazards

The effective identification of hazards is the key factor in realistic risk assessment

Definitions - BS 18004:2008

Hazard: Source, situation, or act with a potential for harm in terms of human injury

or ill health, or a combination of these

Hazardous event (near miss) Occurrence that results in, or has the potential to result in, an incident

Identifying hazards

a common mistake is to identify the hazardous event instead of the hazard

Identify hazards

In considering sources, situations and acts, it may be better to think in terms of

– unsafe acts

– unsafe conditions

– job factors

– personal factors

UNSAFE ACTS

• Operating equipment without authority • Removing/making safety devices inoperable • Using defective equipment • Improper use of equipment • Not using PPE • Servicing equipment in operation • Under influence of drink or drugs

UNSAFE CONDITIONS

• Inadequate guards/barriers • Inadequate/improper PPE • Defective tools/equipment/material • Workspace restrictions • Hazardous environmental conditions • Noise, high/low temperatures • Inadequate lighting • Inadequate ventilation

PERSONAL FACTORS Physically inadequate Mentally inadequate Lack of knowledge Lack of skill Stress Improper motivation JOB FACTORS Inadequate supervision Inadequate leadership Inadequate engineering Inadequate purchasing Inadequate maintenance Inadequate tools/equip ’ Inadequate work standards Inadequate design

Link between risk assessment and incident investigation

Improve Controls

Risk

Level

Tolerab

le?

Contro

ls

Missin

g?

Incident

Existin

g

Contro

ls

Failed?

Risk

Assessment

Implement

Controls

YES YES

YES

Incident Investigation

Risk Assessment

NO

Harm to

people

property,

process,

environment

and reputation

INCIDENT

DIRECT CAUSE

INDIRECT CAUSE

ROOT CAUSE Prevention

Accident

Consequenc

e

What causes accidents?

What do you prefer?

Being proactive or being reactive?

What is more expensive?

What company’s management can do?

Consider Risk Management as their key business activity

What a pilot can do? -Be proactive and ‘’loud’’ -Report new hazards identified through near misses -Reluctant to take excessive risk

THANK YOU !!