Ribosomes

RIBOSOMESBy Danielle Bistran

WHAT DO THEY DO?• Protein Builders +

Synthesizers• Read the RNA’s information

and use it to create proteins (translation)

WHAT DO THEY LOOK LIKE?• 5-10 nm larger in eukaryotic cells• Made out of complexes of RNAs and proteins• 2 subunits:

• Smaller attaches to mRNA (messenger RNA)• Larger binds to the tRNA and amino acids• They then split apart

WHERE DO THEY LIVE?• Prokaryotes:• free forms in cytoplasm and protoplasm

• Eukaryotes:• Free in cytoplasm for use inside the cell• Attached to outer membrane of the E.R. for use outside

of the cell

PLANT CELL AND ANIMAL CELL

Plant Cell Animal Cell

WHAT HAPPENS IF THEY DON’T WORK CORRECTLY?

• Diamond-Blackfan Anemia• 5 infants/million• Heart and skeletal abnormalities, not enough red blood cells• 7 mutated genes give faulty instructions on how to make ribosomal proteins

• Cartilage Hair Hypoplasia• Rare, 1/19 of Amish population• Anemic, short limbs, leukopenia (low white blood cell count)• Gene mutation causes a buildup of one enzyme which builds ribosomal RNA

WHAT HAPPENS IF THEY DO NOT WORK CORRECTLY (CONTINUED)

• Swachman-Diamnd Syndrome• 1/100,000 children• Pancreatic problems that lead to steatorrhea (low platelet count)• Gene mutation causes a low amount of enzymes made out of proteins

• Dyskeratosis Congenita• 1/million children• Hair, nail, skin, lungs, blood, digestive and immune systems abnormalities• Gene mutation that causes ribosome deficiency

SOURCES • http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_ribos.html

• http://www.cs.stedwards.edu/chem/Chemistry/CHEM43/CHEM43/Ribosomes/Ribosome.HTML

• http://www.livestrong.com/article/208980-what-is-a-list-of-ribosomes-diseases/