-
Selected from more than600 research studies documenting
holistic development of life throughthe Transcendental
Meditation
and TM-Sidhi programs
InternatIonal FoundatIonoF ConsCIousness-Based eduCatIon
Summary ofScientific Research onConsciousness-BasedSM
Education
Bringing perfection to education in every nationthrough study
and research in consciousness
-
2Consciousness-Based education program fulfills fundamental
needsThis scientifically documented program, founded by Maharishi
Mahesh Yogi and applied for over four decades worldwide,
fulfills fundamental needs in education.This program
providesAsystematicwaytoholisticallydevelopallstu-
dents, irrespective of their background, so that they grow in
ideal citizenship and inner fulfillment;
Areliable,practicalwaytoeliminatestress;Areliable,practicalwaytoimproveanyschools
atmosphere, creating an increasingly happy, focused, orderly
learning environment.
Central component of the Consciousness-Based education
program
the Transcendental Meditation programThe Transcendental
Meditation program is a simple, natural, effortless technique,
practiced 15 to 20
minutes twice daily, sitting comfortably with eyes closed. This
technique settles the mind and body to a unique state of restful
alertness, allowing the mind to naturally experience the level of
its own full potential, Transcendental Consciousness.Research
verifies that the experience of Tran-scendental Consciousness is
uniquely effective in activating latent reserves of the brain. With
regular practice of the Transcendental Meditation technique, the
immense creative intelligence inherent in every individual
increasingly expresses itself in thought and action.When the
majority of students and teachers in a school practice the
Transcendental Meditation technique, the entire school atmosphere
changes dramatically, and the school becomes a center of harmony
and peace for the whole neighborhood and community. This effect is
greatly enhanced by group practice of the advanced Transcendental
Meditation Sidhi program.
Contents1. Scientific Research Findings: Development of All
Aspects of LifeScientific research find-
ingsrelevanttotheunfoldingofthestudentspotential,withnumberedreferencestotheoriginalscientific
papers (pp. 36)
2. Description of Selected Studies (pp. 67) 3. Benefits for
Teachers and AdministratorsScientific research findings especially
relevant to
teachers and educational administrators (pp. 79)4. Benefits for
SocietyScientific research findings verifying an influence of
harmony generated
in the whole social environment (p. 9) 5. Description of the
Maharishi Transcendental Meditationsm TechniqueUnique
effectiveness
of the Transcendental Meditation program: Results of
meta-analyses (p. 10) 6. Achievements of Educational Institutions
Implementing Consciousness-Based Education
United States and United Kingdom (pp. 1113)7. Conclusion (p.
14)8. Scientific Research References Cited in Text (pp. 1419)
Summary of Scientific Research onConsciousness-Based
Education
Selected from more than 600 research studies documenting
holistic development of lifethrough the Transcendental Meditation
and TM-Sidhi programs
IntroduCtIon
SUMMARY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ON CONSCIOUSNESS-BASED
EDUCATION
-
3Easily implemented in any schoolThe Consciousness-Based
education program is easily implemented in any school. It has two
com-ponents:Twice-dailypracticeoftheTranscendentalMedita-
tion program; and later the TM-Sidhi
program.Acourseofstudy,taughtonceortwiceperweek,
which presents universal principlesnatural lawsthat are common
to all areas of study and to the
stu-dentslivesastheircreativepotentialdevelops.Thisintegrated study
makes learning any subject more relevant, holistic, and fulfilling
for the students.
Extensive scientific researchOver 600 scientific research
studies have document-ed the benefits of the Transcendental
Meditation and advanced TM-Sidhi program for development of mental
potential, health, social behavior, and the social environment.
This research, conducted at more than 250 universities and research
institutes in 33 countries, confirms the universal and profound
effectiveness of this program in raising the quality of life.This
brochure summarizes and reports on the research studies related to
education, and cites outstanding educational achievement of
students in schools that use the Consciousness-Based edu-cation
program.
Fundamental scientific principlesQuantum physicists have
identified the field of Transcendental Consciousness, experienced
dur-ing the Transcendental Meditation technique, as the unified
field of natural law, which, through its self-interacting dynamics,
gives rise to all forces and phenomena governing the orderly
evolution of the universe. Viewed from this perspective, the
Transcendental Meditation technique is a means for the mind to
twice daily identify itself with this
fundamentalfieldofnaturesintelligencewhichisonesowntotalintelligenceandtherebyinfusethe
unlimited creative potential of this field into practical life.From
the physiological perspective, neuroscientist Professor Tony Nader,
M.D., Ph.D., under the guidance of Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, made the
profound discovery that the dynamical structures of natural law
within the unified field precisely correspond to the fundamental
structures and functions of human physiology. Therefore, by
enliveningonesinnerintelligence,theTranscen-dental Meditation
technique stimulates more com-plete and integrated functioning of
all the laws of nature governing the body, producing a healthier,
more integrated and balanced individual.
Increased Intelligence, Learning Ability, and Intellectual
PerformanceIncreasedIntelligence(17)IncreasedLearningAbility(89)ImprovedMemory(910)AcceleratedCognitiveDevelopmentinChildren(1113)
ImprovedCognitiveFlexibility(910)IncreasedEfficiencyofConceptLearning(8)FasterProcessingofCognitivelyComplexInfor-mation(14)
BroaderComprehensionandImprovedAbilitytoFocusAttentionIncreasedField
Independence
(4,13,15)CognitiveOrientationtowardsPositiveValues(16)
ImprovedProblem-SolvingAbility(2)
Improved Academic Performance and Academic
OrientationImprovedAcademicPerformanceattheElemen-tary,Secondary,College,andPostgraduateLevels(1720)
ImprovedStandardizedTestScoresonGeneralAcademicAchievement,SocialStudies,LiteraryMaterials,Reading,Mathematics,Language,andWorkStudySkills(1718)
1. sCIentIfIC researCh fIndIngs: development of all aspeCts of
lIfe
The following are research findings on the Transcendental
Meditation program that are significant for improving the
effectiveness of education. The numbers in parentheses after the
findings refer to the refer-ences in the original research papers,
which are listed at the end of this document.
SCIENTIFICRESEARCHFINDINGS:DEVELOPMENTOFALLASPECTSOFLIFE
-
4Increased
CreativityEnhancedCreativity(2,5,21)IncreasedInnovation(2)IncreasedCognitiveFlexibility(9)
Higher Levels of Brain
FunctioningMobilizationoftheHiddenReservesoftheBrain:WiderDistributionof
theBrainsResponse toSensoryInput(22)
IncreasedNeurologicalEfficiency:
IncreasedEfficiencyofInformationTransferin
theBrain(14,2328)
ImprovedSpinalReflexActivity(2930) Improvements in Reaction-Time
Measures Cor-
relatedwithIntelligence(7)GreaterAdaptabilityofBrainFunctioning(31)FasterProcessingofCognitivelyComplexInfor-mationintheElderly(9)
IncreasedEfficiencyandDecreasedAge-RelatedDeterioration of
Cognitive Information
Process-ingasMeasuredbyEvent-RelatedBrainPoten-tials(14)
IncreasedBloodFlowtotheBrain(103)IncreasedEEGCoherenceIntegrationofBrainFunctioning(104105)CorrelationsFound
inSubjects Practicing the
Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi Pro-grams:
BetweenHighEEGCoherence,HigherStatesofConsciousness,andHighLevelsofCreativity(32)
BetweenHighEEGCoherence,Neurological
Efficiency,andFlexibilityofConceptLearning(8)
BetweenHighEEGCoherence,HighLevelsof Principled Moral Reasoning,
and a Unified CosmicPerspectiveonLife(33)
Improved Mind-Body
CoordinationFasterReactions(3436)IncreasedPsychomotorSpeed(37)
Increased Organizational Ability and Efficiency
Within one school year, elementary school students whopracticed
the Transcendental Meditation program showedsignificant gains on a
national standardized test of basicskills. Reference: Education
107: 4954, 1986.
Mathematics Reading
Before After
60%
Med
ian
perc
entil
e ran
k on
Iow
a Te
sts o
f Bas
ic S
kills
Improvementin Academic Skills
through the Transcendental Meditation program
Before AfterTranscendental Meditation
80%
40%
0
20%
Master degree engineering students who learned theTranscendental
Meditation program showed improvedperformance on their standard
examinations after sixmonths, compared with randomly assigned
controls.Reference: British Journal of Educational Psychology
55:164166, 1985.
Perc
enta
ge o
f tes
ts w
ithTM
gro
up h
ighe
r tha
n co
ntro
ls
Improved Post-GraduateAcademic Performance
through the Transcendental Meditation program
AfterBefore0
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Transcendental Meditation
University students who were practicing the Tran-scendental
Meditation and TM-Sidhi programs showedsignificantly faster choice
reaction time, in contrast tocontrol students. Reference:
Personality and IndividualDifferences 12: 11051116, 1991.
0
Faster Reaction Timethrough the Transcendental Meditation
program
5
10
15
-5
-10
-15
Fast
er sp
eed
ofch
oice
reac
tion
time (
ms)
Controls
TranscendentalMeditation
SUMMARY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ON CONSCIOUSNESS-BASED
EDUCATION
-
5IncreasedTimeCompetence:IncreasedAbilitytoThinkandActEfficientlyinthePresent(3840)
IncreasedEfficiencyandProductivity(4142)IncreasedEmployeeEffectiveness(42)GreaterPhysiologicalCalmnessduringTaskPer-formance(42)
DecreasedTendencytoProcrastinate(43)
Increased Energy and
DynamismIncreasedEnergyandEnthusiasm(2,42,44)IncreasedPhysical
andMentalWell-Being (9,4547)
DecreasedFatigue(42)
Improved
HealthLowerHealthInsuranceUtilizationRates:Signifi-cantlyFewerHospitalInpatientDaysandOutpa-
tientVisitsinAllAgeCategories;FewerInpatientAdmissionsforAllMajorCategoriesofDisease(47)
LongitudinalReduction inHealthCareCosts(48)
ImprovedSelf-HealthRating(9,42,4546,49)
Increased Integration of PersonalityIncreased
Self-Actualization: Increased Inte-
gration, Unity, and Wholeness of Personality (3840)
UniquelyEffectiveMeans of IncreasingSelf-Actualization(40)
UniquelyHighScoresonSelf-Development in
Advanced Participants in theTranscendental
MeditationProgram(50)
OrientationtowardsPositiveValues:BetterRecallforPositivethanNegativeWords;LowerRecogni-tion
Thresholds for Positive Words than Negative
Words;MorePositiveAppraisalofOthers(16)
Increased Inner-Directedness:Greater
Indepen-denceandSelf-Supportiveness(3840)
IncreasedAutonomyand Independence (2,
40,50)LessSensitivitytoCriticism(51)EnhancedSelf-Concept(52)EnhancedSelf-RegardandSelf-Esteem
(2,51,5354)
EnhancedInnerWell-Being(9)IncreasedEmotionalStability(43,5556)IncreasedEmotionalMaturity(44)DecreasedBehavioralRigidity(9)ImprovedMentalHealth(9,3840,4246,5152,5455,5764)
Reduction in Negative Personality
CharacteristicsDecreasedAnxiety(2,42,44,5455,5758,60,62,65)
DecreasedTension(4243,58)DecreasedNeuroticism(43,45,51,59,62)DecreasedDepression(43,51,55)DecreasedIrritability(60)DecreasedHostility(60,71)DecreasedImpulsiveness(4445)DecreasedUseofCigarettes(42,6670)DecreasedUseofAlcohol(42,55,61,6669,72)
DecreasedHealth Care Expenditures
through the Transcendental Meditationprogram
ex
pend
iture
s for
phy
sicia
ns s
ervi
ces
-10%
-5%
0
5%
10%
-15%
-20%
15%
BeforeTranscendental
Meditation
AfterTranscendental
Meditation
Ann
ual p
er ce
nt ch
ange
in
A study of 1418 people in the province of Qubec, Canada who
learned the Transcendental Meditation program found that after
learning the program, in contrast to matched controls, government
payments for physicians services declined significantly, by 13.8%
per year. Reference: American Journal of Health Promo-tion 14:
284291, 2000.
After one month of practice of the TranscendentalMeditation
program, individuals developed a morestrongly defined sense of
self-concept, in comparison tomatched controls. They also reported
that their actualself was closer to their ideal self. Reference:
BritishJournal of Psychology 73: 5768, 1982.
Cha
nge s
core
on
Rep
erto
ry G
rid
Test
2
Increased Strengthof Self-Concept
through the Transcendental Meditation program
4
6
8
0
-2
10
TranscendentalMeditationControls
SCIENTIFICRESEARCHFINDINGS:DEVELOPMENTOFALLASPECTSOFLIFE
-
6Development of intelligenceIncreased IQamong university
students. University students practicing the Transcendental
Meditation program increased significantly in intelligence compared
to control subjects from another nearby univer-sity (7).This
finding corroborates other studiesshowing increased IQ and faster
choice reaction through the practice of the Transcendental
Medita-tion technique. Increased intelligence and
reducedanxietyamong high school students.A longitudinal
random-assignment study of students learning the Transcendental
Meditation program in four Cana-dian high schools showed
significant improvement in intelligence, creativity, tolerance,
self-esteem, and five other personality factors, in comparison
torandomlyassignedcontrols(2).
Improvedacademic achievement, cognitiveabilities, creativity,
and self-esteem. Research has shown that the practice of the
Transcendental Meditation program by elementary and secondary
students significantly improved academic achieve-
DecreasedDrugAbuse(43,6669,73)
Growth of Ideal Social
BehaviorIncreasedSocialMaturity(3)IncreasedSociability(44)IncreasedCapacityforWarmInterpersonalRela-tionships(39,4344)
IncreasedFriendliness(43)ImprovedWorkandPersonalRelationships(42)IncreasedAbility
toBeObjective,Fair-Minded,andReasonable(44)
IncreasedGoodHumor(43)IncreasedTrust(51)
IncreasedTolerance(2,44)GrowthofaMoreSympathetic,Helpful,andCar-ingNature(44)
IncreasedSensitivity to theFeelingsofOthers(44)Improved
InterpersonalBehavior of Juvenile
Offenders(54)Benefits in Special Education and Remedial
EducationImprovementsinPersonalityRelevanttoLearningDisordersinEconomicallyDeprivedAdolescentswithLearningProblems:
Increased Independence and Self-Supportive-ness(53)
ImprovedSelf-Regard(53)DecreasedDropoutRate fromSchool
inEco-nomicallyDeprivedAdolescentswithLearningProblems(53)
ImprovementsamongChildrenfromLow-IncomeFamilies:
IncreasedIntelligence(74) ImprovedSelf-Concept(74)Improvements
inAutism:DecreasedEcholalicBehavior(75)Benefits for Mentally
Retarded Subjects: ImprovedSocialBehavior(76)
ImprovedCognitiveFunctioning(7677) IncreasedIntelligence(7677)
ImprovedPhysicalHealth(76) Normalization of Neurotransmitter
Metabolite
andPlasmaCortisolLevels(77)DecreasedStuttering(7879)
Secondary students who learned the TranscendentalMeditation
program showed increased tolerance after 14weeks, in contrast to
control students. The same studentsalso showed increased
creativity, intelligence, innovation,energy level, self-esteem,
decreased conformity, anddecreased anxiety. Reference: Dissertation
AbstractsInternational 38(7): 3372B3373B, 1978.
Increased Tolerancein Secondary School Students
through the Transcendental Meditation program
Chan
ge in
scale
scor
eJa
ckso
n Pe
rson
ality
Inve
ntor
y
TranscendentalMeditation
Controls
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
0
2. desCrIptIon of seleCted studIesThe following sample studies
demonstrate the effectiveness of the Transcendental Meditation
program and its applicability to a wide variety of educational
settings.
SUMMARY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ON CONSCIOUSNESS-BASED
EDUCATION
-
7ment on national standardized tests
(1718);improvedcognitiveabilities(12);andimprovedfield
independence, indicating broader
compre-hensionwiththeabilitytofocussharply(13).
Post-secondary students showed increased intel-lectual ability,
creativity, field independence,
aca-demicachievement,andself-esteem(34,7,15,1921);
improvedselfdevelopment
touniquelyhighlevels(50);andincreasedself-actualization(3840)
through
theTranscendentalMeditationprogram.Improvedstudentbehavioratschool.AfricanAmerican
adolescents at risk for hypertensionwho learned the Transcendental
Meditation pro-
gram showed not only lower blood pressure, but also reduced
number of school-related negative behavioral incidents and
suspensions, reduced absenteeism,andreducedtardiness(102).
Reduced substance abuse. Studies with stu-dents and adults show
reduced substance abuse and antisocial behavior through the
Transcenden-talMeditationprogram.An issueof the journalAlcoholism
Treatment Quarterly(80)isdevotedentirely to the effects of this
program in reduc-ing substance abuse. Findings show reduced use of
all classes of illegal drugs, and reduced use of alcohol,
cigarettes, and prescribed drugs.
Improvedhealthanddecreasedteacherstress.Research on the
Transcendental Meditation pro-gram has found long-term reductions
on bio-chemical and general physiological indicators of
stress(77,81)andaging(9,82).Inaddition,twowell-controlled studies
demonstrating reductions in hypertension among the elderly (9, 83)
sub-stantiate the findings of fourteen earlier studies on
hypertension, a major risk factor in heart disease.
Especially promising for reducing health carecosts in schools
and universities are the results of a field study of insurance
statistics of 2000 Transcendental Meditation program participants
overafive-yearperiod(47).Thegrouppracticingthe Transcendental
Meditation program showed a 50% reduction in both inpatient and
outpatient medical care utilization, as compared to matched
controls, as well as lower sickness rates in 17
Secondary school students who learned the
TranscendentalMeditation program showed increased intelligence
after14 weeks, in contrast to control students.
Reference:Dissertation Abstracts International 38(7):
3372B3373B,1978.
Increased Intelligencein Secondary School Students
through the Transcendental Meditation program
Cha
nge s
core
on
Rav
ens P
rogr
essiv
e Mat
rice
s
Controls0
1
2
3
-1Transcendental
MeditationIndividuals randomly assigned to learn the
TranscendentalMeditation program displayed a significant increase
afterthree months, in comparison to controls, on measures offield
independence, indicating broader comprehensionwith increasing
ability to focus. Reference: Perceptual andMotor Skills 39:
10311034, 1974.
Per c
ent i
mpr
ovem
ent o
nR
od-a
nd-F
ram
e Tes
t
40%
Increased Field IndependenceBroader Comprehension and Greater
Ability to Focusthrough the Transcendental Meditation program
30%
20%
10%
0
-10% TranscendentalMeditationControls
3. BenefIts for teaChers and admInIstrators
Research on the Transcendental Meditation program indicates that
the benefits for the individual are comprehensive. Findings
especially relevant to faculty and administrator development
include improved health and reduction of stress; greater inner
stability and resistance to stress; and increased creativity,
personal satisfaction, and self-actualization.
BENEFITSFORTEACHERSANDADMINISTRATORS
-
8categories of disease, including 87% less hospi-talization for
heart disease; 87% less for nervous system disorders; 73% less for
nose, throat and lung disorders; and 55% less for tumors.
LongitudinalresearchinCanadademonstratedanaverage reduction of
13.8% per year in health care costs among those who learned the
Transcendental Meditation technique, in comparison to matched
controlsandcontrollingforinflation(48).
Developing inner stabilityandresistance tostress. Teachers need
to be able to maintain focus on their objectives, while adapting to
continually changing demands in the classroom. Research on the
Transcendental Meditation program indicat-ing increased
physiological stability and field independence is thus highly
relevant to effective teaching. Studies examining galvanic skin
responses, which measure physiological excitation, found that the
Transcendental Meditation technique enables more
rapidmobilizationofonesphysiologicalresources,while at the same
time facilitating quicker recovery
tobaselinelevelsoffunctioning(81).
Similarly, studies of field independence, a mea-sure of the
ability to maintain internal stability in a distracting
environment, have found significant improvements among those who
learn the Tran-scendentalMeditationprogram(15).
Increasingteachercreativity,personalsatis-faction, and
self-actualization.Educational research has found that in
schoolsperceived as effective the teachers are satisfied with their
careers and teaching circumstances
(84).Otherresearchindicatesthatamajorfactorcontributing to teacher
dissatisfaction is the sense of stagnation which occurs after the
strategies that the teacher has learned in the past begin to become
obstacles to growth and personal
progress.AnanalysisofresearchstudiesfoundtheTranscen-dental
Meditation program to be uniquely effec-tive in promoting
self-actualization (40).Otherresearch shows longitudinal increases
in figural andverbal creativity (2, 21)
andphysiological,cognitiveandbehavioralflexibility(910,14,27).The
growth of these qualities supports the ability to avoid stagnation
in the teaching profession, to continue to develop new and more
effective teach-ing strategies, and to enjoy increasing fulfillment
in teaching on the basis of expanding creativity. Results relating
to effective administrationand organization. The Transcendental
Medita-tion program has been adopted in hundreds of businesses. It
is viewed by managers as a means of developing the human resources
of business, and also as a means of increasing the efficiency and
productivity of the company. Many of these benefits apply equally
to administration of an educational institution.
A study of approximately 2000 participants in theTranscendental
Meditation program analyzing five yearsof medical insurance data
found that they requiredsignificantly less hospitalization, for
both medical andsurgical procedures, in comparison to the average
of allother insured persons. Reference: Psychosomatic Medicine49:
493507, 1987.
through the Transcendental Meditation program
Decreased Need for Medical Care:Reduced Hospitalization
SurgicalTreatment
MedicalTreatment
Per c
ent d
ecre
ase o
f inp
atie
nt d
ays
com
pare
d to
ave
rage
-60%
-40%
-20%
0
20%
-80%
-100%
Individuals who learned the Transcendental Meditationprogram
showed increased creativity in comparison tocontrols as measured by
a higher level of pictorial origi-nality after five months of
practice. They also showedincreased creativity as measured by
higher levels ofpictorial flexibility and verbal fluency (not
charted).Reference: The Journal of Creative Behavior 13:
169180,1979.
Increased Creativitythrough the Transcendental Meditation
program
10
20
0
Torr
ance
Tes
t of C
reat
ive T
hink
ing
post
-test
scor
es
30
TranscendentalMeditation
Controls
SUMMARY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ON CONSCIOUSNESS-BASED
EDUCATION
-
9One study in a business setting, utilizing both self-report
questionnaires and evaluations of co-work-ers and supervisors,
found significantly improved job satisfaction, enhanced job
performance, and better relations with peers and supervisors, as
well as decreased turnover potential among people practicing the
Transcendental Meditation program,
ascomparedtonon-meditatingcontrols(41).
Athree-monthstudyintwooccupationalsettings,which compared
managers and employees who learned the Transcendental Meditation
program to demographically similar controls, found that
participants in the Transcendental Meditation program showed
significant decreases, as com-pared to controls, in trait anxiety,
state anxiety, job worry, and cigarette and alcohol use. They also
showed increased job satisfaction, improved general health, greater
efficiency and productivity,
andbetterworkandpersonalrelationships(42).
Alarge-scalestudybyresearchersattheNationalInstituteofIndustrialHealthoftheJapaneseMin-istry
ofLabor found thatworkers at
SumitomoHeavyIndustriesshowedimprovedphysicalandmental health after
learning the Transcendental Meditation program, in comparison to
matched controls(4546).
In addition to the increases in employee satisfac-tion, the cost
savings due to reduced illness and health care utilization by
people practicing the Transcendental Meditation program, as
described above, are sufficient to warrant the inclusion of this
technology in any administrator or teacher development program.
A study of executives and workers in the automotiveindustry
found that after three months of regular practiceof the
Transcendental Meditation program, employeesshowed improved work
and personal relationships, incomparison to controls from the same
work sites. Refer-ence: Anxiety, Stress and Coping: An
International Journal6: 245262, 1993.
Improved Workand Personal Relationships
through the Transcendental Meditation program
Cha
nge o
nqu
estio
nnai
re su
bsca
le
0.4
0.6
0.8
0.2
TranscendentalMeditation
Controls0
4. BenefIts for soCIety
Nearly fifty research studies verify that when large groups of
individuals practice the Transcendental Meditation technique or
participate together in the group practice of the advanced TM-Sidhi
program, including Yogic Flying, then an influence of coherence and
har-mony is radiated from the group to the whole society. This
increased coherence and harmony in society is measured by such
trends as reduced
crime(8589),reducedaccidents(90),improvedoverallqualityoflife(8788,9193),improvedeconomictrends(88,9495),andreducedconflictandviolence(87,9697,101).Whenallstudentsand
faculty at a large school or university learn the TM-Sidhi program,
their group practice creates a beneficial influence for the whole
city, and if the group is large enough, for the state and
nation.
Decreased Crimein National Capital Districts
through TM-Sidhi Yogic Flying
During periods in which large groups of participants in
theTranscendental Meditation Sidhi program were established,crime
totals decreased significantly in the Union Territoryof Delhi,
India, and in Metro Manila, Philippines. Reference:The Journal of
Mind and Behavior 8: 67104, 1987.
Per c
ent c
hang
e in
crim
e tot
als
-5
0
-10
-15
Metro Manila,PhilippinesDelhi, India
BENEFITSFORSOCIETY
-
10
Over the last four decades, the Transcenden-tal Meditation
program has been learned by more than five million people
world-wide, of all ages, nationalities, and religions. The
Transcendental Meditation technique is a simple, natural,
effortless technique that settles the mind to increasingly silent
and orderly levels of aware-ness, allowing one to naturally
experience the most
silent,expandedstateofonesownconsciousness,Transcendental
Consciousness, the full creative potential of the
mind.Asthemindbecomesmoresettledandwideawakeduring this technique,
the body corresponding-ly gains a unique physiological state of
restful
alertness, which releases accumulated stress and increases the
stability and flexibility of the nervous system(98).
This unique state of restful alertness produces a broad range of
benefits as one continues to practice the technique. These benefits
are reflected in the increasing ability of individuals to express
their full creative potential, and to achieve success in what-ever
they undertake without damaging the interests of others.Unique
effectiveness of the Transcendental Meditation program: Results of
meta-analysesThe most powerful and rigorous method for drawing
conclusions from a large body of scientific research is the
statistical procedure of meta-analysis. Four
such meta-analyses on the effects of the Transcen-dental
Meditation program in comparison to other techniques are described
below.(1)Physiological rest.Ameta-analysispublishedin American
Psychologist reviewed 31 studies, and found that the Transcendental
Meditation technique produces more than twice the degree of
physiologi-cal rest produced by simply sitting with eyes closed
(98).
(2) Reduced trait anxiety.Ameta-analysispub-lished in the
Journal of Clinical Psychology reviewed over 100 research findings,
and found the Transcen-dental Meditation technique to produce more
than twice the reduction in trait anxiety (i.e.,
chronicstress)producedbyanyothertechnique(65).
(3)Increased self-actualization.Ameta-analysispublished in the
Journal of Social Behavior and Personality showed the
Transcendental Meditation technique to increase self-actualization
by three times as large an effect as that of other techniques
(40).
(4)Reduced substance abuse.Anothermeta-anal-ysis, published in
Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, showed the practice of the
Transcendental Medita-tion technique to result in a greater degree
of reduc-tion and more lasting reduc tion in consumption of
alcohol, drugs, and cigarettes than other techniques
orpreventiveeducationprograms(69).
5. desCrIptIon of the TranscendenTal MediTaTion teChnIque
TranscendentalMeditation
-.8
-.6
-.4
-.2
0
Effe
ct si
ze(s
tand
ard
devi
atio
ns)
Concentrationor Contemplation
OtherTechniques
Decreased Anxietythrough the Transcendental Meditation
program
A statistical meta-analysis of 146 independent study
resultsfound that the Transcendental Meditation program ismore than
twice as effective in reducing trait anxiety thanprocedures of
concentration or contemplation, or othertechniques. Reference:
Journal of Clinical Psychology 45:957974, 1989.
Adj
uste
d m
ean
effe
ct si
ze(s
tand
ard
devi
atio
ns)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
TranscendentalMeditation
Concentration orContemplation
OtherTechniques
IncreasedSelf-Actualization
through the Transcendental Meditation program
Statistical meta-analysis of all available research
(42independent study results) indicated that practice of
theTranscendental Meditation program increased self-actualization
by about three times as much as proceduresof contemplation or
concentration, or other techniques.Reference: Journal of Social
Behavior and Personality 6:189248, 1991.
SUMMARY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ON CONSCIOUSNESS-BASED
EDUCATION
-
11
The research findings described above are reflected in the
achievements of the students of schools worldwide that apply
Consciousness-Based education. Decades of experience have shown
that any school or uni-versity whose teachers and students
regularly practice the Transcendental Meditation technique enjoys
the same beneficial results: the flowering
ofitsstudentspotential,increasinglycreativeandeffective teaching,
improved quality of student life, and a harmonious and positive
atmosphere.Below are reports on research studies and educa-tional
outcomes at the primary and secondary level of education from the
Maharishi Schools of the
AgeofEnlightenmentinFairfield,Iowa,U.S.A.andinLancashire,England,andMaharishiVidyaMandir
Schools in India; and at the university level from Maharishi
University of Management, Fairfield,Iowa,U.S.A.
A similar level of success is seen inMahari-shiSchools inother
locations inEurope,SouthAmerica,Asia,andAustralia.
Maharishi School in Fairfield, Iowa, U.S.A.
Founded in 1974AcademicAwards.In the past decade, students at
Maharishi School have won well over 100 international, national,
and state titles in the areas of science, mathematics, speech,
drama, writing, poetry, spelling, art, photography, history, chess,
tennis, golf, track, and international problem-solving
competitions.Highestnationaland state ranking.Despite the fact that
the school has no academic admission tests, the secondary students
in Maharishi School consistently score in the top 1% the nation and
in Iowa on standardized tests of academic
develop-ment(ITED).Almost100%ofthegraduatesareaccepted at four-year
colleges and universities, resulting in the IowaDepartment
ofEducationawarding the school with special accreditation
status as a college preparatory school. Maharishi School was
recognized by the main newspaper in Iowa, the Des Moines Register,
as one of the top five in the state for the performance of their
graduates as freshmen at Iowa public
universities.OutstandingCreativeAchievements.The exceptional
creativity of students in Conscious-ness-Based Schools is evidenced
in their success in competitions.For example, Maharishi School
students have won the state championship in a competition in which
students design, develop, and build robots; they have been
recognized as Iowa Young Writer of the Year and Iowa Young Poet of
the Year; and have won first place in the high school
categoryoftheIowaPoetryAssociationcontest.
In the fine arts Maharishi School students have been awarded the
CongressionalArtAwardgrand prize four times; the grand prize in the
InternationalPhotoImagingEducationAssociationcompetition;andmoreawardsintheIowaHighSchoolLargeGroupSpeechCompetitionthananyschool
since the competition began 40 years ago. Sports achievements. In
sports, the schoolsgirls and boys basketball teams have won the
dis-trict championship a combined total of five times; the School
has won the state championship in
boysgolfforbothteamandindividual;andboysand girls tennis players
from Maharishi School have won a combined total of 17 state
champion-ships over the past 20 years.
Maharishi Free SchoolSkelmersdale,Lancashire,U.K.
Founded in 1986In 2011 this Maharishi School was granted Free
School statusby theDepartment forEducation,to be supported by the
government of United Kingdom.Thiswas the result of the
schoolsconsistently achieving the top category of
out-standinginreportsbytheGovernmentinspecting
6. aChIevements of eduCatIonal InstItutIons ImplementIng
ConsCIousness-Based eduCatIon
ExamplesfromtheUnitedStates,UnitedKingdom,andIndia
ACHIEVEMENTSOFCONSCIOUSNESS-BASEDEDUCATIONALINSTITUTIONS
-
12
agency of schools, Ofsted [Office for Standards
inEducation,Children'sServicesandSkills].TheSchoolsGCSE[GeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation]
examination results rank theSchoolnot only amongst the highest in
the county of Lancashire,butalsointhetop2.5%ofallschoolsnationally.
These results have been consistent since the School began, even
though the school is non-selective academically.Academic
achievements. Since 1990,whenthe Maharishi School started entering
pupils in theGeneralCertificate ofSecondaryEducation(GCSE)
examinations, the examination resultshave been particularly
noteworthy. Pupils at the Maharishi School pass examinations
atgradesAorA+atalmost3timesthenationalrate.PassesatgradesAtoCarealmost60%higherthan
the national average; while the percentage of
pupilspassing5ormoreGCSEexaminationsatgradesA+toCisdoublethenationalaveragerate.
Pupils of the School continue to win top awards in the annual
U.K. Mathematics Challenge involving over 200,000 students.
Outstandingachievementsinpoetryandcre-ative writing. Maharishi
School pupils continue to win prizes for poetry and creative
writing in national competitions. So many poetry prizes have been
won that the poems have been collected in an
anthology and published with an introduction by
thePoetLaureateofthenation.
Maharishi Vidya Mandir Schools and Maharishi Universities
in IndiaIn India, the system of Maharishi Vidya Mandir
schoolsfoundedin1991isthelargestprivateedu-cational system in the
country, offering the Central
BoardofSecondaryEducation(CBSE)curricu-lum together with the
approach of Consciousness-Based education. There are currently more
than 145 schools in 17 states of India, enrolling over 100,000
students. Students have distinguished themselves by receiv-ing
highest awards in academic examinations, science, poetry, sports,
and other areas. Mostbranchesachieved100%resultintheCBSEclass 10
and12 exams.Hundreds ofMaharishiVidyaMandir students
haveobtained95100%marks in various subjects and have achieved
posi-tions in district, state, and national merit lists. Several
hundred students have succeeded in national-level prestigious
admission entrance test
exams,includingCommonAdmissionTest,IndianInstitute of Technology,
Central Pre-Medical Test, State Pre-Medical Test, National Defence
Academy, IndianMilitaryAcademy,All
IndiaEngineeringEntranceExam,andmanyothersuchtests and
exams.Maharishi Mahesh Yogi Vedic University in the
stateofMadhyaPradesh(establishedbystateactin1995),
andMaharishiUniversityofManage-ment and Technology in the state of
Chhattisgarh (established in 2002 by state act) enroll over20,000
students. Maharishi Institute of Manage-ment has over 1,000
students in five branches.
Maharishi University of Management
in Fairfield, Iowa, U.S.A. Founded in 1971
Maharishi University of Management, founded in
1971,offersbachelor,master,anddoctoraldegreeprograms;itisaccreditedbyTheHigherLearningCommissionof
theNorthCentralAssociationofColleges and Schools, the largest and
oldest educa-tional accrediting organization in the United
States.
Per c
ent s
tude
nts p
assin
g
0
25
50
75
100
MaharishiSchool
NationalAverage
HigherExamination Scores
through the Transcendental Meditation program
Each year from 1995 to 1997, 100 per cent of students
atMaharishi School of the Age of Enlightenment inLancashire, U.K.,
passed the General Certificate ofSecondary Education national
examination in five ormore subjects at the top three grading
levels, in contrastto a national percentage ranging from 43 per
cent to 46per cent during these three years.
SUMMARY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ON CONSCIOUSNESS-BASED
EDUCATION
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13
Holistic Development. Scientific research studies show that
Maharishi University of Management students display unique and
holistic development of their mental potential, health, and social
behavior, as measured by increased fluid
intelligence(34,7);increasedfieldindependence(broader comprehension
togetherwith improvedability to focus) (4); improved learning
ability(8); improvement in reaction timemeasures thatare
correlatedwith intelligence (7); increasedneurological efficiency
(30); reduced need foroutpatient or inpatient medical care and
reduced
health care costs among university staff
(99);increasedsocialmaturity(3);andgrowthtouniquelyhighlevelsofself-development(100).
Educational excellence.The National Survey ofStudentEngagement,
themostcomprehensiveassessment of effective practices in higher
educa-tion, found that Maharishi University of Manage-ment is among
the top U.S. bachelor and master
degreeinstitutionsinthesurveysbenchmarksofeducationalpractice,basedondatafromsurveysof
135,000 senior students at 613 colleges and universities between
2000 and 2002. Maharishi University of Management was among the top
3% in
activeandcollaborativelearning,amongthetop7%instudent-facultyinteraction,amongthetop4%inenrichingeducationalexperiences,amongthe
top8%insupportivecampusenvironment,and among the top 26% in level
of academic chal-lenge.
Students also expressed significantly higher satisfac-tion with
their education in contrast to the national reference group of 1000
colleges and universities, as
evaluatedbytheAmericanCollegeTestingService.For example, among
Maharishi University of
Man-agementgraduates,comparedtonorms,39%morestudent said they would
definitely choose the uni-versity again, 54% more said the
university prepared them exceptionally well for their further
education, 35% more said the university prepared them very well for
their present occupation, and 64% more said the university prepared
them very much to care for their own physical and mental
health.StudentAchievements.GraduatesofMaharishiUniversity of
Management have continued their education at over 130 graduate and
professional schools, and are hired by leading corporations and
institutions. They are notably successful as business
entrepreneurs, and have won major professional awards. Maharishi
University of Management graduate stu-dents have published research
in academic journals and presented their research findings at state
and national conferences. Students have also won major national and
state awards, including National Sci-ence Foundation Fellowships
and student research grantsfromtheNationalInstitutesofHealth.
Development of IntelligenceIncreased IQ in University
Students
through the Transcendental Meditation program
1985
Transcendental Meditation
Mea
n IQ
Sco
re(C
atte
ll C
ultu
re-F
air
Inte
llige
nce T
est)
Controls116
121
1987Maharishi University of Management students who were
practicing the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi programs
displayed a significant increase in intelligence in contrast to
control students.Reference: Personality and Individual Differences
12:1105-1116, 1991.
IncreasedSelf-Development
through the Transcendental Meditation program
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
-0.2
-0.4
Adj
uste
d ch
ange
scor
es,
Loev
inge
rs e
go d
evel
opm
ent s
cale
ControlUniversity
ControlUniversity
ControlUniversity
TranscendentalMeditation
Maharishi University of Management students who were practicing
the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi programs increased
significantly in self-development (ego development) when measured
after graduation, in contrast to control students at three other
universities who were not participating in this program. Reference:
Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 17: 93121, 2005
ACHIEVEMENTSOFCONSCIOUSNESS-BASEDEDUCATIONALINSTITUTIONS
-
14
(1)Tjoa,A. Increased intelligence and reducedneuroticism through
the Transcendental Medi-tation program. Gedrag: Tijdschrift voor
Psy-chologie 3:167182,1975.
(2) Shecter,H.W.Apsychological investigationinto the source of
the effect of the Transcenden-tal Meditation technique.
Dissertation Abstracts International38(7):3372B3373B,1978.
(3) Aron,A.;Orme-Johnson,D.;andBrubaker,P.The Transcendental
Meditation program in the
collegecurriculum:A4-yearlongitudinalstudyof effects on cognitive
and affective function-ing. College Student Journal 15:
140146,1981.
(4)Dillbeck,M.C.;Assimakis,P.D.;Raimondi,D.;Orme-Johnson,D.W.;andRowe,R.Lon-gitudinal
effects of the Transcendental Medita-tion and TM-Sidhi program on
cognitive abil-ity and cognitive style. Perceptual and Motor
Skills62:731738,1986.
(5) Jedrczak,A.;Beresford,M.;andClements,G.The TM-Sidhi
programme, pure conscious-ness, creativity and intelligence. The
Journal of Creative Behavior19:270275,1985.
(6) Jedrczak,A.;Toomey,M.;andClements,G.The TM-Sidhi programme,
age, and brief test of percep tual-motor speed and nonverbal
intelligence. Journal of Clinical Psychology 42:161164,1986.
(7)
Cranson,R.W.;Orme-Johnson,D.W.;Gack-enbach,J.;Dillbeck,M.C.;Jones,C.H.;and
Alexander,C.N.TranscendentalMeditationand improved performance
on intelligence-relatedmeasures:A longitudinal study.Per-sonality
and Individual Differences12:11051116,1991.
(8)
Dillbeck,M.C.;Orme-Johnson,D.W.;andWal-lace,R.K.FrontalEEGcoherence,H-reflexrecovery,
concept learning, and the TM-Sidhi program. International Journal
of Neurosci-ence15:151157,1981.
(9) Alexander,C.N.;Langer,E.;Newman,R.I.;Chandler,H.M.;
andDavies, J.L.Transcen-dental Meditation, mindfulness, and
longevity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
57:950964,1989.
(10)Dillbeck,M.C.Meditationand flexibilityofvisual perception
and verbal problem-solving. Memory &
Cognition10:207215,1982.
(11)Dixon,C.A.Consciousness and
cognitivedevelopment:Asix-monthlongitudinalstudyof four-year-olds
practicing the childrensTranscendental Meditation technique.
Disser-tation Abstracts International 50(3):1518B,1989.
(12)Warner,T.Q.TranscendentalMeditationanddevelopmental
advancement: Mediating abili-ties and conservation performance.
Disserta-tion Abstracts International 47(8): 3558B,1987.
(13)Gelderloos,P.;Lockie,R.J.;andChuttoorgoon,S. Field
independence of students at Maha rishi
7. ConClusIon
8. sCIentIfIC researCh referenCes CIted In text
The results of the hundreds of scientific research studies on
the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi programs, the
outstanding educational outcomes, and decades of educational
experience worldwide, indicate that any school or university in any
nation imple-menting this technology will enjoy the
progres-sivedevelopment of the students and teacherscreative
potential in an increasingly harmonious
and vital learning environment. With the entire institution
practicing the TM-Sidhi program, the orderliness, harmony, and
creativity will spread to the whole community; and if the
institution is large enough, to the broader society.Educators
wishing to implement Consciousness-Based education programs may
write to the International Foundation of Consciousness-Based
Education: .
SUMMARY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ON CONSCIOUSNESS-BASED
EDUCATION
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15
School of theAgeofEnlightenment and aMontessori school.
Perceptual and Motor Skills 65:613614,1987.
(14)Goddard,P.H.Reducedage-relateddeclinesofP300 latency in
elderly practicing Transcen-dental Meditation. Psychophysiology
26:529,1989.
(15)Pelletier,K.R. Influence ofTranscenden-tal Meditation upon
autokinetic perception. Perceptual and Motor
Skills39:10311034,1974.
(16)Gelderloos,P.;Goddard
III,P.H.;Ahlstrm,H.H.B.;andJacoby,R.Cognitiveorientationtoward
positive values in advanced participants of the TM and TM-Sidhi
program. Perceptual and Motor Skills 64:10031012,1987.
(17)Nidich,S.I.;Nidich,R.J.;andRainforth,M.School
effectiveness:Achievementgains
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1(Rheinweil-er,Germany:MaharishiEuropeanResearchUniversity):396399,1977.
(20)Kember, P.TheTranscendentalMeditationtechnique and
postgraduate academic perfor-mance. British Journal of Educational
Psy-chology55:164166,1985.
(21)Travis,
F.TheTranscendentalMeditationtechniqueandcreativity:Alongitudinalstudyof
Cornell University undergraduates. Journal of Creative
Behavior13:169180,1979.
(22)Lyubimov,N.N.Electrophysiological char-acteristics of
mobilization of hidden brain reserves. Abstracts, the International
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(23)Kobal,G.;Wandhfer, R,A.; and Plattig,
K.-H.EEGpowerspectraandauditoryevokedpotentialsinTranscendentalMeditation(TM).Pflgers
Archiv 359 (Suppl.): 191, R 96(Abstract),1975.
(24)Wandhfer,A.;Kobal,G.;andPlattig,K.-H.Shortening of latencies
of human auditory evoked brain potentials during the
Transcen-dental Meditation technique. Zeitschrift fr
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EEG-EMG7:99103,1976.
(25)McEvoy,T.M.;Frumkin,L.R.;andHarkins,S.W.Effectsofmeditationonbrainstemaudi-tory
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Neuroscience10:165170,1980.
(26)Banquet, J.P.;andLesvre,N.Event-relatedpotentials in altered
states of consciousness. Motiva tion, Motor and Sensory Processes
of the Brain, Progress in Brain Research 54: 447453,1980.
(27)Cranson,R.;Goddard,P.;Orme-Johnson,D.;and Schuster, D. P300
under conditions of temporal uncertainty and filter attenuation:
Reduced latency in long-term practitioners of TM. Psychophysiology
27 (Suppl.): 4A(Abstract),1990.
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Psychophysi-ology31:S67(Abstract),1994.
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on normal and Jen-drassik reflex time. Perceptual and Motor
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(30)Wallace,R.K.;Mills,
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cognitive style associated with Transcendental Meditation.
Psychophysiology 14:293296,1977.
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consciousness, creativ-ity, and TM-Sidhi experiences. International
Journal of Neuroscience13:211217,1981.
(33)Nidich, S.I.;Ryncarz,R.A.;Abrams,A.I.;
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SCIENTIFICRESEARCHREFERENCES
More than 600 scientific research studies, con-ducted at over
250 universities and research institutes in 33 countries, verify
the benefits of the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi programs
for mind, body, behavior, and society.
Seven Volumes of Scientific Researchon the Maharishi
Transcendental
Meditation and TM-Sidhi programs, reprinted from scientific
journals
over 5,000 pages
-
The effectiveness of Consciousness-Based education programs has
been validated by hundreds of research studies and 50 years of
educational experience. The holistic benefits produced by this
approach can easily be gained by any university or school by adding
the practice of the Tran-scendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi
programs to the existing curriculum; or by starting a
Consciousness-Based educational institution, which adds to the
standard curriculum not only this technology, but also courses of
study on consciousness and instructional techniques to enhance
learning.
For information about implementingConsciousness-Based education
programs:
InternationalFoundationofConsciousness-BasedEducationEmail:[email protected]
Website:www.ConsciousnessBasedEducation.org
For information aboutMaharishi University of Management:
Maharishi University of
ManagementOfficeofAdmissions,Fairfield,Iowa52557,USA
Phone:800-369-6480E-mail:[email protected]
Website: www.mum.edu
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summary oFsCIentIFIC researCh on
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