Revolution and Nationalism China, India and Russia.

Revolution and Nationalism

China, India and Russia

China

Collapse of Chinese Imperial Rule

Early 1900s Kuomintang (Nationalist Party)

Leader Sun Yixian 1912- Overthrew Qing dynasty

Shaky Start for New Republic

1912- Sun- president of new Republic of China

Wanted to establish modern government based on Nationalism People’s rights- democracy People’s livelihood

Turned power over to Yuan Shikai

May Fourth Movement

China involved in WWI China outraged Protests in Beijing by students- Mao

Zedong supported Became a national movement

Movement showed goal of establishing a strong, modern nation

The Communist Party in China

Kuomintang in southern China Sun links with Communist party 1925- Sun dies, Jiang Jieshi (Chiang

Kai-shek) takes over Jiang feared Communists’ goal Clash Jiang became president of Nationalist

Republic of China Civil war until 1949

Civil War Rages in China

Jiang made promises Communist leader Mao Zedong

developing strong following Mao envisioned taking revolution to people

(country)

The Long March

1933 Jiang surrounded Communist mountain stronghold

Communists fled- outnumbered 6-1 Communists began 6,000 mile long

journey Civil war halted by Japanese invasion of

Manchuria

INDIA

Nationalism in India

Indian nationalism growing since mid-1800s

Two groups formed Indian National Congress 1885 Muslim League 1906 Hindus and Muslims once divided, now

united

WWI Heightens Nationalism

Until WWI little interest in nationalism 1918 troops came home from war

Expected self-rule, got nothing Violent actions taken

Rowlatt Act Amristar Massacre

Gandhi’s Principles of Nonviolence

Mohandas K. Gandhi emerges as leader Principle of satyagraha- civil

disobedience Called Indians to refuse to buy British

goods Boycott on British cloth Salt March

British arrested thousands

SALT MARCH

Great Britain Grants Indian Self- Rule

1935- Britain passed Government of India Act Provided local self-government and limited

democratic elections India began moving towards full

independence

RUSSIA

Russian Revolution

Revolution- 1917, problems prior Cruel, oppressive czars created unrest Alexander II- assassinated Alexander III determined to strengthen

Russia

Russian Czars

Alexander III Nicholas II

Revolutionary Movement Grows

Rapid industrialization New problems Rising groups

Mensheviks Bolsheviks

Lenin leader of Bolsheviks Fled Russia

Crises at Home and Abroad

Russo-Japanese War Bloody Sunday- Revolution of 1905 WWI- Final Blow

Unprepared economically and militarily Rasputin

March Revolution

Local protests led to uprisings Forced czar to abdicate throne Duma established provisional government Continued to fight WWI

Much unrest with this decision in Russia Lenin returns to Russia in 1917

Bolshevik Revolution

Lenin and Bolsheviks take control Bolshevik Red Guards stormed Winter

Palace in Petrograd Lenin established control

Farmland given to peasants Factories given to workers

Lenin’s Opposition

White Army Leon Trotsky commanded Red Army US sent aid to help White Army Red Army triumphed, crushing

opposition

Lenin Restores Order

New Economic Policy (NEP) Political Reforms

Self-governing republics under central government

1922- named USSR New Capital- Moscow Bolsheviks renamed Communists