Revision powerpoints Primary Sources A primary source is a document or physical object which was written or created during the time under study. Examples.
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Revision powerpoints
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Primary Sources A primary source is a document or physical
object which was written or created during the time under study.
Examples Include : diaries, speeches, manuscripts, letters,
interviews, news film footage, autobiographies, official records
and artefacts.
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Secondary Sources A secondary source interprets and analyzes
primary sources. These sources are one or more steps removed from
the event. Examples of secondary sources include : textbooks,
magazine articles, histories, criticisms, commentaries,
encyclopedias
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Source evaluation When evaluating primary or secondary sources,
the following questions might be asked to help ascertain the nature
and value of material being considered: How does the author know
these details (names, dates, times)? Was the author present at the
event or soon on the scene? Where does this information come
frompersonal experience, eyewitness accounts, or reports written by
others? Are the author's conclusions based on a single piece of
evidence, or have many sources been taken into account
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Confucius : Believed that if people developed moral virtue and
goodness then they should govern themselves, He tried to help
ancient China build a just and stable society using common sense.
Taoism : (founder Laozi) people should follow the way of the Tao by
living simple lives in harmony with nature. Buddhism : Respect for
other property and other life. Most widely practiced religion in
China.
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QuestionConfucianismTaoismBuddism You are failing class And
will be in trouble if parents find out. How do you handle the
situation? Inform parents. Apologise for pot living up to standards
Expected. Promise to do better. Dont worry about it and the problem
will go away. Fix the problem if it will make you happier Try to
improve. If you dont improve, accept punishment Your friend smokes
and is trying to make you start Inform them that it is wrong.
Report their behaviour to the principal. Avoid the person until
they stop smoking Smoking would make you unhappy. Its bad for you.
Help them to try and stop smoking. You have the opportunity to
steal something without being caught. How should you act? Would not
take it is against the rules Would not take it as it would
complicate their life. Would not take it. Respect other peoples
property
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Qin Shi Huangdi, First Chinese Emperor In 210 BC he declared
himself the first emperor of China and named himself Shi Huangdi
(meaning First Emperor). The Emperor standardized Chinese writing,
law, currency, weights and measures. He built a system of roads,
and massive fortifications and palaces. Shi Huangdi (259-210 B.C.)
was a cruel ruler who readily killed or banished those who opposed
him or his ideas. He is notorious for burning virtually all the
books that remained from previous regimes. The Qin dynasty ended
soon after his death, but a unified China remained for over 2,000
years. China's name is derived from his short but seminal dynasty,
Qin (pronounced Chin).
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The Great Wall of China The Great Wall of China was built over
2,000 years ago, and began by Qin Shi Huangdi, the first emperor of
China during the Qin (Ch'in) Dynasty (221 B.C - 206 B.C.). The
Great Wall is one of the largest building construction projects
ever completed. It is constructed of masonry, rocks and
packed-earth. It was over 5,000 km long. It was up to 7.5 meters
tall
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Geography : The study of the earth and its features and of the
distribution of life on the earth, including human life and the
effects of human activity.
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There are 3 types of Geography Physical (what the land etc
LOOKS like rivers, mountains etc) Human (human impact - Population
etc) Environmental (how humans etc AFFECT the world its the bridge
between the others)
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On the map horizontal lines are lines of latitude which run
parallel to each other and.... vertical lines are lines of
Longitude which run from North to South Pole The X axis is the
equator and the Y axis which runs through Greenwich, England is the
Prime Meridian. Equator Prime Meridian
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The South Pole is 90 south of the equator The North Pole is 90
north of the equator The 0 and 180 divide the world into Eastern
and Western Hemispheres.
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City Latitude MinutesLongitudeMinutes Auckland,3652 S17445 E
Athens, Greece3758 N2343 E Beijing,3955 N11625 E Bombay,190 N7248 E
Cairo,302 N3121 E London,5132 N05 W Osaka, Japan3432 N13530 E
Wellington,4117 S17447 E
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Glossary Time zone : A geographic region within which the same
standard time is used.
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Time Zones Around the World
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Label the countries a - k A c B h e j i k g f d
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What is a rainforest? A Rainforest can be described as a tall,
dense jungle. The reason it is called a "rain" forest is because of
the high amount of rainfall it gets per year. The climate of a rain
forest is very hot and humid so the animals and plants that exist
there must learn to adapt to this climate.
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Why are they important? These incredible places cover only 6 %
of the Earth's surface but yet they contain MORE THAN 1/2 of the
world's plant and animal species! As many as 30 million species of
plants and animals live in tropical rainforests. At least
two-thirds of the world's plant species, including many exotic and
beautiful flowers grow in the rainforests.
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Why are they important? Rainforests are the source of many
items that we all use in our own homes! We eat several foods from
the rainforest and many medicines are made from ingredients found
only in these areas. chocolate sugar cinnamon rubber medicine
pineapples
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Where are rainforest located?
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Rainforest layers Emergent layer, trees can be 200 feet high.
Most trees are broad-leaved, hardwood evergreens. Sunlight is
plentiful up here. Animals found are eagles, monkeys, bats and
butterflies. Canopy layer forms a roof over the two remaining
layers. Most trees have smooth, oval leaves that come to a point.
It forms a very dense layer. Food is abundant for animals including
snakes, toucans and tree frogs Little sunshine reaches here so the
plants have to grow larger leaves to reach the sunlight. The plants
in this area seldom grow to 12 feet. Many animals live here
including jaguars, red-eyed tree frogs and leopards and many
insects. It's very dark here and so no plants grow here, Things
begin to decay very quickly. A leaf that might take one year to
decompose in a regular climate will disappear in 6 weeks. Giant
anteaters live in this layer.
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A delicate ecosystem 1.Rainfall is absorbed by the trees and
pulled up to the canopy where it evaporates into the air. 2.Trees
and plants receive most of their nutrients from decaying matter
(fallen leaves and organic debris). 3.Plants and trees hold down
the topsoil and keep it from washing away in heavy rains. 4.When
the land is cleared and crops are planted, the soil doesn't stay
fertile for long without the nutrients from the decaying matter.
5.Once the foliage is removed, heavy rains wash away the
topsoil.
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Last Songbirds Songbirds, which help farmers in the U.S. by
eating insects, can no longer winter in tropical forests. Forest
People Forest people lose their homes, their culture, and sometimes
their lives. Their knowledge of the forest is lost Changed Climate
Burning huge areas of rainforest releases carbon, causing changes
in wind currents and rainfall around the world Extinction Thousands
of species of rainforest animals and plants are lost forever
Undiscovered Medicines Plants that might provide new medicines and
products become extinct before they can be studied.
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Reasons for cutting down the rainforest wood extraction : The
exportation of wood to the developed countries brings considerably
large amount of revenues for countries such as Brazil. Intensive
cutting can lead to zero chance of recovery. cattle ranching :
Farmers clear much of the tropical rainforest to make way for
pastures for their cattle to ranch on. Since nutrients found in the
soil are not renewed, they easily run out. This would then cause
farmers to cut down more forest for more pastures. Mining : miners
clear the land of vegetation to dig for minerals and coal. Heating
and cooking : wood or charcoal used as a fuel
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Specifically, ecotourism possesses the following
characteristics: 1.Conscientious, low-impact visitor behavior
2.Sensitivity towards, and appreciation of, local cultures and
biodiversity 3.Support for local conservation efforts 4.Sustainable
benefits to local communities 5.Local participation in
decision-making 6.Educational components for both the traveler and
local communities
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Primary Concerns of Ecotourism: environmental concerns include
the impact that large numbers of tourists have on the flora and
fauna of an area. Economic concerns relate to impacts of tourism on
the local economy. One important economic challenge is to develop
tourism which will pay for nature conservation and increase the
value of undisturbed natural areas. and social concerns are the
impact tourism has on local people.
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Sustainable Tourism Encourages balanced travel and tourism and
heightened respect for people and their environment through
development of sustainable infrastructures (energy, water, waste,
and transportation).
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Where are New Zealand's energy resources?
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Oil: New Zealand has basins along its coastlines which are
potential sources of petroleum, although the Taranaki basin has
been the only source utilised to date. Most oil reserves imported.
Coal: Deposits exist nationwide, with primary mining operations
occurring at Westport, Greymouth and Waikato. Hydroelectricity:
Hydro power generates around 44% of the country's energy. As it
relies heavily on sufficient rainfall and adequate water levels in
the hydro storage lakes, power crises can result from times of low
rainfall and high demand. Geothermal: Systems are located
nationwide, but high temperature geothermal fields exist in the
Taupo region on the North Island's Central Plateau and Ngawha, in
Northland.
What about the environmental impacts of energy use ? The
production and use of New Zealand energy has always had an
environmental impact. For New Zealand, the consequences have been
reduced air quality from home wood burners and vehicles, flooded
land from the installation of hydroelectricity stations, and wasted
heat from thermal power stations.New Zealand energy
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What alternative energy sources are available? For over 100
years, the world has relied on fossil fuels such as coal, oil and
gas to meet their energy needs. The burning of fossil fuels
produces carbon dioxide and other gases which accumulate in the
Earth's atmosphere. These gases are causing the earths temperature
to rise.
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Wind Power: There are currently six wind farms in New Zealand,
as well as a number of proposals under consideration. Wind turbines
generate enough sustainable electricity to provide power to 75,000
households. The main drawbacks in the use of this renewable energy
resource are the limited amount of power that can be produced, the
cost of building and maintenance, and the noise heard by those
living near wind farms. Solar Power:. Solar power is a clean method
of energy production requiring solar panels which simply convert
sunlight into energy suitable for human uses. The solar panels
themselves, though, must be maintained regularly and have only a
40% efficiency rate. Nuclear Power: However, nuclear power has
become an essential global energy source, supplying around one
fifth of the world's electricity.
Slide 40
The 1981 Springbok rugby tour For 56 days in July, August and
September 1981, New Zealanders were divided against each other in
the largest civil disturbance seen in NZ. More than 150,000 people
took part in over 200 demonstrations in 28 centres, and 1500 were
charged with offences stemming from these protests. This was caused
by the 1981 Springbok Tour.
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RUGBY HISTORY The first official series, a visit by South
Africa in 1921, ended in a tie when the deciding test at
Wellingtons Athletic Park was drawn 00. In 1928 the All Blacks
toured South Africa, and over the course of three months they
played 22 matches, winning 16. The test series was tied 22, and a
great rivalry was born. Why should a sporting event be the source
of civil unrest? What these statistics and results fail to reveal
is that until 1992 the racial policies of South Africa meant that
teams were selected on the basis of race.
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No Maoris No tour The policy of apartheid created obvious
problems for New Zealand rugby, given the prominence of Mori in the
sport. Touring South Africa with its entrenched segregation was
also problematic. The New Zealand Rugby Football Union (NZRFU)
chose not to select Mori for tours to South Africa until 1970
Before the All Blacks toured the republic in 1960 there were calls
of No Maoris No Tour, and 150,000 New Zealanders signed a petition
against sending a race- based team, but the tour went ahead
regardless. Prime Minister Keith Holyoakes statement that in this
country we are one people was translated into practice when a
proposed 1967 tour to South Africa was cancelled.
Slide 43
SPORTING BOYCOTT In 1968 the United Nations called for a
sporting boycott as one way of putting pressure on the South
African government. As rugby and cricket were the two main sports
for white South Africans, the spotlight was bound to fall on New
Zealand. When the All Blacks toured in 1970 they sent a multiracial
team, not as a result of international pressure softening South
African resolve, but because the South African government allowed
Mori to travel as honorary whites.
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Protest March 1970 For some this was the last straw. Those
opposed to contact with South Africa attacked the NZRFU for
allowing Mori players to be demeaned, and they argued that by
continuing contact, New Zealand was condoning apartheid. Moreover,
by allowing Mori players to be treated in this way, we were
allowing South African racial attitudes to infect our own society.
Others, including many players, stressed that sport and politics
should remain separate. Some, perhaps naively, argued that rugby
contact with a multiracial country like New Zealand could promote
change for the better in South Africa.
Slide 45
1973 Springbok Tour Keeping sport and politics separate was
becoming increasingly difficult. In July 1969 HART (Halt All Racist
Tours) was formed. In April 1973, faced with what he predicted
would be the greatest eruption of violence this country has ever
known, Prime Minister Kirk announced his governments decision to
cancel the tour.
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1976 TOUR AND OLYMPIC BOYCOTT The All Blacks accepted an
invitation to tour South Africa in 1976 a time when world attention
was firmly fixed on the republic because of the Soweto riots.
Hundreds were killed as the authorities ruthlessly suppressed
protests. An All Blacks tour under such conditions was not only
intolerable to many New Zealanders but also attracted international
condemnation. Black African nations boycotted the 1976 Montreal
Olympics in protest, firmly putting sports and politics back onto
the same stage. New Zealands international reputation had been
damaged
Slide 47
Commonwealth Heads of State meeting in 1977 discussed the South
African question and adopted the Gleneagles Agreement, promising to
discourage contact and competition between their sportsmen and
sporting organisations, teams or individuals from South Africa.
Despite Gleneagles, Robert Muldoon made it clear that the
government would not allow political interference in sport in any
form. The NZRFU took this as a green light, and in September 1980
invited the South Africans to tour the following year
Slide 48
1981: a divided New Zealand The Springbok rugby tour to New
Zealand was seen by some as endorsement of South Africa's
separatist government. When the New Zealand Rugby Football Union
and the NZ government ignored calls to cancel the tour, the NZ
anti- apartheid movement planned peaceful protest marches to
attempt to sway the government's decision.
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1981: a divided New Zealand The tour supporters were determined
that the first Springbok visit to New Zealand since 1965 would not
be spoiled. The anti-tour movement was equally determined to show
its opposition to it. the tour was seen as a clash between the old
and the new New Zealand, which revealed itself in five main ways:
the struggle between baby boomers and war veterans city versus
country men versus women black versus white Britain of the south
versus independent Pacific nation The tours greatest impact on New
Zealand society was to stimulate debate about racism and the place
of Mori in New Zealand.
Slide 50
Impact in South Africa In Hamilton the protesters occupying the
pitch had chanted, The whole world is watching. The same applied to
New Zealand as a nation. Some believed the tour was an opportunity
to address the issue of racism in New Zealand while showing
solidarity with the oppressed black majority in South Africa. The
1981 tour was part of a long process that led to this significant
change in South Africa, and in this respect, it represented New
Zealand's contribution towards a major international event in the
closing decades of the 20th century. The anti-apartheid movement in
South Africa was buoyed by events in New Zealand. Nelson Mandela
recalled that when he was in his prison cell on Robben Island and
heard that the game in Hamilton had been cancelled, it was as if
the sun had come out
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IMPACT It was a factor in a growing consciousness about
race/ethnicity as a matter of culture in New Zealand.. New Zealand,
it's a better place today than it was 30 years ago in terms of
recognizing and respecting the diversity of the country and how
that all has contributed to the positive aspects of New Zealand
culture, certainly including rugby.
Slide 52
QUESTIONS How did the actions of people at this time influence
the lives of individuals? How was New Zealand society as a whole
shaped by this event? How did New Zealanders respond, individually
and collectively, to this issue?
Slide 53
P HUNT Make a P HUNT : 10 Questions with the answers starting
with the letter P 1. Name the Country to the North of
Australia