1 Reversible data hiding for high quality images using modification of prediction errors Source: The Journal of Systems and Software, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 3 June 2009 Authors: Wien Hong, Tung-Shou Chen, and Chih-Wei Shiu Presenter: Chia-Chun Wu Date: September 4, 2009
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Reversible data hiding for high quality images using modification of prediction errors
Reversible data hiding for high quality images using modification of prediction errors. Source : The Journal of Systems and Software, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 3 June 2009 Authors : Wien Hong, Tung-Shou Chen, and Chih-Wei Shiu Presenter : Chia-Chun Wu - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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1
Reversible data hiding for high quality images using
modification of prediction errors
Source: The Journal of Systems and Software, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 3 June 2009
Authors: Wien Hong, Tung-Shou Chen, and Chih-Wei ShiuPresenter: Chia-Chun WuDate: September 4, 2009
• Application:– medical images, military photos, law
enforcement
• Challenges:– Capacity– Quality
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INTRODUCTION (3/3)
• Reversible data hiding schemes: – Difference expansion
• Reversible data embedding using a difference expansion, Jun Tian, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 890 – 896, Aug. 2003
• Reversible watermark using the difference expansion of a generalized integer transform, Alattar, A.M. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 1147 - 1156, Aug. 2004
• Adaptive lossless steganographic scheme with centralized difference expansion, C.C. Lee, H.C. Wu, C.S. Tsai, and Y.P. Chu, Pattern Recognition, vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 2097-2106, 2008
– Histogram modification • Reversible data hiding, Z. Ni, Y.Q. Shi, N. Ansari, and W. Su, IEEE
Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol.16, no.3, pp. 354 – 362, March 2006
• Hiding Data Reversibly in an Image via Increasing Differences between Two Neighboring Pixels, C.C. Lin and N.L. Hsueh, IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, vol. E90–D, no.12, Dec. 2007
• A lossless data hiding scheme based on three-pixel block differences, C.C. Lin and N.L. Hsueh, Pattern Recognition vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 1415 – 1425, April 2008
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RELATED WORKS (1/3)
5 6 5 6 7
5 6 6 6 5
2 3 5 6 2
1 3 1 0 2
1 2 3 3 2
Histogram ofpixel values
Peak pointZero point
4 6 4 5 7
4 6 6 5 4
2 3 4 5 2
1 3 1 0 2
1 2 3 3 2
Original image
Stego image
Secret data embedding
101100unchanged
5 6 5 6 7
5 6 6 6 5
2 3 5 6 2
1 3 1 0 2
1 2 3 3 2
101100
Ni et al.’s method
Extracting
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min( , ) if max ,
max , if min ,
otherwise,i
a b c a b
p a b c a b
a b c
204 205
203 202
Thodi and Rodriguez’s method
Predicted value xi’ = 2 × pi / 2
Prediction error ei between xi and xi’ ei = xi – xi’Expanded prediction error Ei = 2 × ei + sj
a = 203, b = 205, c = 204, xi = 202
xi’ = 2 × 204 / 2 = 204
ei = xi – xi’= -2
If secret bit sj = 1, Ei = 2 × ei + sj = -3Stego-pixel
yi = xi’ + Ei. ( or yi = xi + ei + sj) yi = 204 + (-3) =201