Respiratory Disorders

• Tidal Volume – Normal Breathing Volume

• Inspiratory/Expiratory Reserve Volume (IRV, ERV) – BIG inhale/exhale

• Residual Volume – remaining air in lungs after exhale

• Eupnea – Normal breathing• Hyperpnea – Heavy Breathing

(rigorous exercise)

• Deep, rapid breathing• Way of establishing

homeostasis in body• Too much CO2 in body

(caused by stress, anxiety, panic attack, etc)

• Hyperventilation = more O2

HYPERVENTILATION HYPERPNEA

• Rapid, deep breathing• Inappropriate response • No increase in

metabolic rate• Caused by stress,

anxiety, respiratory disorders

• Rapid, deep breathing• Appropriate response • Increased metabolic

rate• Caused by exercise

• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Chronic = long-term

Obstructive = blocking

Pulmonary = lungs

Disease = infection• Examples:Asthma, Bronchitis, Emphysema, Pneumonia

• Chronic inflammatory disease in airways, causing breathing problems

• Bronchioles = constricted and inflamed

• Genetic links• Triggered by stress,

allergens, and rapid temperature changes

• Medicine you inhale to your lungs

• Most common: bronchodilators – dilate bronchioles, allowing more air in

• Nebulizer – same type of medicine

• Inflammation of bronchi (“itis”)

• Happens after a cold, flu [another viral infection]

• Type of COPD• Coughing, but no

mucus to cough up

1. What does COPD mean? Give an example of one of these diseases.

2. Give one reason why hyperventilation is different than hyperpnea.

3. When a person has asthma, they often will take inhalers, what do these inhalers do that help?

• Inflammation in alveoli (fluid filling alveoli)

• Bacterial (strep) or Viral infection

• Difficulty breathing (fluid), can hear crackles in breathing

• Genetic disease (gene – mucus, sweat regulation)

• Common in Caucasians

• Biggest symptom: huge difficulty breathing due to constricted airways

• Bacteria growing in mucus lining out of control pneumonia

• More respiratory diseases follow

• All die young• No cure (yet)

• Normally upper part of Respiratory system filters dust/foreign particles (cilia)–Smoking (tobacco) damages this

• Smoking Respiratory disease (Chronic bronchitis, lung cancer and emphysema)

• Damages teeth/fingernails

• Speeds up aging process

• Addictive (Nicotine – speeds up heart rate and blood pressure)

1. In pneumonia, what part of the lung is inflamed? What does it look like in a chest x-ray?

2. How is cystic fibrosis different from the other respiratory disorders mentioned?

3. How does smoking damage your respiratory pathway?