Residential safety 1 26 11

Residential SafetyPart 1 – The Directive Change

Part 2 – Residential Construction Hazards

Draft 1 26 2011

2010 Accident Causation Factors• 48 falls: includes 19 from roofs, 12 from ladder,

6 scaffolds, 2 porches

• 16 electrocution: includes 9 110/220volts, 7 powerlines

• 12 struck by objects/overturned include: 7 earth moving equipment, 2 falling objects, 1 aerial lift, 1 dump bed, 1 forklift

• 9 caught in/collapses: 7 trench excavations, 1 trailer, 1 scaffold

• 5 burns: 2 propane, 2 solvent, 1 arc blasts

• 6 others include: 2 heat stress, 2 insects stings, 1 inhalation of CO, 1 natural gas, 1 infection

These Deaths Were Preventable• These were not

isolated cases.

• There were 100 deaths in 100 incidents in CY2010.

• Workers have a right to a safe workplace.

• In the residential construction industry these are the FIVE largest risks among many:– Falls – Electrical– Trench collapse– Equipment overturning– Fire

• All of these are preventable

Injury Prevention Basics• Management Leadership

• Employee Participation

• Hazard Prevention and Control

• Education and Training

• Program Evaluation and Improvement

• Communication and coordination on multi-employer sites

• These principles are adopted and recognized by…– 2100 VPP Companies– 1600 SHARPs– 1926.20, 1926.21 – 1910.119– ANSI Z9.10– OHSAS 18001– States AR, CA, LA,

HI, MN, MT NV, NH, NY, OR, WA

Part 1 Directive

• Effective June 16, 2011• OSHA has issued a directive rescinding

the Interim Fall Protection Compliance Guidelines for Residential Construction (STD 03-00-001)

What is Residential?• The end-use is to

have people live in as their home, i.e., a dwelling/apartment AND

• The structure being built must be constructed using traditional wood frame construction materials and methods.

Residential? NO!

• Churches• Nursing Homes• Banks• Hotels

Nursing Homes

Hotels

Banks

Low Sloped Roofs (less than 4/12 pitch)

• Other fall protection measures may be used to the extent allowed under other provisions of 29 CFR 1926.501(b) addressing specific types of work. For example, 1926.501(b)(10) permits the use of warning lines and safety monitoring systems during the performance of roofing work on low-sloped roofs.

Sloped Roofs

Slide guards with guardrails for sheathing

No Fall Protection

Fall Protection Plan

• 1926.502(k)• See Appendix E in

OSHA Subpart M• ANSI Z359.2 –

Minimum Requirements for a Comprehensive Managed Fall Protection Program

Slides Guards?• Before: Alternative

measures such as slide guards acceptable

• Now: Prove that the use of conventional fall protection is infeasible or created a greater hazard

• Proof is via written fall protection plan

Infeasible

• A written, site-specific fall protection plan is required.

• And documents, in that plan, the reasons why conventional fall protection systems are infeasible or why their use would be a greater hazard.

• Please call the OSHA Regional Office if you have a written fall protection plan that is stating this.

Rotten Roofs

• Roof tear off on old roofs can pose a danger for falling through the roof.

• Infeasibility issues must be evaluated.

Roof shows white rot.

Slate and Tile Roofs• Common defense is that anchorages may

damage the roof.

• Case by case basis now.

Wall Walking• Many contractors are

using safety devices that attach to the wall to avoid working on the top plate.

• Not anticipated to be exempt under fall protection plan.

Work off ladders and scaffolds if possible.

This is dangerous and other methods can be used.

Top Plate• The worker has to get on the top plate to give

leverage and assist the center man with the large truss.

Due to the many configurations of

residential designs it will be evaluated on a case

by case basis.

Controlled Access Zones• Alternative methods• Written Fall Protection Plan• 1926.502(k)

Fall Restraint• OSHA allows the use of an effective fall restraint

system in lieu of a personal fall arrest system. • To be effective, a fall restraint system must be

rigged to prevent a worker from reaching a fall hazard and falling over the edge.

• See ANSI Z359.3-2007 for more on restraint systems.

Most fall restraints are impractical in residential. Workers can easily slide

off the roof.

Do not accept a restraint system without calling the OSHA regional

office.

Training Requirements• 1926.503• Each employee who might

be exposed to fall hazards must been trained

• Written certification record that contains: – Name/identity of the

employee trained– Date(s) of training – Signature of the employer

or the person who conducted the training

No fall protection used

Part 2 Overview

Scissor lift put on a trailer.

Step ladder used to get to the roof.

What do you see?

Residential Deaths CY2010• 100 deaths

• 48 falls

• 16 electrocutions

• 12 struck by objects/overturned

• 9 caught in/collapses: 7 trench excavations

• 5 burns

• 6 others include: 2 heat stress, 2 insects stings, 1 inhalation of CO, 1 natural gas, 1 infection

No guard rails on scaffold

Falls• 48 falls include:

– 19 falls from roofs – 12 falls from ladder – 6 scaffolds – 2 porches

Floor Openings

• Many falls through openings were stair openings

Violation: Floor opening with no guardrails.

Floor Opening AbatementViolation: 4' x 8' sheets of plywood covering a stairway opening to the

basement of a house. Only four nails hold the two covers. The cover is not marked.

No Violation: Guardrails used

Extension Ladders• Ladder contacting

electrical caused employee to fall in some cases.

• Carrying material up ladder perhaps another fall cause.

Violation: Ladder used to support plank.

Extension Ladder Abatement

• Extend ladder 3 feet above access roof

• Work within side rails

• Secure it from movement

• 10 feet from electrical lines

Ladder Jack Scaffold• Work is often siding• No fall arrest worn• Shall not exceed 20

feet• Use separate access

ladder when platform on front side of ladder

Ladder Jack Abatement• Fall arrest is often a roof anchorage, rope grab,

and body harness.

Open Sided Floor

• No guardrail at open sides above 6 feet• Often material handling is the reason no rails are

not in place

Open Side Floor Abatement

• Floor sheathing abatement using alternative fall protection methods.

No Violation: Area for wall building marked off six feet from edge.

Aerial lift• 1926.453 (b)(2)(v)

• No fall arrest in aerial lifts

• All users should have the PAL card to use lifts

• 8 hours of training

Forklift Fall

• Never work from a pallet!

Working on a pallet is very dangerous!

Porches• Guardrails first• Fall arrest is not practical• Check uprights on porches for diagonal bracing • Check for stability of porch

Electrocutions• 16 electrocutions include:

– 9 110/220 volts – 7 powerlines

10 feet away is required. Cranes are 20 feet.

Rat chewing on attic electrical wire

Electrical

• Attics in existing houses are common sources of electrocutions.

• Use voltage detectors• Use Class 0 or 00 gloves

Powerlines

• Consider using the new crane standard as a guideline (see next slide)

• Metal ladders are the #1 contact object

Could you get within 20 feet of power line?YES NO

Option #1 Deenergize &

Ground

No further action

Option #3Ask Utility for Voltage and Use Table A (with minimum

clearance distance)

Option #220 Foot

Clearance

Encroachment Prevention Measures

• Planning meeting• If tag lines used; Non-conductive• Elevated warning lines, barricade or line of signs

•PLUS (Choose one):

• Proximity alarm, spotter, warning device, range limiter, or insulating link

Intentionally Working Closer Than Table A Zone 1910.1410

• Paragraph (b) requires the employer to consult with the utility owner/operator before deciding that it infeasible to deenergize and ground the lines or relocate them.

• Employer can establish this distance by either having the utility owner/operator determine the minimum clearance distance that must be maintained or by having a registered professional engineer who is a qualified person with respect to electrical transmission and distribution determine the minimum clearance distance that must be maintained.

Struck By• 12 struck by

objects/overturned include: – 7 earth moving

equipment – 2 falling objects – 1 aerial lift – 1 dump bed – 1 forklift

Crane or forklift is recommended to lift walls

Vehicles

• Vehicle can back over employee

Forklifts• Tip over is common.• Certified operators

are required.• Riding pallet or home

made platforms that fall off is not acceptable

• May be covered under 1926.1400 depending on attachments and use

Earthmoving Buckets

• Hit by Bucket• Excavators• Skidsteers• Backhoes

Worker in white shirt under bucket to the right. No hard hat. No need to be there.

Truss Bracing

• Trusses have to have horizontal and diagonal bracing to prevent a truss collapse.

• Cited 5(a)(1) per Truss Plate Institute Guidelines

Truss Lifting

• Lifting the truss at one point can cause the truss to separate/break and fall.

• Use a spreader bar or a forklift.

Swing Radius • Workers are killed when

struck by the counterweight

• Aerial lifts

• Excavator

• Flag off the area

• The operator may not see a person coming up

Bracing Walls

• Masonry Walls (See Masonry Institute Guidelines)

• Concrete foundations

• Concrete Forms

Caught In

• 9 caught in/collapses include: – 7 trench excavations– 1 trailer – 1 scaffold

Trenching

• No cave in protection

• No ladder within 25 feet

• No competent person

• Quick disconnect bucket hazard (see OSHA SHIB)

Fire/Burns• 5 burns include:

– 2 propane – 2 solvent – 1 arc blasts

• Have a fire prevention plan

• Have fire extinguisher

• Use Flame resistant clothing if necessary

Electrical Processes Causing Arc Flashes

• Removing or installing circuit breakers or fuses • Voltage testing • Working on control circuits when energized parts

exposed • Applying safety grounds • Racking circuit breakers • Racking starters • Removing bolted covers• See NFPA 70E

Other

• 6 others include: – 2 heat stress – 2 insects stings – 1 inhalation of CO – 1 natural gas – 1 infection

Carbon Monoxide

• Winter time is worst time for temporary heaters.

• No venting and use of fuels inside.

Heat Stress• Workers need to gradually build up to heavy

work • Provide water• Plan for a cool area/shade• Know signs of heat illnesses• Take more breaks

when extreme heat and humidity

Resources

• NAHB-OSHA Jobsite Safety Handbook http://www.osha.gov/doc/jobsite/

• Every state has free consultation available to small employers.

Further• This was prepared as a collaborative effort several

friends as a preliminary aid for anyone in the Residential Safety field.

• These are just some the issues. A comprehensive job hazard analysis should be conducted for any task where someone can get hurt.

• This is not an official OSHA publication. Those will be on the OSHA.gov website.

• [email protected] is my email if you see any errors312-353-5977

• I want to thank Brian Sturtecky, Bill Donovan, Steve Y, Frank M, Steve M. Tom K, Tom S, Ken K, Josh M, and Janet Schulte, all their assistance in answering questions and providing insight to the many hazards in this sector.