Ain Shams University Faculty of Science Geophysics Department Reservoir characterization of Pliocene sand using quantitative seismic techniques and well logs at west offshore Nile Delta, Egypt A thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Science as a partial fulfillment for the requirements of Master degree of Science in Applied Geophysics. By Esraa Mahmoud Azmy Abdel Hamid B.Sc. in Geology and Geophysics Faculty of Science – Ain Shams University, 2011 To Geophysics Department Faculty of Science Ain Shams University Supervised by Prof. Dr. Said Abdel- Maaboud Aly. Head of Geophysics Department. Faculty of Science – Ain Shams University Dr. Azza Mahmoud Abd El-Latif El-Rawy Lecturer of Geophysics Mr. Maged Mohamed Fahim. Senior Geophysicist- bp Egypt. Geophysics department – Faculty of Science – Ain Shams University Cairo – 2015
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Ain Shams University
Faculty of Science
Geophysics Department
Reservoir characterization of Pliocene
sand using quantitative seismic techniques
and well logs at west offshore Nile Delta,
Egypt
A thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Science as a
partial fulfillment for the requirements of Master degree of
Science in Applied Geophysics. By
Esraa Mahmoud Azmy Abdel Hamid B.Sc. in Geology and Geophysics
Faculty of Science – Ain Shams University, 2011
To Geophysics
Department Faculty of
Science
Ain Shams University
Supervised by
Prof. Dr. Said Abdel- Maaboud Aly. Head of Geophysics Department. Faculty of
Science – Ain Shams University
Dr. Azza Mahmoud Abd El-Latif El-Rawy Lecturer of Geophysics
Mr. Maged Mohamed Fahim. Senior Geophysicist- bp Egypt.
Geophysics department – Faculty of Science – Ain Shams University
Cairo – 2015
Note
The present thesis is submitted to faculty of Science, Ain Shams University in partial
fulfillment for the requirements of the Master degree of Science in Geophysics.
Beside the research work materialized in this thesis, the candidate has attended ten post-
graduate courses for one year in the following topics:
1. Geophysical field measurements
2. Numerical analysis and computer programming
3. Elastic wave theory
4. Seismic data acquisition
5. Seismic data processing
6. Seismic data interpretation 7. Seismology
8. Engineering seismology
9. Deep seismic sounding
10. Structure of the earth
She successfully passed the final examinations in these courses.
In fulfillment of the language requirement of the degree, she also passed the final
examination of a course in the English language.
Prof. D. Salah Eldin Abdel Wahab
Mohamed Mousa Head of Geophysics Department
I
Acknowledgments
After thanks to Allah, I would like to thank my direct supervisor
Prof. Dr. Said Abdel- Maaboud Aly, professor of Geophysics, Faculty of
Science, Ain Shams University, for his guidance and his effort
I deeply thank Dr. Azza Mahmoud Abd El-Latif El-Rawy,
Lecturer of Geophysics, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, for
sharing with the idea of this study, her effort and leading comments in this
work and reviewing the write up.
Also I deeply thank Mr. Maged Mohamed Fahim, Senior
Geophysist, BP Egypt, for his effort, and his experience and insightful
comments greatly improved the quality of my work.
I would like also to thank BP-Egypt for providing the data and I
deeply thank everyone that helped me to finish my work.
Finally I dedicated this work to my family and I actually thank them
for their patience, support and encouragement.
II
Abstract
Nile Delta is a complex and difficult province for hydrocarbon
exploration, the Pliocene channel prospect is located in the North Alexandria
Block B concession and is a complex, elongated, highly sinuous, deeply
incised, mature Pliocene turbidite channel system that extends 15 Km across
the West Nile Delta. The study area is affected by three main fault trends and
the main sand reservoir is Kafr Elsheik Formation.
3D traditional seismic interpretation was done for identification of the
channel top and base and studying the lateral distribution of the channel. The
Pliocene channel prospect is a complex, elongated, highly sinuous, deeply
incised that extends from NW to SE and it is split into three segments by
NE-SW and E-W faults.
Then, the channel was evaluated by studying the channel
petrophysical parameters to get the net to gross value (NTG) of the reservoir
and getting the value of the GIIP and recoverable resources of the interested
reservoir. X1 Well consists of three pay zones from four sand packages
while X2 Well that consists of one sand package. The GIIP value equal
2.1462*1010 (SCF), and the Recoverable Resources
equal 15.0234*109(SCF). Channel modeling was done to identify the channel and its internal
geometry by using different techniques of attributes such as amplitude
extraction, coherence, spectral decomposition technique and Direct
Hydrocarbon Indicators such as bright, dim and flat spot are clarified within
the channel by the analysis where the north well is brighter than the south
well and the two wells have gas water contact (flat spot) and the dimming
problem within the channel is solved by the modeling.
Amplitude versus offset technique was used to evaluate the Pliocene
channel to get the class type using Rutherford and Wiliam‘s classification
that is class 3 increasing of the amplitude with the offset in the negative
direction and by using EEI technique that discriminate between the lithology
and the fluid where the fluid angle equal 45° and the lithology is
90°. The results of using Extended Elastic Impendence (EEI) technique
showed that EEI is worthy effort to highlight the difference between reservoir
and non-reservoir to identify hydrocarbon area.
List of Contents
Acknowledgments ……………………………………………....I
Abstract……………………………………………………........II
List of Contents………………………………………………..III
List of Tables……………………………………………..…...VII
List of Figures………………………….................................VIII
Chapter one: Introduction……………………….………..…....1 1.1 Location of the Study Area……………………………………………....1 1.2 Aim of Study………………………………………………............……..2
1.3 Available Data…………………………………………………………...3
1.4 Methodology and Techniques ………………………………………..…4
2.6.2.2 Canyon and channel-fill sandstones…………………….………44
2.6.2.3 Levee deposits ……………………………………………...…..49
2.6.3 Architectural Hierarchy and Anatomy of Submarine Slope Channel
Complex…………………………………………………………..51
Chapter Three: 3D Seismic Interpretation for Delineation the Pliocene Channel Complex………....55 3.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………..55 3.2 Available Data………………………………………………...………..56
3.2.1 Seismic Data…………………………………………...……….…..56
3.2.1.1 Acquisition Parameters for MAZ Seismic Surveys…………....58
3.2.1.2 Processing Parameters for MAZ Seismic Survey…………..….59
3.3 Data Quality Control (Data Conditioning)……………………………..60 3.3.1 Phase and Polarity of Seismic Data…………………………..……60