Research Manual 07062013

8/13/2019 Research Manual 07062013

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IQRA UNIVERSITY

Research Student Information Manual

A thesis is evidence of an individual's ability to conceptualize and carry out

research as well as to communicate the results of that research in a coherent document.

The research should address an important problem of manageable scope in the chosen

field of study and it should make a significant contribution to the profession's theory or

practices. Most commonly, the research work builds on previous research findings and

involves the collection, analysis, and interpretation of new data.

A thesis is not merely the effort of one scholar working in isolation. Research

candidates benefit greatly from the input and support of faculty members, supervisor, and

administrators. The thesis committee and others can offer important advice to the

research candidate in areas such as the research design, data collection procedures, and

analysis of data. ltimately, however, the student remains responsible for the integrity of

the research.

!efore beginning the thesis process, a research candidate should become familiar

with thesis previously published in the specific field of study. This will help provide the

student with an impression of the format and style of accepted thesis. "owever, the

format of that thesis may differ in many particulars from the standards set forth in this

Manual. #n these instances, the re$uirements detailed here should be regarded as the

appropriate style.

#$ra niversity is committed to the preservation and dissemination of the research

contributions of its students. Most of the re$uirements outlined in this thesis manual are

established with that commitment in mind. This thesis manual outlines procedures that

are designed to make preparation as efficient as possible. The procedures are described

below to avoid costly and time%consuming revisions in format.


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Format Requirements

A typical thesis is made up of three main parts %

&reliminaries

Tet (upplementaries.

&hase%# )*omprehensive &roposal+ should be comprised of first three chapters.

ach part may be organized as shown below-

Preliminary Pages

/lyleaf

Title page

Approval sheet

Abstract

Acknowledgments

0edication

Table of *ontents

1ist of Tables

1ist of /igures

1ist of (ymbols )optional+

Text

Main body of the Thesis

The main tet contains the following chapters-

Ch 1) Introduction

#t includes the following parts-

!ackground

&roblem #dentification

&roblem statement

Research 2uestion

Rationale of the study


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3b4ectives of the study

(cope of (tudy

0efinition of the terms

Ch 2) Literature Review and Research Model

1ast three to five years relevant research studies5literature reviews have been

thoroughly studied.

*ritics based on recent literature5 imperially data5 practices have been developed.

!ased on critics and unstructured interviews the gap has been indentified.

*omprehensive conceptualization of model5empirical5empirical gap andhypotheses development have been done.

6oice of the researcher has been included in support with given references.

The marketable value of the research has been ensured.

Ch 3) Method

#t includes the following headings-

#n case of &rimary data

Research design

&opulation and sample

(ampling design

Measurement

0ata collection procedure

0ata analysis techni$ues

&ilot study )which includes /A, */A and Reliability analysis+

(ample 5 data

#n case of (econdary data

0ata sources

0ata collection procedure

0ata analysis techni$ues


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Ch ) Results and !iscussion

Ch") Conclusion and Recommendations

*onclusion

/uture research5practices Recommendations

1imitations of study

&ractical5Managerial #mplications

#u$$lementaries

References or bibliography

Appendices )optional+

Procedural Requirements

7. The candidate should propose supervisor to discuss possible research area by

choosing the name of the supervisor from the list of supervisors approved by the

#$ra Research *entre, #2RA niversity.

8. (tudent should get approval of his 5 her supervisor appointment from the 0irector

of #$ra Research *entre by filling and getting signature on thesis commencementform from centre.

9. After getting supervisor approved by the 0irector of #$ra Research *entre, the

student should arrange time to meet the supervisor to discuss the possible research

area.

:. After the initial discussion with the supervisor, the candidate should prepare a

brief research plan. 3ne month after allocation of supervisor, the student must

submit at least 9 pages research plan duly signed by supervisor at #$ra Research

*entre. The research plan should comprise of the following parts- %

a+ Research Area

b+ Motivation for research

c+ #mportance of proposed work

d+ Market value of research

e+ *ontribution to society5industry


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;. After getting approval from #$ra research *entre, student should start research

under the supervision of his5her supervisor. (tudent has to submit the &%7 duly

signed by the supervisor within net three months.

. After the successfully defending &%7 students should start &%8 under same

supervisor. All students should complete their &%8 in net four months5semester.

?. The main body of thesis comprises of five chapters.

a+ #ntroduction

b+ 1iterature Review

c+ Methodology

d+ Results and 0iscussion

e+ *onclusion and Recommendations

7@. After the completion of thesis, student has to submit three spiral bound copies of

complete thesis with the approval certificate of his5her supervisor at #$ra Research

*entre for final defense within due date. (tudents should also submit complete

research paper etracted from the thesis.

77. (tudents may be asked to produce the material cited in the thesis.

78. The supervisor may check the plagiarism5similarity by the means of turnitin

software. (upervisor is allowed to produce maimum two plagiarism5similarity

reports and save. #$ra research centre will also check and confirm

similarity5plagiarism. Maimum 8@ similarity is allowed.

79. (tudent has to defend his5her thesis before the eamination committee that

comprises of four members i.e.

#nternal eaminer

ternal eaminer

0irector Research

Research *oordinator


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7:. The supervisor of the student must be present in the defense.

15. After defending the thesis, the student has to incorporate all the

corrections given by the eaminers during the final defense and submit

compliance report on a specific format duly signed by the supervisor at

#$ra Research *entre. )(ee compliance report in the aendi! "+.

7


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Preliminary Pages

These pages are numbered with lower case Roman numerals at the bottom.

%lylea&

ach thesis should have a flyleaf )a blank sheet with no page number assigned+ at

the beginning and the end of the thesis.

Title Page

#t includes,

Title- #t summarizes the main idea of the paper. #t should be a concise statement

of the main topic and should identify the actual variables. A title should be fully

eplanatory when standing alone. #ts principal function is to inform readers about

the study.

(uthors name *+yline): The preferred form of an authorBs name is first

name, middle and last name. This form reduces the likelihood of mistaken

identity.

Institutional a&&iliation, The affiliation identifies the location where the

author or authors conducted the investigation, which is usually an institution.

The date shown must be the term and year of graduation in which the student is

officially graduating. Title must be the same on title page, approval sheet, and

abstract. Titles should be concise and descriptive. To facilitate indeing, titles

should be indicative of the contents. Avoid use of phrases such as CA (tudy of,C

Cffect of,C C1aboratory (tudy of,C etc. Abbreviations in titles are discouraged.

"owever, recognized acronyms in the field may be appropriate.


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($$roval #heet

A number is awarded to this page but it should not be printed on the page.

3riginal signatures )in ink+ must appear on hardbound copy of the thesis. The

signatures of following are re$uired on approval sheet of the thesis.

(upervisor

ternal

#nternal

0irector Research

0ean ##*

(+stract

An abstract is a brief, comprehensive summary of the contents of the thesis. #t

allows readers to survey the contents of a research $uickly. #t enables abstracting

and information services to inde and retrieve articles. A good abstract is

(ccurate,nsure that the abstract correctly reflects the purpose and content of

the manuscript.

#el&-contained%0efine all abbreviations and acronyms. 0efine uni$ue terms.

&araphrase rather than $uote. #t includes names of authors and dates of

publication in citations of other publications.

Concise and s$eci&ic% Make each sentence maimally informative, especially

the lead sentence. !e as brief as possible. !egin the abstract with the most

important information.

.on-evaluative, Report rather than evaluate. 0o not add to or comment on

what is in the body of the manuscript.


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Coherent and reada+le% Drite in clear and vigorous prose. se verbs rather than

their noun e$uivalents and the active rather than passive voice. se the present tense to

describe results with continuing applicability or conclusions drawn. se the past tense to

describe specific variable manipulated or tests applied. se the third person rather than

the first person. Avoid sentences and phrases that contain no real information.

Abstract should contain the following information- %

&urposiveness

Method

*onclusion5Ma4or /indings

The first page of the abstract is always numbered with small Roman numeral i.e. iii.

A sample abstract is shown in aendi! A.

Pa$er Re/uirement

(tandard%sized A: paper )>758E 77 inch+ of ?@ grams must be used to prepare the

final copy of the thesis. Tet must be printed on one side of the paper. All pages

of the manuscript must be the same size. 0o not use half sheets or strips of paper

glued, taped, or stapled to the pages.

Language

Thesis must be written in nglish.

Ty$e&ace

78%pt Times Ne& Roman- #t is the standard font for thesis.


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3nly 78%pt Times Ne& Romantypeface must be used throughout the thesis. All tet,

page numbers, table numbers, figure numbers, captions, and references must be in the

same typeface. /or general tet, the font size should be 78 points. )(ee Aendi! '+

Line #$acing *20)

#t means leaving 8.@ lines blank between each line of type on the page. /or most

word%processing software, this means setting the line spacing to ()* lines)

(ingle (pacing- !ibliography or list of reference entries, table and figure captions,

and data within large tables are to be single %spaced. 1engthy descriptions in the

appendi may also be single %spaced. 2uoted material of more than three

typewritten lines is indented and single %spaced. 2uoted material, which is three,

lines or fewer may be single %spaced for emphasis.

Text

The tet pages, from beginning to end, are numbered with Arabic numerals.

#tyle o& %ont

&roduce an accurate, clear, clean copy that will reproduce well. The 78%pt Times

Ne& Roman style of type should be used throughout the thesis.

&rint styles that are similar to standard typefaces are preferred. #talic type may be

used for foreign words, citation of titles, and special emphasis.

Margins

Re$uirement )minimum+- TopF7CG bottom%7CG leftF7CG rightF7C and @.; gutter.

Hutter helps for proper thesis binding.


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The top margin of the first page of the preliminaries, chapters, appendices and

bibliographies is 8 inches. Margin sets for the different word processing systems

will vary. The right margin may be violated occasionally by one space and the

bottom margin by one line. Always continue the tet to the bottom margin ecept

at the end of a chapter. DARI#IH- &hoto reproduction results in a slight

enlargement, therefore margins should be strictly observed on the original. The

bottom and right margin must never be less than J inch on reproduced copies.

These same margins are to be observed for tables, illustrative materials,

bibliographies, and appendices as well as in the tet. /olded pages are not allowed

in the tet as they may be damaged when the thesis is trimmed. Right 4ustification

is acceptable if the printer does it properly, i.e., does not separate punctuation

from characters and does not leave large gaps in the tet.

#$ace +etween ords

se one space between words and sentences.

Page .um+ering

ach page of the thesis must be assigned a number. &reliminary pages are

numbered at the bottom with lower case Roman numerals. &reliminary page

number i.e. # is assigned to, but not printed on, the title page.

The main tet, typically starting with *hapter #, is numbered with Arabic

numerals. !egin each chapter on a new page. /irst pages of introduction orsections, appendices, and bibliographies are either left unnumbered )though a

number is always assigned+ or numbered at the bottom. All other tet pages may

have numbers placed either top or bottom, and either centered on the tet or

aligned at the right margin of the tet. Most word processing programs will do

this automatically and, generally, the automatic placement will be acceptable as

long as the following criteria are met. Tet should never fall outside the margins

as specified in this manual. &age numbers may be inside or outside the top or

bottom margins, but never less than 758 inch from the edge of the page. #f inside


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the margin, the number should not be more than one line below the top margin or

above the bottom margin. There should never be less than one blank line between

the first or last tet line and the page number. (tamped page numbers are

discouraged.

Pages Limit

Iumber of pages of Thesis must be minimum =@ )ecluding references+, with

re$uired font and format.

eadings and #u+headings

se level ; for chapter headings, and 1evels 7%: )if needed+ for headings within

chapters.

"eading font size )7:pt+.+old.

"eading 1evel ;

*ITR0 &&R*A( "A0#IH

"eading 1evel 7

*entered ppercase and 1owercase "eading

"eading 1evel 8

Centered, Italicized, Uppercase and Lowercase Heading

"eading 1evel 9

Flush Left, Italicized, Uppercase and Lowercase

"eading 1evel :

Indented, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading


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ach chapter is started on a new page. "eadings for all preliminary pages must be

centered and in uppercase. )(ee aendi! ++

Text (lignment

Kustified tet is recommended.

Paragra$hs

Dhen it is necessary to divide a paragraph at the end of a page, at least two lines

should appear at the bottom of the page and two at the top of the following page.

4ndnotes

#f endnotes are used, they may be placed in the supplementary at the end of thesis.

Drite the endnotes under the heading of LendnoteC.

Ta+les and %igures

Tables and figures should follow immediately after first mention in the tet or on

the net page. #f they are placed on the net page, continue the tet to the bottom

of the preceding page. 0o not leave a space )gap+ on the page where the table or

figure was first mentioned.

/igures must look professional. "and lettering is unacceptable unless eecuted by

a professional draftsperson. Any diagram, graph, chart, map, photograph, or other

type of illustration must be presented in the thesis as a figure.

5roadside Ta+les and %igures

#n order to fit large tables or figures on a page, it is sometimes necessary to place

them broadside. The binding margin for such a table or figure must be 7 758


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inches and all other margins must be 7 inch. The top margin and page number

location must be the same as on a regular page.

.um+ering 6& Ta+les and %igures

Iumbering of tables and figures should be consecutive throughout the entire

thesis or within each chapter, including those in the appendi. #f the tables and

figures are to be numbered consecutively within each chapter, the chapter number

should appear along with the table or figure number )e.g., 7.7, 7.8 )for *hapter 7+G

8.7, 8.8 )for *hapter 8++ )(ee aendi! ,+. The number and title of a table should

be placed above the table. Tables and figures are numbered separately.

Com$uter 6ut$ut

*omputer output, including pen plotting and screen plotting, is acceptable

provided the material is dark, clear, readable copy transferred to acceptable paper.

#f the material is tabular, room must be left at the top for the table number,

caption, appropriate lines, and columnar headings unless the entire table is to be

printed by the computer printout machine.

#u$$lementaries

Re&erences or 5i+liogra$hy

The style for references should follow the format given on net page. The style

used must be consistent throughout the thesis. There are many good sources that

may be consulted for certain fields or to solve special problems. Advisers and

committee members usually have ecellent references to suggest.


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($$endices

2uality and format should be consistent with re$uirements for other parts of the

thesis including margins and reproduction. *omputer printout must conform to

margins. Reductions must be clear and readable. Appendices may be treated in a

fashion parallel to that of chapters. That is, the first page of an appendi would

have a one inch top margin and begin with a title % e.g., CAppendi #,C CAppendi-

0iagrams.C Alternatively, an appendi may be introduced with a cover page

bearing only the title. The content of the appendi then begins on the second page

with the standard one inch margin.

Citation

!ook

)3ne author+

Reference%

omisar, 1. )7??7+. The new feminism.Iew Nork- /ranklin Datts.

In-Te!t%

)omisar, 7??7+

!ook

)Two to more authors+

Reference%

(trunk, D., Kr. O Dhite, .!. )7?=?+. The elements of style )9rd ed.+. Iew

Nork-Macmillan.

In-Te!t% .t&o authors/%

)(trunk O Dhite, 7?=?+

In-Te!t .three or more authors/%

)(trunk, Dhite, O (mith, 7?=?+

In-Te!t .su$sequent references/%

)(trunk et al., 7?=?+


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!ook *hapter

Reference

Roll, D.&. )7?=8+. *ategorization effects which occur in comparative 4udgment tasks.

!emory " Cognition, 7@ )9+, 8;8%88+

Kournal Article

)Two or more authors+


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Reference%

Atkinson, R.*., O (hiffrin, R.M. )7?=7+. The control of short%term memory. #cientific

$merican, 88;, >8%?@.

In-Te!t .t&o authors/%

)Atkinson O (hiffrin, 7?=7+

In-Te!t .three to fi0e authors/%

)(mith, Pappella, Rosen, Hustman, O Rock, 7??:+

In-Te!t .si! or more authors/%

)(mith et al., 7??:+


)(mith et al., 7??:+

In-Te!t .su$sequent references in the same ara#rah/%

)(mith et al.+

Magazine Article

)3ne author+

Reference%

andel, . R. )8@@@, Iovember 7@+. Ieuroscience- !reaking down scientific barriers to

the study of brain and mind. #cience, %&', 7779%778@.

In-Te!t%

)andel, 8@@@+

Magazine Article

)Io author+

Reference%

The blood business. )7??8, (eptember 77+. Time, &(, :=%:>.

In-Te!t%

)CThe !lood !usiness,C 7??8+


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Iewspaper Article

)Io author+

Reference%

Amazing Amazon region. )7?>?, Kanuary 78+.)ew *or+ Times, p. 077.

In-Te!t%

)CAmazing Amazon Region,C 7?>?+

ducational Resources #nformation *enter report

)R#*+

Reference%

Mead, K.6. )7??8+. Loo+ing at old photographs: Inestigating the teacher tales that

noice teachers -ring with them )Report Io. I*RT1%RR%?8%:+. ast 1ansing, M#-

Iational *enter for Research on Teacher 1earning. )R#* 0ocument Reproduction

(ervice Io. 0. 9:8+.

In-Te!t%

)Mead, 7??8+ducational Resources #nformation *enter report

)from/#u-scri-e+

Reference%

Mead, K.6. )7??8+. Loo+ing at old photographs: Inestigating the teacher tales that

noice teachers -ring with them )Report Io. I*RT1%RR%?8%:+. ast 1ansing,

M#-Iational *enter for Research on Teacher 1earning. Retrieved 3ct. 89, 8@@7 from %

(ubscribe database.

In-Te!t%

)Mead, 7??8+


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(pecific #nternet 0ocument

Reference%

lectronic reference formats recommended -y the $merican sychological $ssociation.

)8@@@, 3ctober 78+. Retrieved Kanuary9,8@@7 from

http-55www.apa.org54ournals54webref.html

In-Te!t%

)American &sychological Association QA&A, 8@@@+


)A&A, 8@@@+

lectronic Article

)Kournal Article found in a database+

Reference% Kacobson, K.D., Mulick, K.A., O (chwartz, A.A. )7??;+. A history of

facilitated communication- (cience, pseudoscience, and antiscience. $merican

sychologist,0', =;@%=


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lectronic Article

)/ormat modified from print version+

Reference%

6anden, H., napp, (., O 0oe, K. )8@@7+. Role of reference elements in the selection of

resources by psychology undergraduates.1ournal of 2i-liographic 3esearch, 0, 77=%789.

Retrieved 3ctober 79, 8@@7, from http-554br.org5articles.html

In-Te!t%

)6anden et al., 8@@7+

3ther lectronic or #nternet Resources

Refer to-lectronic 3eference Formats 3ecommended -y the $merican sychological

$ssociation

http-55www.apastyle.org5elecref.html

Thesis Su$mission Requirements

3ne soft copy of thesis on *0 is to be submitted in the #$ra Research *entre. The

sample of title page of the hardbound copy is attached in aendi! F.

Colour 6& ard 5ound Co$y

The golden colour of tet is recommended on the black colour background of

hardbound copy of thesis.

#$ine

Iame of student

Title of the research pro4ect

Near )(ee aendi! 1+
http://www.apastyle.org/elecref.htmlhttp://www.apastyle.org/elecref.html


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A+STRA,T

#n an etension of research demonstrating causal effects of intercessory prayer fo

physical healing in a medical setting, the present study eperimentally eamined the effects o

intercessory prayer for improved task performance in an employment setting. Trained custome

service representatives either did, or did not, receive )over a 7:%day period+ daily intercessor

prayer for the specific needs and challenges of their workplace. (peed of call handling wa

evaluated for each customer service representative. The specific dependent measures wer

number of calls per hour and number of seconds per call. Io statistically significant difference

between prayer and non%prayer groups were found for either calls per hour or seconds per cal

Recommendations for research in this new area of study center on methodological issue

including the selection of relevant dependent measures.

Appendix A


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iii

RESESR,' 23URNA4 .4EVE4 5/.,'APTER 'EA"IN1/

A$out The 2ournal.le0el 6/

(+out The 7ournal*level 2)

(+out The 7ournal*level 3)

a+out the 8ournal*level )

a+out the 8ournal*level 9)

"IFFERENT 4EVE4S 3F 'EA"IN1

Appendix B


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4IST 3F TA+4E

TA+4E NUM+ER 7 'EA"IN1 PA1E N3

9.7 6ariable 1oading and /actor Relative 1oadingSSSSSSSS 8;

9.7 0eterminants of /inancial management &racticesSSSSSS 8?

9.9 Reliability of Measurements #nstrument SSSSSSSSSS 99:.7 /re$uency 0istribution and 0escriptive (tatistics with respect to

L*ompany Revenues5(ales and ependiture for the

Near 8@@>%8@@? )IU;9+SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS 9:.: /re$uency 0istribution and 0escriptive statistics with respect to

Lse of alternative source of financing )IU;9+SSSSSSSS 9?

:.; /re$uency 0istribution and 0escriptive statistics with respect toL0ividend &olicy )Target &ayout Ratio+ )IU;9+SSSSSSSS :@

:.< /re$uency 0istribution and 0escriptive statistics with respect to

LMa4or 0eterminants of *orporate 0ividend &olicy )IU;9+SSS :7

:.= /re$uency 0istribution and 0escriptive statistics with respect toL0ividend policy as a means of #nformation (ignaling )IU;9+SS :8

:.> /re$uency 0istribution and 0escriptive statistics with respect toL#nvestment Appraisal Techni$ues )IU;9+SSSSSS..SS :9:.? /re$uency 0istribution and 0escriptive statistics with respect to

L*ontribution of #nvestment &ro4ects to the Aspects of &erformance)IU;9+ ::

:.7@ /re$uency 0istribution and 0escriptive statistics with respect toL*onstraints on *apital #nvestment )IU;9+SSSSSS..SSS :;

:.77 /re$uency 0istribution and 0escriptive statistics with respect to

LDorking *apital &olicy )IU;9+SSSSSSSSSS..SSS :

Appendix C


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Table (ample

Table :.


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Ms Research Thesis "efense ,omliance Reort

Toic Title

,andidate Name% Pro#ram%,andidate I"% "eartment%Management

(ciences

Suer0isor% Institute% #$ra niversity,#slamabad

"efense ,onducted 3n% "ate%

S

.

N

o

.

Improvements suggested Comments/Status

Verification

1

2

3

#t is verified that Student NameM( (cholar )Management (ciences 0epartment, #$ra

niversity #slamabad+ has made the necessary changes in his research proposal as

suggested by internal and eternal evaluators of his5her research proposal.

Student Si#nature Suer0isor Si#nature

Research "irector Si#nature Research ,oordinator

Si#nature

Appendix


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"eartment 3f Mana#ement Sciences

Thesis Aro0al Sheet

Vi0a-Voce E!amination0ate-

Title of Research%Student Name%

Re#istration No

The evaluation 4ury hereby approves this thesis in partial fulfilment of the re$uirements

for the degree of Master of (ciences in Management (ciences.

, Thesis $disor

,Internal 4aminer

,4ternal 4aminer

0r. ashif ur Rehman,5irector 3esearch

0r. Muhammad #slam,5ean65irector IUIC

0ate-

0ate-

0ate-

0ate-

0ate-

Appendix E


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27

NAME OF THE STUDENT

ENROLLMENT NUMBER

M3I3HRAM

3/ #2RA

I#6R(#TN

A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the re$uirements for the

degree of Master of (ciences )Mgt+

Department of Management Sciences

#2RA niversity #slamabad

8@79

TITLE OF THESIS

Appendix F

(Registration No.


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2!

NAME 3F T'E STU"ENT Area ,4ASS YEAR

SPINE

Appendix G


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SAMP4E

TA+4E 3F ,3NTENTS

Aro0al Sheet%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ##

A$stract %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ### "eclaration Form %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 6

"edication %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 6#

Ac8no&led#ement%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 6##

,'APTERS

6) INTR3"U,TI3N ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- *6

7.7 !ackground%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% @7

7.8 &roblem #dentification %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% @:

7.: &roblem (tatement %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% @;

7.; Rationale of (tudy %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% @


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Te!t

han )7??:+ found that although there was a reduction in insulin dosage over a period of

two weeks in the treatment condition compared to the control condition, the difference was not

statistically significant.

Although !yrd's )7?>>+ study provides some evidence of a causal effect of prayer on

medical outcomes, there have been no comparable studies eamining the potential causal effects

of prayer outside a medical setting. 3ne important setting in which to study prayer is the

workplace, where prayer may address issues such as potential interpersonal conflict and the

pressures inherent in most workplaces )such as deadlines and performance evaluations+. Theworkplace clearly represents an untapped area for research into the possible causal effects of

intercessory prayer.

The specific purpose of the present study was to utilize the double%blind methodology of

!yrd's )7?>>+ study on health outcomes to evaluate the Ldistance effects )0ossey, 7??=G (chlitz,

7??=+ of intercessory prayer )prayer without the individualBs presence or awareness+ on

occupational task performance. #n a health care customer service call center, will individuals

receiving prayer evidence different levels of task performance )number of calls answered per

hour and number of seconds per call+ compared to individuals who are not receiving prayerV

Research Manual 07062013

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