Research Design Module 3

300 LEVEL ACCOUNTING DEPARTMENT

UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS.

MODULE 3

JUNE 2010

ACC 323

GROUP

6PRESEN

TS

RESEARCH DESIGN

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OBJECTIVES

Upon completion of this module, you should be able to:

• Define the concept of research design

• Identify the various types of research design

• List the characteristics of the type of design

• Determine the factors affecting internal and external validity of experimental research design.

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• Introduction to research• Purpose of research in accounting • Definition of design• Overview of research design• Types of research design: Exploratory designConclusive design• Descriptive design• Cross-sectional design• Longitudinal design• Causal design• Validity of experimental design• Factors affecting internal validity

OUTLINE

INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCHVarious writers have defined research to suit the circumstances it is used.Literally research means to

‘search for’Research is a quest for new knowledgeIt is a systematic investigation of a particular phenomenonIt involves :•Finding out the problem •Collecting Data•Analyzing Data•Drawing Conclusion  

PURPOSE OF RESEARCH IN ACCOUNTING

Accounting wasn’t conceptualized in times past. It focused on just presenting and preparation of information.

Stakeholders became interested in historical facts and figures of profit on investments and revenue generated

Accountants had to commence embarking of research, thus financial accounting emphasizes on publishing past records as far back as five years for shareholders .

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DEFINITION OF RESEARCH DESIGNA research design is a blueprint or scheme that is used by the researcher for specific structure and strategy in investigating the relationship that exists among variables of the study so as to enable him or her (the researcher) collect the data, which will be used for the study.

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OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH DESIGNA design is a plan produced to show the look and function of something before it is built

A research design is a scheme that guides the researcher on how to go about his investigation

The researcher’s level of mastery of his study would determine the type of research design he would use

The steps carried out by him would be to: 1.plan the investigation 2. analyze the data to obtain the desired result

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TYPES OF RESEARCH DESIGN

RESEARCH DESIGN

CONCLUSIVE RESEARCH DESIGN

DESCRIPTIVE

RESEARCH

CROSS SECTIONAL

DESIGN

LONGITUDINAL DESIGN

CAUSAL RESEAR

CH

EXPLORATORY RESEARCH DESIGN

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EXPLORATORY DESIGN

exploratory design which was coined from the word ‘explore’ means to investigate or discuss in details

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exploratory research

studies would not try to acquire a

representative sample but rather seek to

interview those who are knowledgeable and might be able to provide insight

concerning the

relationship between variables.

An exploratory design is very flexible. It is not limited to a particular style.

CONCLUSIVE DESIGN

The word conclusive means to prove something is true or ending uncertaintyThere are two types of conclusive design:Descriptive designCausal design

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DESCRIPTIVE DESIGN

It describes market functions or characteristics

As a type of conclusive design it is rigid

The design must meet the following specification:If we are applying it to market or business

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DESCRIPTIVE DESIGN

What- Information should be obtained

Who- is a patron of our product

Why- are we making the research

When- should we get information from respondents

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There are two types of descriptive design: The types of Descriptive design are:

CROSS-SECTIONAL DESIGN

LONGITUDINAL DESIGN

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CROSS-SECTIONAL DESIGN

It is the most common type of research.

It involves taking a survey of a sample population at a particular point in time

The most popular type of this is cohort design

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LONGITUDINAL DESIGN

It carries out investigation through repeated measures over a period of time

There are not necessarily good representatives of population

It monitors human behavior over a period of time

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CAUSAL DESIGN

It finds the cause and effect relationship between variables

The goals of causal could be accomplished through laboratory and field experiment

It could be applicable in the following market scenarios Market testing or test marketing- has to do with

launching a new product, setting groups of the population would test the product

Advertising Response- How people respond to adverts placed

Promotional design Store layout design

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CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD RESEARCH DESIGN.

The main use of a research design is in variance control

A good research design should be able to produce data to answer research design questions and test hypothesis.

It must also be able to control intervening or extraneous variables which may influence the dependent variable of the study.

A good research design to be able to maintain both internal and external validity. Validity is the ability to measure what is supposed to be measured.

A good research design must have appropriate order of procedure of observation. Thus the research design must be well organized and data must be orderly imputed.

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WHAT IS VALIDITY?

Validity is the ability to measure what is to be measured.

It can also be define as the extent to which elements in and experimental design vary

It involves aspects of designs ranging from formulating problems, to the question, to

types of instruments used and types of statistical

data.

TYPES OF VALIDITY

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There are two types of validity of design

INTERNAL VALIDITY

EXTERNAL VALIDITY

INTERNAL VALIDITY

They are factors that determine how quantifiable variables affect one another

It involves the performance of observers and instruments used.

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FACTORS AFFECTING INTERNAL VALIDITY Factors that affect internal validity as

revealed by Best and Khan include the following:

o Testingo Maturationo Historyo Instrumentationo Biasness in selectiono Statistical Regressiono Experimental Mortalityo Experimental biasnesso Interaction of Selection and Maturity

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EXTERNAL VALIDITY

It is the extent to which the variable relationship can be generalized

It asks questions of generalization such as to what population setting

The factors affecting external validity include;

The extent of treatment verification The interaction effect of testing The interaction of selection and

treatment The artificiality of the experimental

setting

REFERENCES

Asika, N. (1991), Research Methodology in Behavioural Sciences, Lagos: Longman Nigeria PLC.

Fagbohungbe, O.B.(1993), Research Methodology for Nigeria Tertiary Institution, Lagos: Kole Consult.

Types of Research Designs, College of Administrative Science, UAH from: http://www.uah.edu/library.

Joseph F. Hair, Robert P. Bush, David J. (2000), Marketing Research: A practical Approach for the new millennium, New York: McGraw Hill/Irwin

ICAN (2006) Business Communication and Research Methodology Study Pack, Lagos: VI Publishers.

GROUP MEMBERS

ADELE A. ADEWALE

ADISA OLUBUKOLA

AKINOLA OPEYEMI A.

BABSKAREEM YEWANDE RUKAYAT

COKER-LONGE AKINYEMI

IBIDAPO DEBORAH IKEOLUWA

MOHAMMED ADIJAT

OGUNJEMILUA BUSOLA

OLADOKUN AYODEJI OLUFEMI

ONI PRISCILLIA FUNMILAYO

SALAKO OLUWASEUN JONAH

UDDIN OMOYEMEN BLESSING

ADENUGA ALEX BIODUN

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