Renewables Future and Technologies Prof. Gady Golan SEEEI2012 EILAT 14-17 Nov. 2012.

Renewables Future and Technologies

Prof. Gady Golan

SEEEI2012 EILAT 14-17 Nov. 2012

Fossil Fuels Usage

SEEEI2012 EILAT 14-17 Nov. 2012

Fossil Fuels- Greenhouse Effect

Percentage of global

Annual CO2Emissions in thousands

if metric tons

Country

100% 28,431,741 World

21.5% 6,103,493 China

20.2% 5,752,289 United states

13.8% 3,914,359 European Union

0.3% 70,440 Israel

Burning fossil fuels releases CO2 that was previously in the atmosphere (it does not create carbon)

SEEEI2012 EILAT 14-17 Nov. 2012

Greenhouse Effect

SEEEI2012 EILAT 14-17 Nov. 2012

Hubbert Peak (1956)

* Named after the late Geophysicist Dr. M. King Hubbert

*The Hubbert peak theory is based on the observation that the amount of oil under the ground in any region is finite, therefore the rate of discovery which initially increases quickly must reach a maximum and decline.

SEEEI2012 EILAT 14-17 Nov. 2012

• Proven world natural gas reserves (2004) ,179.5 trillion m3 ;• Reserve to Production Ratio in 2004 ~ 67 years.• Production of natural gas has been rising at an average rate

of 2.5% over the past 4 years.• At 2.5% increase - proven reserves will finish in less than 40

years.

Natural Gas

SEEEI2012 EILAT 14-17 Nov. 2012

Consumption

Even based on a low estimate of 2% average annual growth - the primary energy demand would • Double by 2040 ;• Triple by 2060 ;

SEEEI2012 EILAT 14-17 Nov. 2012

Main Renewable Energy Sources

– Hydro Energy– Wind Energy– Solar Energy– Biomass Energy– Tidal Energy– Geothermal Energy– Wave Energy– Bio-fuel

It will probably have to provide about 50% of the energy by 2050 ;SEEEI2012 EILAT 14-17 Nov. 2012

The Future Due to Renewables

• Distributed generation- requires different management ;

• Different concepts such as: Microgrids, DC bus, local and general controls ;

• Improved PV devices ;• Improved electronics for PV and wind turbines ;• Storage - renewables are not fixed and unstable ;

SEEEI2012 EILAT 14-17 Nov. 2012

DG-Microgrid concept

SEEEI2012 EILAT 14-17 Nov. 2012

Why domestic DC Bus

• Most electrical appliances require DC current- Computer, TV, Heating, lighting even air-conditioners can work on DC- namely extra inversion, lower efficiency ;

• Washing machines, dryers, refrigerators etc. consume only 30-50% of the total energy ;

• Photovoltaic Energy is naturally DC- double inversion (DC-AC-DC)- even lower efficiency ;

SEEEI2012 EILAT 14-17 Nov. 2012

Combined DC and AC powered House

SEEEI2012 EILAT 14-17 Nov. 2012

Block Diagram of basic system

Bi Directional 1ph/3ph Inverter

Unidirectional1ph/3ph Inverter

1ph/3phLoad

Other Reneable

energy sources

GRIDDC BUS

Batteries

DCLoad

LOAD

THE SYSEM

GRID

RENEWABLE SOURCES AND OTHER POWER SIURCES

SEEEI2012 EILAT 14-17 Nov. 2012

DC Microgrids

SEEEI2012 EILAT 14-17 Nov. 2012

The Smart grid Control Scheme

Local domestic energy management control

Grid control

SEEEI2012 EILAT 14-17 Nov. 2012

Field application

Energy management controlSEEEI2012 EILAT 14-17 Nov. 2012

Storage

• Will help stabilizing the contribution of renewable energy ;

• As in PV storage prices will drop ;• A breakthrough is a necessity for Electric cars

as well as power systems ;• Technologies:

– Mechanical storage ;

– Electrical storage ;

– Thermal storage ;SEEEI2012 EILAT 14-17 Nov. 2012

Summery

• Conventional Energy will support us for many more years ;

• Renewables will penetrate more and more ;• Technologies will improve ;• New concepts must be considered ;• Stability , security and reliable supply must

be maintained ;

SEEEI2012 EILAT 14-17 Nov. 2012

SEEEI2012 EILAT 14-17 Nov. 2012