Relationships in Ecology. By Saskia.
Jan 19, 2016
Relationships in Ecology.
By Saskia.
Biological Community.
• All the interacting species living together in one habitat (also known as Biocoenosis).
• Example • A forest of trees that is
home to animals and other smaller plants, and is buried in damp soil that is home to bacteria and fungi.
Intra-specific Competition.
• Competition for resources between members of the same species.
• Example• Adult male lions
competing for mates in the same area as another male.
• Crabs fighting each other for food.
Intra-specific Cooperation.
• When individual organisms of the same species work together to help each other survive.
• Example• A flock of birds or a
school of fish help each other avoid enemies or look for resources.
Competition.
• When organisms that coexist in the same environment compete for resources.
• Example• A human and a
seagull fighting over some chips.
Browsing/Grazing.
• A herbivore constantly eating vegetation.
• Example • A cow wandering
around in a field eating grass.
Predation and Scavenging.
• Predation – Capturing prey.
• Scavenging – Feeding on dead or decaying matter.
• Example • A hyena eats dead or
decaying animals that have been caught by lionsand left behind
Commensalism.
• The relationship between two organisms where one organism is helped, and the other is not helped or harmed.
• Example• A barnacle living on the
bottom of a whale. The barnacle finds a place to live, and the whale is unaffected.
Mutualism
• The relationship between two species, where both the species benefit.
• Example• A hummingbird feeding
on the pollen of a flower. The hummingbird gets food, while the flowers pollen spreads and it is able to reproduce.
Parasitism
• The relationship between two species, where one species benefits, and the other species is affected badly.
• Ecto-parasitism – The parasite lives on the outside of it’s host.
• Endo-parasitism – The parasite lives on the inside of it’s host.
• Example• Ecto – A mosquito sucking
blood from a human.• Endo – A tapeworm living in a
dog’s gut.
Saphrophytism
• An organism that grows on, or gets nutrients from dead and decaying organisms.
• Example• Fungi growing on a forest
floor eating dead leaves and other organic matter.
Antibiosis
• The relationship between two species where the relationship is detrimental to at least one of them.
• Example• A plant produces
chemicals that is hazardous to the plants around it.