Characteristics of a healthy/mature ecosystem Relationships Parts Cycles Ecology.

Characteristics of a healthy/mature ecosystem

Relationships

Parts CyclesEcologyEcology

Word Definition Picture or example

Biotic factorsAbiotic factorsSpeciesPopulationCommunityEcosystemBiomeBiosphereHabitat NichePredationParasitismMutualismCommensalism

EcologyEcology

• The study of the relationship of living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem.

• The study of the relationship of living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem.

A healthy ecosystemA healthy ecosystem

• Biodiversity

• Population in check (right number of consumers and producers)

• Nutrient recycling high

• Biodiversity

• Population in check (right number of consumers and producers)

• Nutrient recycling high

Parts Parts

• Biotic factors• Abiotic factors• Species• Population• Community• Ecosystem• Biome• Biosphere• Habitat • Niche

• Biotic factors• Abiotic factors• Species• Population• Community• Ecosystem• Biome• Biosphere• Habitat • Niche

RelationshipsRelationships

• Predation

• Parasitism

• Mutualism

• Commensalism

• Predation

• Parasitism

• Mutualism

• Commensalism

Cycles Cycles

• Energy

• Nitrogen

• Carbon

• Phosphorus

• Water

• Succession

• Energy

• Nitrogen

• Carbon

• Phosphorus

• Water

• Succession

Other topicsOther topics

• Populations

• Biodiversity

• disturbances

• Populations

• Biodiversity

• disturbances

9

Organisms and Their Environme

nt

Organisms and Their Environme

nt

10

Habitat & NicheHabitat & NicheHabitat & NicheHabitat & Niche•HabitatHabitat is the is the place a plant or place a plant or animal lives inanimal lives in

•NicheNiche is the is the adaptations and adaptations and strategies strategies a a species uses in species uses in it’s environment.it’s environment.

•HabitatHabitat is the is the place a plant or place a plant or animal lives inanimal lives in

•NicheNiche is the is the adaptations and adaptations and strategies strategies a a species uses in species uses in it’s environment.it’s environment.

11

The Nonliving The Nonliving EnvironmentEnvironmentThe Nonliving The Nonliving EnvironmentEnvironment

• Abiotic factorsAbiotic factors- the - the nonliving parts nonliving parts of an of an organism’s organism’s environment.environment.

• Examples Examples include include air air currents, temperaturecurrents, temperature, , moisture, light, and soilmoisture, light, and soil..

• Abiotic factors affect an Abiotic factors affect an organism’s life.organism’s life.

• Abiotic factorsAbiotic factors- the - the nonliving parts nonliving parts of an of an organism’s organism’s environment.environment.

• Examples Examples include include air air currents, temperaturecurrents, temperature, , moisture, light, and soilmoisture, light, and soil..

• Abiotic factors affect an Abiotic factors affect an organism’s life.organism’s life.

12

The Living EnvironmentThe Living EnvironmentThe Living EnvironmentThe Living Environment

•Biotic factorsBiotic factors- all the - all the livingliving organismsorganisms that that inhabit an inhabit an environment.environment.

•All organisms depend All organisms depend on others directly or on others directly or indirectly for food, indirectly for food, shelter, reproduction, shelter, reproduction, or protection.or protection.

•Biotic factorsBiotic factors- all the - all the livingliving organismsorganisms that that inhabit an inhabit an environment.environment.

•All organisms depend All organisms depend on others directly or on others directly or indirectly for food, indirectly for food, shelter, reproduction, shelter, reproduction, or protection.or protection.

13

Abiotic or Biotic?Abiotic or Biotic?Abiotic or Biotic?Abiotic or Biotic?

AbioticAbiotic

14


BioticBiotic

15


AbioticAbiotic

16


BioticBiotic

17


AbioticAbiotic

18


BioticBiotic

19


AbioticAbiotic

20


BioticBiotic

21


AbioticAbiotic

22

Levels of Organization

Levels of Organization

23

What are the Simplest Levels?

What are the Simplest Levels?

•AtomAtom•MoleculeMolecule•OrganelleOrganelle•CellCell•TissueTissue•OrganOrgan•SystemSystem

•AtomAtom•MoleculeMolecule•OrganelleOrganelle•CellCell•TissueTissue•OrganOrgan•SystemSystem

Place the terms in order from the simplest to the most complex.

Niche

Habitat

25

11stst Level of Organization Level of Organization11stst Level of Organization Level of Organization•Organism/Organism/

Species:Species:An individual An individual living thing living thing that that is made of is made of cells, cells, uses energy, uses energy, reproduces, reproduces, responds, grows, responds, grows, and developsand develops

•Organism/Organism/Species:Species:An individual An individual living thing living thing that that is made of is made of cells, cells, uses energy, uses energy, reproduces, reproduces, responds, grows, responds, grows, and developsand develops

26

Levels of OrganizationLevels of Organization

Group of organisms that can reproduce

Species/ Organism

27

22ndnd Level of Organization Level of Organization22ndnd Level of Organization Level of Organization•Population:Population:

A group of A group of organisms, all organisms, all of the of the same same species, species, whichwhich interbreed interbreed and live in the and live in the same place at same place at the same the same timetime..

•Population:Population:A group of A group of organisms, all organisms, all of the of the same same species, species, whichwhich interbreed interbreed and live in the and live in the same place at same place at the same the same timetime..

28



Species/ Organism

PopulationA group of one species

29

33rdrd Level of Organization Level of Organization33rdrd Level of Organization Level of Organization•Biological Biological

Community:Community:All the All the populations populations of different of different species species that that live in live in the the same place at same place at the same the same timetime..

•Biological Biological Community:Community:All the All the populations populations of different of different species species that that live in live in the the same place at same place at the same the same timetime..

30



Species/ Organism

Population

Community

A group of one species

Populations of different species

31

44thth Level of Organization Level of Organization44thth Level of Organization Level of Organization•Ecosystem:Ecosystem:

Populations of Populations of plants and animals plants and animals that interact with that interact with each other in a each other in a given area with the given area with the abiotic abiotic components of that components of that area. area. (terrestrial (terrestrial or aquatic)or aquatic)

•Ecosystem:Ecosystem: Populations of Populations of plants and animals plants and animals that interact with that interact with each other in a each other in a given area with the given area with the abiotic abiotic components of that components of that area. area. (terrestrial (terrestrial or aquatic)or aquatic)

32



Species/ Organism

Population

Community

Ecosystem



Community + abiotic factors

33

55thth Level of Organization Level of Organization55thth Level of Organization Level of Organization

•Biosphere:Biosphere:The The portion of portion of Earth that Earth that supports supports life.life.

•Biosphere:Biosphere:The The portion of portion of Earth that Earth that supports supports life.life.

34



Species/ Organism

Population

Community

Ecosystem

Biosphere/Biome



Community + abiotic factors

Portion of the earth that supports life

35

What level of What level of organization?organization?What level of What level of organization?organization?

OrganismOrganism

36

What level of What level of Organization?Organization?What level of What level of Organization?Organization?

CommunityCommunity

37

What level of What level of Organization?Organization?What level of What level of Organization?Organization?

PopulationPopulation

Limiting FactorsLimiting Factors

• Do populations often grow exponentially?• What are limiting factors?

– Limiting factors are any factors (things) that affect an organism’s ability to survive in its environment. These factors affect population growth.

• Examples?– availability of food and water, predators,

temperature, space/shelter, and disease

• Do populations often grow exponentially?• What are limiting factors?

– Limiting factors are any factors (things) that affect an organism’s ability to survive in its environment. These factors affect population growth.

• Examples?– availability of food and water, predators,

temperature, space/shelter, and disease

Density-Dependent FactorsDensity-Dependent Factors

• What are density-dependent factors?– Factors that depend upon the size of the

population. These factors will have an increasing effect as the population size increases.

• Examples?– availability of food and water, competition,

predators, and disease

• What are density-dependent factors?– Factors that depend upon the size of the

population. These factors will have an increasing effect as the population size increases.

• Examples?– availability of food and water, competition,

predators, and disease

CompetitionCompetition

• What is competition?– Competition is one of the many symbiotic

relationships occurring in nature. Members of species compete for resources, especially for limited natural resources.

• Examples?– trees that grow very close together vie for

sunlight and soil nutrients, lions and tigers that vie for similar prey, and a farm of rice paddies with weeds growing in the field

• What is competition?– Competition is one of the many symbiotic

relationships occurring in nature. Members of species compete for resources, especially for limited natural resources.

• Examples?– trees that grow very close together vie for

sunlight and soil nutrients, lions and tigers that vie for similar prey, and a farm of rice paddies with weeds growing in the field

CompetitionCompetition

• What happens to competition between individuals as population size increases?– Competition will also increase. – If the demand for resources exceeds the

supply, then the population size will eventually decrease.

• What happens to competition between individuals as population size increases?– Competition will also increase. – If the demand for resources exceeds the

supply, then the population size will eventually decrease.

Density-Independent FactorsDensity-Independent Factors

• What are density-independent factors?– Factors that are not dependent upon the

size of the population and can affect any population.

• Examples?– temperature, weather (storms, floods,

drought), and habitat disruption by humans

• What are density-independent factors?– Factors that are not dependent upon the

size of the population and can affect any population.

• Examples?– temperature, weather (storms, floods,

drought), and habitat disruption by humans

Carrying CapacityCarrying Capacity

K

n

t

Carrying CapacityCarrying Capacity

• The maximum number of individuals that an environment can support.

• Why is knowing carrying capacity important to ecologists?

• The maximum number of individuals that an environment can support.

• Why is knowing carrying capacity important to ecologists?

45

SymbiosisSymbiosis

• Means living together.

• Four kinds of symbiosis– Mutualism– Commensalism– Parasitism – Predation

• Means living together.

• Four kinds of symbiosis– Mutualism– Commensalism– Parasitism – Predation

46

MutualismMutualism

• Both species benefit• Both species benefit

The ants protect the acacia tree by attacking any animal that tries to feed on the tree. The tree provides nectar and a home for the ants.

47

CommensalismCommensalism

• One species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor benefited.

• One species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor benefited.

The barnacle benefits by finding a habitat where nutrients are available. (In the case of lodging on the living organism, the barnacle is transported to new sources of food.) The presence of barnacle populations does not appear to hamper or enhance the survival of the animals carrying them.

48

49

ParasitismParasitism

• One species benefits at the expense of the another species.

• One species benefits at the expense of the another species.

Ticks are blood-sucking parasites. Some ticks transmit diseases as they obtain nutrients from their host.

50

PredationPredation

• Predator-prey relationship

• Predator hunts & kills

• Prey is hunted & killed

• Predator-prey relationship

• Predator hunts & kills

• Prey is hunted & killed

51

copyright cmassengale 52

Characteristics of a healthy/mature ecosystem Relationships Parts Cycles Ecology.

Documents

organisms environment

environment slide

abiotic slide

living organisms

organisms life

habitat niche habitat

nonliving parts

air currents