REGIONAL POLICY EUROPEAN COMMISSION Overview of workshop 1 Cities of tomorrow: the challenges Corinne Hermant-de Callataÿ Christian.

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Overview of workshop 1

Cities of tomorrow: the challenges

Corinne Hermant-de Callataÿ

Christian Svanfeldt

(Urban Development and Territorial Cohesion Unit, Directorate-General Regional Policy)

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William Hogarth, Gin Lane and Beer Street (1751)

Source: Roey Sweet

Looking backwardsLooking backwards

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European Priorities responding to global challenges

European priorities:

• smart growth– skills, education,

innovation

• inclusive growth– skills, jobs,

flexicurity

• sustainable growth– productivity, green

growth, low carbon economy

Corresponding challenges

• globalisation, social polarisation, demographic change

• globalisation, climate change, energy

Europe 2020

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Source: ISMERI

Effects of the economic crisis (first results)

Regions 2020Regions 2020

Pink: Metropolitan knowledge-intensive services regions

Dark blue: Traditional Mediterranean Europe

Light blue: High-tech

regions

Source: ETEPS

Effects of the economic crisis (first results)

Red circle: worsening

Globalisation vulnerability index, 2020

Top/low performing regions

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…economic and social area

…built-up and green living space

…political community

shrinkage decline in demand,supply and attractiveness

vacant buildings, rising costs,longer distances

decline in revenues,political fiasco

ageing reduced innovation, public service provision

adaptation to the needs of seniors

new priorities,decline in political participation

increasingheterogeneity

disparities,desintegration

segregation political exclusion,polarisation

… … as Challenges as Challenges (source: Heinrich Mäding)

The city as….

28.06.2010 5Prof. Dr. Heinrich Mäding

Demographic ChangesDemographic Changes

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Has solidarity collapsed?

The sociological problem lies in the (hypothesised) collapse of: traditional forms of solidarity, of routines that used to function as mediators, of (informal) mechanisms of social controla number of “top-down” initiatives to replace/complement

• from ‘repressive’ (CCTV-controlled areas; ‘adapt or leave’ attitudes; mono-cultural discourses; young offenders put in jail rather than re-educated)

• to ‘protective’ (social protection, social services) ones.

Hypothesis: due to the retrenching (welfare) state, civil society is needed to fill in the gaps that are left.

The need to re-enter ‘conflict’ into the (conceptual) equation?

Urban Governance: part of solution or part of problem?

Social challenges

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RICHRICH

MIDDLE CLASS

elderly

Mig

rants

MIDDLE CLASS

Eld

erly

POORPOOR

Spatial changes as challenge (source: Karel Maier)

size of the change? significance of the change? less empirical (quantitative) evidence hypotheses, case studies

towards1990 2020?

central posh enclaves

suburban satellites

gated suburban enclaves

compact city & garden suburbs

housing estates dilapidated exclusion enclaves

RICH

IN-BETWEENS? MIDDLE CLASS?

POOR

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Paris – St. Denis

« Traditional planning tools are unfit to govern processes

of urban transformation» (Alessandro Balducci)

« The risk for the cities is to become ungovernable »

(Pierre Calame)Source: Catalin Berescu, ArchSource: Catalin Berescu, Arch..

The Rise of the New Roma/Gypsy Ghettos in Europe

New ghettosNew ghettos

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Social polarisation

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Are Europe's cities losing the global race for agglomeration forces? (Source: Moritz Lennert, ESPON-FOCI)

Number of cities per

continental block in top 100 of total

GDP (PPS 2008)

Economic challenges

Source: PricewaterhouseCoopers UK Economic Outlook November 2009,

and UNPD Urban population projections

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(source: A. Calafati)(source: A. Calafati)

Economic challengesEconomic challenges

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How much do we know about the direction of the structural evolutions of European cities and the economic implication of these (on-going) structural evolutions?

Avoiding wishful thinking

Avoiding focusing on success story

Avoiding focusing only on meta-analyses and meta-models

Promoting in-depth analysis of cities’ development trajectory, case by case

(Source: Antonio Calafati)

A scientificA scientific challengechallenge

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Environmental challenges

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Points for discussion (Source: Udo Svedin)

The natural cycles in relation to societal process

The urban/rural connection

The environmental shadow of the use (e.g. footprint)

The ”green” urban innovation structure and systems design

Urban cores and the symbolic expression of power and decision-making

The social and cultural dimensions of urban ”green” development

Green governance at local, regional and global levels with regards to urbanisation

Environmental challenges

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Dominant Responses Feature Alternative Responses

Econo-centric Objectives Varied

Tangible Measurements Intangible

Global excellence Scales Glocal ‘excellent relevance’ & ‘relevant excellence’

Linear, products, supply/ demand, push/pull models

Processes Ecosystems, networks and flows

Narrow; disciplinary; sectoral; codified

Knowledges Broad; interdisciplinary; cross-sectoral; tacit

Technological, mechanistic solutions

Mechanisms Multiple interventions and mechanisms

Transferable models Learning Context-sensitive approaches

Elites: corporate, governments, major institutions

Social Interests Wide stakeholders, potential beneficiaries and participants

Divisible Concepts of Economic and Ecological Security

Collective

Styles of Response(source: Simon Marvin and Beth Perry)

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Technology and knowledge regions, developing foresight in a rather systemic view, smartly combining Lisbon-authorised variables:

But how does it benefit the whole of the (urban) population? (Source: Michael van Cutsem)

Insular regions in a Knowledge

Economy

BMW 2025(Ireland)

Manchester as a Knowledge

Capital

Linz 21(Austria)

Istanbul digital city programme

Governance challenges

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Employment and social cohesion issues: a city such as Brussels faces rates above 40% when it comes to unemployment of « immigrant » young men and woman.

Cities tend to invest in infrastructure and urban regeneration to tackle altogether employment, social segregation and poverty issue: Gent, Belfast, San Sebastian, Sofia, Bratislava, … This strategy is being widely supported by ERDF and examples are numerous.

Some cities focus on local participation of inhabitants through these: Reykjavik, Jelgava (Latvia), Brussels.

But nice buildings and refurbished city centres tend to attract higher revenues (gentrification) and chase poverty out of the city, how far? (Source: Michael van Cutsem)

Governance challenges

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Peri-urban policy challenges

• Peri-urban activities & policy agendas don’t fit NUTS boundaries.

• Rapid change with problems & opportunities side-by-side,

• Effective policy responses need to be multi-level, multi-agency and multi-functional.

• How to manage complex & flexible communities of stakeholders ??

• How to bring together fragmented actors & objectives ??

• How to enable enterprise & innovation, AND protect natural assets ??

• Is this a local / regional / national / EU agenda ??

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Urban policy questions Policy integration:

• Multi-level & multi-actor

• Multi-objective

• BOTH Strategic AND entrepreneurial AND sustainable !!

EU level policy:

• Competence?

• Effectiveness?

• Additionality?

• Targets & thresholds?

National level

• How to strengthen spatial planning & territorial governance ?

City-regional level

• Priority for city-region strategic governance

Sector level:

• Linking the urban / peri-urban agenda - agriculture, transport, energy, water, housing, employment etc

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Some conclusions from workshop 1

• Challenges are contradictory: need to address contradictions

• Challenges need to be clustered and prioritised

• Distinguish between today’s challenges and those 20 years from now

• Missing messages including disparities and diversity as challenges

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Some conclusions from workshop 1 (cont.)

Need toNeed to::

• study driving forces of trends at different time and geographic scales

• understand ‘transversality’ between subjects/ themes

• develop collective intelligence and learning + new knowledge base & new indicators

• Develop new new ways of governance, define the level of intervention and its boundaries / general vs. specific approaches

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Our conclusion: eight key challenges

• How to counter social/spatial segregation/polarisation? How to ensure social and functional mixity?

• How to foster social inclusion and economic integration of disadvantaged groups, especially migrants?

• How to ensure economic transitions? (entrepreneurial environment; local & social economy; knowledge/green economy ; a viable manufacturing sector)?

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Eight key challenges (cont.)

• How to manage and adapt to demographic changes (e.g. ageing/age imbalances; shrinking/ growing; in/out migration)?

• How to maintain and attract a broad range of skills/competencies? How to stimulate diversified job creation and availability?

• How to achieve sustainable mobility (pedestrian, bike, clean urban transport, car, new transport modes, accessibility)?

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Eight key challenges (cont.)

• How to achieve greater energy efficiency and manage the transition towards a carbon-neutral city?

• How to manage natural resources (water, waste, air, soil and land)?

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Three additional “transversal” challenges

• How to ensure territorial cohesion and coherence? How to manage relationships between cities and their surroundings (hinterland; urban/peri-urban; metropolises)?

• How to foster cities' attractiveness (e.g., education, culture, sports, creativity and cultural/industrial heritage; safety and security; public spaces and public services)

• How to ensure financial sustainability?