Regional Association V (South-West Pacific) - WMO Library

Regional Association V (South-West Pacifi c)

Fourteenth session

WMO-No. 1005WM

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Adelaide9–16 May

2006Abridged fi nal

report withresolutions

REPORTS OF RECENT WMO CONSTITUENT BODY SESSIONS

Congress and Executive Council

929 — Executive Council, fi fty-third session, Geneva, 5–15 June 2001932 — Thirteenth World Meteorological Congress, Proceedings, Geneva, 4–26 May 1999945 — Executive Council, fi fty-fourth session, Geneva, 11–21 June 2002960 — Fourteenth World Meteorological Congress, Geneva, 5–24 May 2003961 — Executive Council, fi fty-fi fth session, Geneva, 26–28 May 2003972 — Fourteenth World Meteorological Congress, Proceedings, Geneva, 5–24 May 2003977 — Executive Council, fi fty-sixth session, Geneva, 8–18 June 2004988 — Executive Council, fi fty-seventh session, Geneva, 21 June–1 July 2005

Regional associations

934 — Regional Association III (South America), thirteenth session, Quito, 19–26 September 2001944 — Regional Association V (South-West Pacifi c), thirteenth session, Manila, 21–28 May 2002954 — Regional Association I (Africa), thirteenth session, Mbabane, 20–28 November 2002981 — Regional Association II (Asia), thirteenth session, Hong Kong, China, 7–15 December 2004987 — Regional Association IV (North America, Central America and the Caribbean), fourteenth session, San José, 5–15 April 2005991 — Regional Association VI (Europe), fourteenth session, Heidelberg, 7–15 September 2005

Technical commissions

947 — Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observation, thirteenth session, Bratislava, 25 September–3 October 2002951 — Commission for Agricultural Meteorology, thirteenth session, Ljubljana, 10–18 October 2002953 — Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology, twelfth session, Montreal, 16–20 September 2002955 — Commission for Basic Systems, extraordinary session, Cairns, 4–12 December 2002979 — Commission for Hydrology, twelfth session, Geneva, 20–29 October 2004985 — Commission for Basic Systems, thirteenth session, St Petersburg, 23 February–3 March 2005995 — Joint WMO/IOC Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology, second session, Halifax, 19–27 September 2005996 — Commission for Climatology, fourteenth session, Beijing, 3–10 November 20051002 — Commission for Atmospheric Sciences, fourteenth session, Cape Town, 16–24 February 2006

In accordance with the decision of Thirteenth Congress,

the reports are published in the following languages:

Congress — Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, SpanishExecutive Council — Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, SpanishRegional Association I — Arabic, English, FrenchRegional Association II — Arabic, Chinese, English, French, RussianRegional Association III — English, SpanishRegional Association IV — English, SpanishRegional Association V — English, FrenchRegional Association VI — Arabic, English, French, RussianTechnical commissions — Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish

WMO issues authoritative publications on scientifi c and technical aspects of meteorology, hydrology and related subjects. These include manuals, guides, training materials, public information and the WMO Bulletin.

Regional Association V(South-West Pacifi c)

Fourteenth session

Adelaide9–16 May 2006

Abridged fi nal report with resolutions

WMO-No. 1005

NOTE

The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

© 2007, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva

ISBN 92-63-11005-0

SERNA_B

Copyright in this electronic file and its contents is vested in WMO. It must not be altered, copied or passed on to a third party or posted electronically without WMO's written permission.

PageGENERAL SUMMARY OF THE WORK OF THE SESSION

1. OPENING OF THE SESSION (XIV-RA V/PINK 1 AND 2) .......................................................................................... 1

2. ORGANIZATION OF THE SESSION (XIV-RA V/PINK 1 AND 2) ................................................................................ 22.1 Consideration of the report on credentials .............................................................................................. 22.2 Adoption of the agenda (XIV-RA V/Doc. 2.2) ................................................................................................. 22.3 Establishment of committees ................................................................................................................... 22.4 Other organizational matters ................................................................................................................... 2

3. REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE ASSOCIATION (XIV-RA V/DOC. 3; PINK 3) ................................................... 2

4. WORLD WEATHER WATCH PROGRAMME — REGIONAL ASPECTS ............................................................... 24.1 WWW Planning and Implementation Programme, including the report of the chairperson of the Working Group on Planning and Implementation of the WWW in Region V (XIV-RA V/Doc. 4.1(1); PINK 4.1(1)) ....................................................................................................................... 24.2 Integrated Observing System, including the Instruments and Methods of Observation Programme (XIV-RA V/Doc. 4.2(1); 4.2(2); PINK 4.2(1), REV. 1) .................................................................................. 34.3 Information Systems and Services, including telecommunications, data management and the Operational Information Service (XIV-RA V/Doc. 4.3(1); PINK 4.3(1)) .................................................... 54.4 Data-processing and Forecasting System (XIV-RA V/Doc. 4.4(1); PINK 4.4(1)) ...................................................... 74.5 Tropical Cyclone Programme (XIV-RA V/Doc. 4.5; APP_WP 4.5) .......................................................................... 9

5. WORLD CLIMATE PROGRAMME — REGIONAL ASPECTS ............................................................................... 95.1 Climate Programme Coordination and Support Activities, including the report of the chairperson of the Working Group on Climate-related Matters (XIV-RA V/Doc. 5.1; APP_WP 5.1) .................... 95.2 World Climate Data and Monitoring Programme (XIV-RA V/Doc. 5.2; PINK 5.2) ........................................... 115.3 World Climate Applications and Services Programme, including Climate Information and Prediction Services in Region V (XIV-RA V/Doc. 5.3; PINK 5.3) ................................................................... 145.4 Global Climate Observing System (XIV-RA V/Doc. 5.4; PINK 5.4) ................................................................... 155.5 World Climate Research Programme (XIV-RA V/Doc. 5.5; PINK 5.5) .................................................................. 16

6. ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH AND ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME — REGIONAL ASPECTS (XIV-RA V/DOC. 6; PINK 6) .. 166.1 Global Atmosphere Watch, including support to ozone and other environment-oriented conventions (XIV-RA V/Doc. 6; 6.1(1); 6.1(2); PINK 6) ............................................................................................. 176.2 World Weather Research Programme, including THORPEX (XIV-RA V/Doc. 6; PINK 6) ................................... 186.3 Tropical Meteorology Research Programme (XIV-RA V/Doc. 6; PINK 6) ......................................................... 196.4 Programme on Physics and Chemistry of Clouds and Weather Modifi cation Research (XIV-RA V/Doc. 6; PINK 6) .................................................................................................................................. 19

7. APPLICATIONS OF METEOROLOGY PROGRAMME — REGIONAL ASPECTS ..................................................... 197.1 Public Weather Services Programme (XIV-RA V/Doc. 7.1; APP_Doc. 7.1) .............................................................. 197.2 Agricultural Meteorology Programme, including the report of the chairperson of the Working Group on Agricultural Meteorology (XIV-RA V/Doc. 7.2(1); 7.2(2); PINK 7.2(1)) ..................................................... 217.3 Aeronautical Meteorology Programme (XIV-RA V/Doc. 7.3(1); 7.3(2); APP_WP 7.3) ................................................ 227.4 Marine Meteorology and Oceanography Programme (XIV-RA V/Doc. 7.4(1); 7.4(1), REV.1; APP_WP 7.4) ................................................................................................. 24

8. HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES PROGRAMME — REGIONAL ASPECTS

(XIV-RA V/Doc. 8(1); Doc. 8(2); APP_WP 8) ........................................................................................................ 26

CONTENTS

IV ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE FOURTEENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

Page

9. EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROGRAMME — REGIONAL ASPECTS

(XIV-RA V/Doc. 9(1); 9(2); APP_WP 9) ..................................................................................................................... 29

10. TECHNICAL COOPERATION PROGRAMME — REGIONAL ASPECTS (XIV-RA V/Doc. 10; PINK 10) ............................. 31

11. NATURAL DISASTER PREVENTION AND MITIGATION PROGRAMME — REGIONAL ASPECTS

(XIV-RA V/Doc. 11; APP_WP 11) ........................................................................................................................... 33

12. WMO SPACE PROGRAMME — REGIONAL ASPECTS (XIV-RA V/Doc. 12; APP_Doc. 12) ............................................ 36

13. INFORMATION AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS PROGRAMME — REGIONAL ASPECTS (XIV-RA V/Doc. 13; APP_Doc. 13) .......... 36

14. LONG-TERM PLANNING — REGIONAL ASPECTS (XIV-RA V/DOC. 14; APP_WP 14) ................................................. 38

15. EMERGING ISSUES AND SPECIFIC CHALLENGES ............................................................................................. 3915.1 Brainstorming with emphasis on special concerns of the Region (XIV-RA V/Doc. 15.1; PINK 15.1) ................... 3915.2 Follow-up on multilateral development agreements (XIV-RA V/Doc. 15.2; APP_Doc. 15.2) .................................. 4015.3 Evaluation of socio-economic benefi ts (XIV-RA V/Doc. 15.3; PINK 15.3) ............................................................ 4015.4 Evolution of WMO and NMHSs — Regional aspects (XIV-RA V/Doc. 15.4; 15.4(2); PINK 15.4) ............................. 4015.5 International exchange of data and products (XIV-RA V/Doc. 15.5; APP_WP 15.5) .............................................. 4115.6 WMO Quality Management Framework (XIV-RA V/Doc. 15.6; APP_WP 15.6) ...................................................... 4115.7 Group on Earth Observations process (XIV-RA V/Doc. 15.7; APP_WP 15.7) .......................................................... 4215.8 Internal matters of WMO (XIV-RA V/ PINK 15.8) ............................................................................................. 42

16. OTHER REGIONAL ACTIVITIES ..................................................................................................................... 4316.1 Fifth Technical Conference on Management of Meteorological Services in Regional Association V (South-West Pacifi c) (XIV-RA V/Doc. 16.1; PINK 16.1) ................................................................... 4316.2 Internal matters of the Association (XIV-RA V/Doc. 16.2; PINK 16.2) .................................................................. 4316.3 Strategic Action Plan for the Development of Meteorology in the Pacifi c Region 2000–2009 (XIV-RA V/Doc. 16.3; APP_WP 16.3) ........................................................................................ 44

17. WMO REGIONAL OFFICE FOR ASIA AND THE SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC, INCLUDING THE SUBREGIONAL OFFICE FOR THE SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC (XIV-RA V/Doc. 17; APP WP_17) ........................................................................................................... 44

18. SCIENTIFIC LECTURES AND DISCUSSIONS (XIV-RA V/DOC. 18; PINK 18) .................................................................. 45

19. REVIEW OF PREVIOUS RESOLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE ASSOCIATION AND OF RELEVANT EXECUTIVE COUNCIL RESOLUTIONS (XIV-RA V/Doc. 19; PINK 19) ......................................................................... 46

20. ELECTION OF OFFICERS (XIV-RA V/PINK 20; 20, REV.) .......................................................................................... 46

21. DATE AND PLACE OF THE FIFTEENTH SESSION (XIV-RA V/PINK 21) .................................................................... 46

22. CLOSURE OF THE SESSION (XIV-RA V/PINK 22) .................................................................................................. 46

RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED BY THE SESSION

Final SessionNo. No.

1 4.1/1 Working Group on Planning and Implementation of the WWW in Region V ............................. 472 4.2/1 Regional Basic Synoptic Network .................................................................................................... 503 4.2/2 Regional Basic Climatological Network in Region V....................................................................... 564 4.2/3 Amendments to the Manual on the Global Observing System (WMO-No. 544), Volume II — Regional Aspects — Region V (South-West Pacific) ................................................... 605 4.2/4 Co-rapporteurs on Regional Aspects of Instrument Development, Related Training and Capacity-Building ..................................................................................................................... 636 4.5/1 RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee for the South Pacific and South-East Indian Ocean ............... 63

CONTENTS V

Page

7 5.1/1 Re-establishment of the Working Group on Climate-related Matters ............................................ 648 6.1/1 Rapporteur on the Global Atmosphere Watch ................................................................................ 669 6.2/1 Rapporteur on WWRP-THORPEX .................................................................................................... 6610 7.2/1 Working Group on Agricultural Meteorology ................................................................................ 6711 7.3/1 Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of the Aeronautical Meteorology Programme in Region V ......... 6812 7.4/1 Co-rapporteurs on Regional Marine Meteorological and Oceanographic Services ........................ 6813 8/1 Working Group on Hydrology ........................................................................................................ 6914 9/1 Rapporteur on Education and Training Matters .............................................................................. 7015 11/1 Working Group on Natural Disaster Prevention and Mitigation in Regional Association V (South-West Pacific) .................................................................................................. 7116 12/1 Rapporteur for the WMO Space Programme ................................................................................... 7217 15.7/1 Rapporteur for the Global Earth Observation System of Systems ................................................... 7218 16.2/1 Management Group of Regional Association V (South-West Pacific) ............................................. 7319 19/1 Review of previous resolutions and recommendations of the Association ..................................... 74

ANNEXES

I Specifi c WG-PIW tasks (paragraph 4.1.7 of the general summary)...................................................... 79

II Regional Meteorological Telecommunication Network plan in RA V (paragraph 4.3.1 of the general summary) ........................................................................................... 81

III Executive Council Statement on the Role and Operation of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (for decision makers) (paragraph 15.4.3 of the general summary) ........... 84

APPENDICES

A. List of persons attending the session .................................................................................................... 86

B. List of abbreviations .............................................................................................................................. 88

1. OPENING OF THE SESSION (agenda item 1) 1.1 At the kind invitation of the Government of Australia, the fourteenth session of Regional Association (RA) V (South-West Pacifi c) was held in Adelaide, Australia, from 9 to 16 May 2006. The session was declared open by Mr A. Ngari, acting pres-ident of the Association, at 10.00 a.m. on 9 May 2006 at the Stamford Plaza in Adelaide.1.2 Mr Ngari welcomed the participants and acknowledged their presence as a very clear indica-tion of their commitment to the work of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) in the Region and globally. He expressed his appreciation to the Government of Australia for hosting the session in Adelaide, as well as for having hosted the eleventh session of the RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee for the South Pacifi c and South-East Indian Ocean, which had been held from 4 to 8 May 2006, and the Exercise Pacifi c Wave 06 under the Australian Early Warning System scheduled for 16 to 17 May 2006. Mr Ngari extended his gratitude to the former pres-ident of the Association, Mr Woon Shih Lai, the vice-president, the chairpersons and members of the working groups and rapporteurs, and to Members who had hosted regional events during the interses-sional period. He also expressed his gratitude for the continuing support of the WMO Secretariat under the leadership of the Secretary-General, Mr M. Jarraud.1.3 Councillor R. Hayward extended a warm welcome to all the participants on behalf of the Lord Mayor of Adelaide. He remarked that it was the fi rst time that a WMO meeting had ever been held in Adelaide, and invited participants to take advantage of their pres-ence in Adelaide to enjoy some of the many attractions and premier events offered by that beautiful city.1.4 Mr G. Love, Director of the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) and Permanent Representative of Australia with WMO, expressed his pleasure, on behalf of the Federal Government of Australia, in hosting the session. He said that 9 May 2006 was the day of the announcement of the Federal Budget for 2006–2007, and therefore the Hon. G. Hunt MP, Parliamentary Secretary with responsibility for BOM, was unable to come to Adelaide to extend his welcome personally as he was obliged to stay in Canberra. Mr Love was highly appreciative of the friendliness and spirit of cooperation in the Region, and wished the session great success. 1.5 In his opening statement, Mr M. Jarraud, Secretary-General of WMO, extended a warm welcome to all the participants. Mr Jarraud expressed

appreciation to the Government of Australia, through Mr G. Love, for hosting the session in Adelaide. He noted that Colonel William Light, one of Adelaide’s founding fathers, was credited as the initiator of weather observations in Adelaide. Mr Jarraud thanked the acting president of RA V, Mr A. Ngari, the vice-president, Mr R. Prasad, the chairpersons, rapporteurs and members of the working groups for their lead-ership and for the work that they had accomplished since the thirteenth session of RA V in Manila, the Philippines, in 2002. He expressed gratitude to Mr Love and his staff for the excellent arrangements made to ensure the success of the session. 1.6 The Secretary-General emphasized that he attached a very high priority to WMO’s scientifi c and technical programmes; enhancing the support to Members’ National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs); and promoting transparency and internal controls in the Secretariat. Additionally, he endeavoured to ensure synergy and effi ciency in the implementation of the new cross-cutting programmes: the Natural Disaster Prevention and Mitigation (DPM) Programme, the WMO Space Programme and the WMO Programme for the Least Developed Countries (LDCs). Recalling the tragic Indian Ocean tsunami which had occurred in December 2004 and the devastating effects of tropical cyclones, which hit the Members of the Region, Mr Jarraud indicated the Region’s high vulnerability to natural disasters, and emphasized that WMO’s DPM Programme promoted collaboration among relevant programmes. He also stressed that a shift in the disaster management approach from relief and rehabilitation to multi-hazard preventive and proactive strategies had the potential to signifi cantly reduce the vulnerability of communities. 1.7 The Secretary-General shared with the Association his views on issues relevant to the session’s deliberations, such as some notable gaps in observational data coverage; shortcomings in the area of telecommunications; climate change and climate variability; environmental concerns, includ-ing air and water quality, marine pollution and public health-related issues; and requirements for continu-ous training within NMHSs.1.8 The Secretary-General concluded that the Regional Offi ce for Asia and the South-West Pacifi c and the Subregional Offi ce for the South-West Pacifi c would serve as focal points to support regional activities, facili-tate technical cooperation, and assist Members in their implementation of WMO Programmes and in the devel-opment of their NMHSs.

GENERAL SUMMARY OF THE WORK OF THE SESSION

2 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE FOURTEENTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

2. ORGANIZATION OF THE SESSION(agenda item 2)

2.1 CONSIDERATION OF THE REPORT ON CREDENTIALS (agenda item 2.1)

2.1.1 The representative of the Secretary-General presented reports on credentials taking into account the documents received prior to and during the session. The Association accepted the reports and decided that it would not be necessary to establish a Credentials Committee.2.1.2 The session was attended by 55 participants from 20 Members of RA V, four observers from non-Members of WMO, three observers from regional and international organizations and two experts. The list of participants is given in Appendix A to the present report.

2.2 ADOPTION OF THE AGENDA (agenda item 2.2)The provisional agenda for the session was unani-mously adopted with an additional item, namely 15.8: Internal matters of WMO.

2.3 ESTABLISHMENT OF COMMITTEES (agenda item 2.3)

2.3.1 It was agreed that the work of the session would be carried out by all plenary sessions to deal with the various agenda items as follows:(a) General Plenary chaired by the acting president

was assigned agenda items 1, 2, 3, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 and 22;

(b) Plenary A was assigned agenda items 4, 6, 7.1, 7.3, 7.4, 11 and 12. Mr J. Lumsden (New Zealand) and Ms Sri W.B. Harijono (Indonesia) were designated to serve as co-chairpersons of Plenary A;

(c) Plenary B was assigned agenda items 5, 7.2, 8, 9, 10 and 13. Mr R. Prasad (Fiji) and Mr Yap Kok Seng (Malayasia) were appointed as co-chairpersons of Plenary B.

2.3.2 The following committees were established for the duration of the session.

NOMINATION COMMITTEE

2.3.3 A Nomination Committee was established composed of the principal delegates of New Zealand (chairperson), the Philippines and Tonga.

COORDINATION COMMITTEE

2.3.4 A Coordination Committee was estab-lished, comprising the acting president, the vice-president, the representative of the Secretary-General, the co-chairpersons of Plenaries A and B and secretaries of the General Plenary, Plenary A and Plenary B.

2.4 OTHER ORGANIZATIONAL MATTERS (agenda item 2.4)

2.4.1 The Association established its working hours for the duration of the session. The Association agreed that no minutes of the General Plenary sessions would be produced unless a Member specifi cally requested them for a particular item.

2.4.2 The Association designated Mr S. Pulehetoa (Niue) as rapporteur on agenda item 19: Review of previous resolutions and recommendations of the Association and of relevant Executive Council resolutions.2.4.3 The Association agreed to waive General Regulation 109 for the duration of the session.

3. REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE ASSOCIATION (agenda item 3)

3.1 The Association noted with appreciation the acting president’s report, which provided an assess-ment of the Association’s activities since its thirteenth session and expressed satisfaction at the manner in which the activities were being undertaken.3.2 The Association commended its former president, Mr Woon Shih Lai (Singapore), its former vice-president and current acting president, Mr A. Ngari (Cook Islands), and the vice-president, Mr R. Prasad (Fiji), for their dedication in conduct-ing the Association’s work, thus contributing to the further development of meteorology and hydrology in the Region. It also expressed its appreciation to the chairpersons and members of working groups and rapporteurs for their assistance in carrying out the activities of the Association.3.3 The Association extended its appreciation to Members for having hosted various regional events and encouraged them to continue providing support for future activities.3.4 The Association noted the priorities and future work programme presented by the acting president for the intersessional period, in particular those related to WMO scientifi c and technical programmes focusing on the specifi c needs of the Region, and would take those into account in the establishment of the overall regional priorities. It requested the Secretary-General to take the regional needs of the Association into consid-eration when organizing events in the Region.

4. WORLD WEATHER WATCH PROGRAMME — REGIONAL ASPECTS (agenda item 4)

4.1 WWW PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAMME, INCLUDING THE REPORT OF THE CHAIRPERSON OF THE WORKING GROUP ON PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE WWW IN REGION V (agenda item 4.1)

4.1.1 The Association noted with appreciation the report of the chairperson of the Working Group on Planning and Implementation of the WWW in Region V (RA V/WG-PIW), Mr T. Hart (Australia). It was noted that the Working Group had made good progress, and the major results were considered in detail under the relevant agenda items of the session.4.1.2 The Association thanked the National Meteorological Service of Samoa for having hosted the fourth session of the RA V/WG-PIW in Apia in November–December 2005, and the Working Group chairperson, coordinator and rapporteurs for the work accomplished during the intersessional period.

GENERAL SUMMARY 3

4.1.3 The Association considered the results of the monitoring of the operation of the World Weather Watch (WWW) in 2003–2005 from the annual global monitoring (October each year) and the quarterly Special Main Telecommunication Network (MTN) Monitoring (SMM). The Association noted that the availability of SYNOP reports (around 69 per cent) and TEMP reports (57 to 63 per cent) from Regional Basic Synoptic Network (RBSN) stations, though near the WMO average, did not completely meet the needs of its NMHSs. The availability of CLIMAT and CLIMAT TEMP reports from Regional Basic Climatological Network (RBCN) stations in 2004 had been 79 and 83 per cent, respectively (see agenda item 4.2 for further details).4.1.4 The Association gave particular attention to Resolution 2 (Cg-XIV) — World Weather Watch Programme for 2004–2007, and Resolution 25 (Cg-XIV) — Sixth WMO Long-term Plan, which confi rmed that the WWW continued to have the high-est priority as the basic WMO Programme and provided the basis for NMHS operations and the international exchange of data and products. The Association also noted Resolution 5 (Cg-XIV), under which the new major WMO Space Programme had been established to increase the effectiveness and contributions from satellite systems to WMO Programmes as indicated in the Sixth WMO Long-term Plan (6LTP). As regards Resolution 29 (Cg-XIV) — Natural Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Programme, the Association empha-sized the important role of the WWW system at the regional level and, in particular, its information systems and services component for the exchange of early warnings and related information.4.1.5 The Association reviewed the aspects relevant to the WWW implementation of the WMO Programme for the LDCs in conjunction with the United Nations Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States. It emphasized the critical importance of using technologies for the imple-mentation of national WWW components that were adapted to and capable of matching the specifi c needs, constraints and abilities of the small island developing States (SIDS) in the Region, with particular attention given to minimizing operational recurrent costs. 4.1.6 The Association stressed that it would continue to play an active role in the implemen-tation and further development of the WWW in Region V to keep the WWW Programme under contin-uous review and to recommend adjustments in the light of Members’ changing requirements and devel-opments in science and technology, bearing in mind the principles and directives laid down in the 6LTP. It should also identify defi ciencies, propose remedial measures and develop system support projects on a regional scale. 4.1.7 The Association agreed that, taking into account the many tasks related to the basic WWW components, it was necessary to re-establish the Working Group on Planning and Implementation of the WWW in Region V. Accordingly, Resolution 1 (XIV-RA V) was

adopted. The Association identifi ed the specifi c tasks, as listed in Annex I to the present report, that the WG-PIW should carry out during the forthcoming intersessional period with a view to further developing WWW imple-mentation in the Region and to effectively meeting evolving requirements.

4.2 INTEGRATED OBSERVING SYSTEM, INCLUDING THE INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF OBSERVATION PROGRAMME (agenda item 4.2)

4.2.1 The Association noted the Progress/Activity Report on the Integrated Observing System, includ-ing the Instruments and Methods of Observation Programme (IMOP).

SURFACE-BASED SUBSYSTEM

REGIONAL BASIC SYNOPTIC NETWORK

4.2.2 The Association noted that, overall, owing to Members’ efforts, the observing system was function-ing reasonably well in the Region, although there were defi ciencies in some areas. It appreciated the work done by the RA V/WG-PIW, through the Co-rapporteurs on Regional Aspects of Integrated Observing Systems, to identify and address defi ciencies in the observing programmes. It also appreciated the work done by the Regional Lead Centre on Data Quality Monitoring to improve monitoring procedures and for the presen-tation and distribution of monitoring results on the availability and quality of surface-based observational data. 4.2.3 As regards the revision of the RBSN, the Association confi rmed the principles to be applied for the inclusion of stations in the RBSN. It noted with appreciation the efforts undertaken by the chairperson of the WG-PIW in compiling, in coordination with the Secretariat and RA V Members, a revised consolidated list of RBSN stations.4.2.4 The Association adopted Resolution 2 (XIV-RA V).

REGIONAL BASIC CLIMATOLOGICAL NETWORK

4.2.5 The Association noted with satisfaction that the establishment of an RBCN in all WMO Regions and in the Antarctic had allowed more effective and consistent monitoring of the availability of climato-logical data. It also noted activities coordinated by the Commission for Basic Systems (CBS) and the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) to improve the quantity and quality of CLIMAT and CLIMAT TEMP reports, and invited the World Climate Programme (WCP) and GCOS to consider the need for the exchange of CLIMAT TEMP messages. 4.2.6 The Association adopted Resolution 3 (XIV-RA V).

SPACE-BASED SUBSYSTEM 4.2.7 The Association noted the status of the space-based subsystem of the Global Observing System (GOS) available in the Region. It noted with appreciation and


gratitude the efforts made by meteorological satellite agencies in the recent major improvement in the implementation of meteorological satellites covering the Region, including the cooperation between the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in ensuring the continuous coverage of geostationary satellite imagery until the launch of MTSAT-1R. The Association observed that research satellite data were being used operationally at NMHSs (e.g. data assimilation models) and at forecast offi ces (e.g. QuikSCAT). Those data were included in the GOS and were disseminated over the Global Telecommunication System (GTS). The Association urged continued access to research satellite data for operations, and noted the importance of coordinating strategies and plans for the transition of successful research satellite capabilities to operations.4.2.8 The Association recalled that Fourteenth Congress had established a new major cross-cutting Programme, the WMO Space Programme, in response to the momentous expansion in the availability of satellite data, products and services. It noted the decision to institutionalize the sessions as WMO Consultative Meetings on High-level Policy on Satellite Matters in order to formalize the dialogue and participation of environmental satellite agencies in WMO matters.

GOS-RELATED REGULATORY MATERIAL (REGIONAL ASPECTS)4.2.9 The Association noted the activities under-taken on updating the regional entry for the Manual on the Global Observing System (WMO-No. 544) in response to evolving requirements. 4.2.10 The Association adopted Resolution 4 (XIV-RA V).

INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF OBSERVATION PROGRAMME 4.2.11 The Association noted the outcomes of the thirteenth session of the Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observation (CIMO), held in Bratislava (Slovakia) in September/October 2002. It stressed that IMOP was of fundamental importance for ensur-ing the quality and reliability of meteorological and related observations that were essential to Members’ operational and research activities.4.2.12 The Association agreed that the understand-ing of the Earth’s climatic system, climate variability and climate change would greatly benefi t from homo-geneous data measured all over the world. It welcomed the fact that some urgently needed intercomparisons had been implemented, and steps had been taken to proceed with others according to the action plan set up by the thirteenth session of CIMO, namely the WMO Field Intercomparison of Rainfall Intensity Instruments (2007/2008) and the WMO Combined Intercomparison of Thermometer Screens/Shields in Conjunction with Humidity Measuring Instruments (2006/2007).

4.2.13 Noting that accurate and timely measure-ments were a prerequisite for successful natural disaster prevention and mitigation, the Association asked the Secretary-General to strengthen Members’ capacities in observing practices and the calibration of instruments through training workshops, such as training workshops on upper-air observations and on instrument calibrations. It noted with inter-est that evaluation missions had been conducted in the Regional Instrument Centres (RICs) of develop-ing countries, including RIC Manila (Philippines), to develop proposals to strengthen their operational and capacity-building functions and services, and that the Training Workshop on Metrology for the RICs had been held in Trappes (France) in October 2005, with the participation of the RICs of Melbourne (Australia) and Manila. The Association also requested that a survey be carried out to ascertain the capacity of Members in the areas of calibration and maintenance.

THE FORCED NEED TO REPLACE CERTAIN RADIOSONDE SYSTEMS

4.2.14 Noting the report on the impact of the forced need to replace certain radiosonde systems on the upper-air network, the Association appreciated that steps had been taken towards avoiding a prolonged loss of upper-air data, especially in developing coun-tries. It was pleased to note that, through a coordinated effort of the WMO Secretariat and donors, some 19 upper-air stations had been or were being assisted in upgrading/replacing their current systems, with priorities being set for GCOS and operational stations. That included seven stations of RA V (Penrhyn, Cook Islands; Tarawa, Kiribati; Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea; Laoag, Philippines; Honiara, Solomon Islands; Funafuti, Tuvalu; and Bauerfi eld, Vanuatu). Also, tech-nical assistance had been provided on request.

REPORT OF THE CO-RAPPORTEURS ON REGIONAL ASPECTS OF INSTRUMENT DEVELOPMENT, RELATED TRAINING AND CAPACITY-BUILDING

4.2.15 The Association noted with appreciation the report of Mr B. Forgan (Australia) and Mr C. Davis (Philippines), the Co-rapporteurs on Regional Aspects of Instrument Development, Related Training and Capacity-Building and noted their contribution to the enhancement of capacity-building matters in the fi eld of instruments and methods of observation. The Association decided to appoint Co-rapporteurs and adopted Resolution 5 (XIV-RA V).4.2.16 The Association agreed that RICs were instru-mental in satisfying the needs of the Region for regular calibration, standardization, instrument comparisons and evaluation and for training instrument experts. The Association requested RICs to continue strength-ening their capabilities and regularly inform Members on their services and plans.4.2.17 Noting that very homogeneous solar radia-tion data measured throughout the world were a precondition for the successful determination of the radiation budget, the Association requested the

GENERAL SUMMARY 5

Secretary-General to organize regular regional pyrheli-ometer comparisons in the Region from six months to four years following the International Pyrheliometer Comparisons.

4.3 INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND SERVICES, INCLUDING TELECOMMUNICATIONS, DATA MANAGEMENT AND THE OPERATIONAL INFORMATION SERVICE (agenda item 4.3)

REGIONAL METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK

4.3.1 The Association noted the progress made in the upgrade of the Regional Meteorological Telecommunication Network (RMTN), including the duplication of Regional Telecommunication Hub (RTH) Melbourne’s communication facilities at the BOM Disaster Recovery site in Brisbane, the upgrade of the Singapore–Manila and Singapore–Bangkok circuits from X.25 to Frame Relay using Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) procedures, and the planned upgrade of the AFTN X.25 circuits between Hawaii and islands in the North Pacifi c, Pago Pago and Apia, initially to TCP/IP and a subsequent replacement with two-way VSAT. The diagrams of the RMTN plan are included in Annex II to the present report.4.3.2 The Association noted with appreciation the successful upgrade of the International Satellite Communication System (ISCS) broadcast, which was part of the RMTN, from X.25 to TCP/IP. Noting that the ISCS upgrade provided additional capacity for the distribution of data and products, the Association agreed that requirements for data and products in Region V should be reviewed, and welcomed the fact that an ad hoc group of the WG-PIW would be re-established for that purpose. The ad hoc group would include the Regional Coordinator for Information Systems and Services (ISS), a representative of the Pacifi c area, who would be designated by the WG-PIW chairperson in consultation with the Members concerned, and the focal point of the World Meteorological Centre (WMC)/RTH Washington. The ad hoc group would conduct its work mainly by correspondence, including through the e-mail, and would consult the Pacifi c countries concerned on their requirements.

COMPLEMENTARY SYSTEMS

4.3.3 The Association noted with appreciation the current status of the United States Emergency Managers Weather Information Network (EMWIN). EMWIN was provided via the GOES-10 and GOES-12 satellites and was a vital link in meteorological communications in the Pacifi c, especially for small Pacifi c islands. Over 30 EMWIN systems were implemented in 18 Pacifi c countries. The Association also noted that when the present GOES-10 and GOES-12 satellites were replaced with the new GOES series, it would be necessary to replace the current EMWIN receivers to meet the new transmission specifi cations. The Association empha-sized the need to plan the changeover well in advance,

and requested the WG-PIW to monitor and coordinate the necessary arrangements.4.3.4 The Association noted the successful results of the three radio and Internet (RANET) pilot projects, utilizing the WorldSpace Asia satellite, conducted within the Region. When coupled with a high frequency (HF) e-mail system, RANET and EMWIN provided a cost-effective two-way communications system for small island States. The system provided seamless integration into the GTS, currently through RTH Melbourne, with RTH Wellington and NMC Honolulu being seen as future GTS access nodes. The Association invited the United States to consider the inclusion of the RANET content into the low-rate information transmission (LRIT) broadcast from the GOES satellites for small island States east of the international date-line that could not receive AsiaStar broadcasts. It noted that the EMWIN content was also carried within the GOES LRIT broadcast, which created added redundancy. As regards LRIT, the Association also noted the urgent requirement for completing upgrades of receiving stations following the replacement of the weather facsimile (WEFAX) service on the GOES-10 satellite with an LRIT broadcast.4.3.5 Noting the important role of EMWIN, RANET and HF e-mail in operational meteorological commu-nications in the Region, the Association endorsed the WG-PIW’s recommendation that EMWIN, RANET and HF e-mail systems be included as components of the RMTN.

INTERNET SERVICES

4.3.6 The Association noted with appreciation that there were several complementary mechanisms for data exchange available to NMHSs in RA V, which generally depended on the Internet and TCP/IP technologies implemented by RTH Melbourne and Wellington. In that respect, it also noted with satisfaction that CBS had developed and was further developing guidance and recommended practices for meteorological and related data exchange over the Internet.

SUPPORT FOR EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS

4.3.7 The Association noted with appreciation the WMO plan and efforts towards strengthening the GTS in the Indian Ocean region for the exchange of warnings and related information in support of multi-hazard warning systems, including the Tsunami Warning System.4.3.8 The Association addressed the implications for the Pacifi c Tsunami Warning System and agreed that a workshop should be held for centres and other stakeholders within the Pacifi c Ocean area to assess the capability of, and recommend any changes to, the GTS in the Regions concerned to support multi-hazard warning systems, especially the Tsunami Warning System. It noted with interest that a fi rst ever Pacifi c-wide tsunami exercise was planned for May 2006 by the Intergovernmental Coordination Group for the Pacifi c Tsunami Warning System (ICG/PTWS) of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic


Commission (IOC), and encouraged Member coun-tries and NMHSs to participate. The exercise should assist in identifying shortcomings in the communica-tion systems in the Pacifi c region.

GTS AND DATA MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES AND PROCEDURES

4.3.9 The Association noted the relevant conclu-sions and recommendations of the thirteenth session of CBS (St Petersburg, 2005) related to GTS and data management techniques and procedures, which had an impact on the implementation and operation of the RMTN of Region V. It invited all NMHSs in the Region to benefi t from CBS recommendations and guidance for their information systems. It also requested the WG-PIW, and in particular the Subgroup on Regional Aspects of Information Systems and Services, to coor-dinate the smooth introduction of those developments in the Region.

MIGRATION TO TABLE-DRIVEN CODE FORMS

4.3.10 The Association noted that the Fourteenth World Meteorological Congress (2003) had endorsed the migration plan developed by CBS and had urged every Member country to develop as soon as possible a national migration plan, derived from the interna-tional plan, with analysis of impacts, costs, solutions, sources of funding (as necessary), national training, technical planning and a schedule. Congress had high-lighted the complexity of the migration process and had requested CBS to put in place an effective imple-mentation/coordination mechanism for guiding, assisting and monitoring the migration to table-driven code forms (TDCF). The plan for migration to TDCF had been enforced, and the era of implemen-tation and coordination had started. The plan had called for the start of the operational exchange by 2 November 2005 of data in TDCF from category 1, common codes, but with dissemination also in tradi-tional alphanumeric codes (TAC) when potential users could not receive and process the TDCF. That category included SYNOP, TEMP, PILOT and CLIMAT code forms. The actual implementation of the migration process would take several years to ensure a smooth transition according to Members’ capabilities. 4.3.11 The Association emphasized that an important issue for the migration to TDCF was the identifi cation and adaptation of all applications that were using data and products in TAC form. It therefore agreed that a detailed investigation should be carried out to assess the number and types of relevant appli-cations at each NMHS, including users. It noted that TDCF encoder/decoder software was available free of charge, or at a minimal cost, from several NMHSs or organizations, including the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) (United States), the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), the Met Offi ce (United Kingdom) and the Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD) (Germany).4.3.12 The Association stressed that appropri-ate mechanisms needed to be implemented in the

Region to ensure that all activities were integrated, impacts minimized, problems identifi ed and progress monitored, and that a regional coordination/steer-ing function would be required. It requested the WG-PIW to immediately start to develop a regional plan for the migration to TDCF, in liaison with the CBS/ISS/Coordination Team on Migration to Table Driven Code Forms. The regional plan should serve as a framework for the development of a national migra-tion plan by each Member. A national pilot project should also be promoted. The Association agreed upon the WG-PIW’s recommendation that a rappor-teur on migration to TDCF be established within the WG-PIW. It also recommended that CBS pursue imagi-native approaches to facilitate the migration process for NMHSs.

WMO INFORMATION SYSTEM

4.3.13 The Association noted the development of the WMO Information System (WIS) based on the concept endorsed by Fourteenth Congress calling for an over-arching approach to meet the information exchange requirements of all WMO Programmes. Congress had emphasized that all WMO Programmes and technical commissions should actively participate and contrib-ute their own expertise and resources in all phases of the development of WIS. Congress had noted that the implementation of WIS should build upon the most successful components of existing WMO information systems in an evolutionary, smooth and coordinated process. In particular, WIS would build upon the GTS with respect to the requirements for highly reliable delivery of time-critical data and products. 4.3.14 The Association noted that the fi fty-sixth session of the Executive Council had established the Intercommission Coordination Group on WIS (ICG-WIS) for achieving the challenging task of strengthening coordination between the technical commissions for the development of WIS. It noted that a milestone timetable had been developed with a view to starting the implementation of some WIS components in 2006, and developing a comprehen-sive prototype for the extraordinary session of CBS in 2006. The Association recommended that the plan for WIS evolution include a timetable to show specifi c actions and plans for Region V. A technical conference on WIS would be held just before the extraordinary session of CBS in 2006. The Association considered that the Region should play an active role in the further development and planning of WIS, in particu-lar in developing Global Information System Centre (GISC)/Data Collection or Product Centre (DCPC)/National Centre pilot projects, with a view to generat-ing benefi ts for all WMO Programmes at the regional level.4.3.15 The Association noted with appreciation the WIS Virtual Private Network Pilot Project in Regions II and V that had started in 2003 and was led by JMA. The Association was very satisfi ed with the successful development of the project and the progress made by incorporating new subprojects

GENERAL SUMMARY 7

in its successive phases. The project was carried out through regional collaboration supported by the voluntary participation of a wide range of centres. The Association was pleased that the current participation included fi ve National Meteorological Centres (NMCs) of the Region (Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Malaysia, New Zealand and Singapore). The Association encour-aged participation by more countries in subsequent stages of the Pilot Project. It emphasized that the Pilot Project should also include participation by at least one NMHS from a small island developing State, and recommended that a participating Centre be selected as soon as possible.4.3.16 The Association noted the current develop-ment of the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS), including the draft 10-Year Implementation Plan and the 2006 Workplan. It agreed that the WWW information systems, in particular the GTS and WIS, were a unique global data exchange system for mete-orological and related earth observations and should play a leading role in GEOSS development.

RADIO FREQUENCIES FOR METEOROLOGICAL ACTIVITIES

4.3.17 The Association noted that Fourteenth Congress had reaffi rmed the prime importance of radio frequency matters for meteorological and related envi-ronmental operations and research. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Radio Regulations addressed requirements for meteorological and related environmental activities. Nonetheless, the threat to the full range of radio frequency bands allocated for meteorological and related environmental systems was continuing with the increasing development and expansion of new commercial radiocommunication systems. The Association strongly urged Members to actively participate in radio frequency activities, espe-cially the preparation of World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC) issues, conducted by their national radiocommunication administrations, by regional radiocommunication organizations (the Asia-Pacifi c Telecommunity for the Asia-Pacifi c region), and by the ITU. The Association also noted with appreciation the favourable outcome of the WRC held in 2003 as regards the several items of serious concern for meteorology, and that the CBS/Steering Group on Radio Frequency Coordination was pursuing its important coordination activities with the ITU Radiocommunication Sector, including preparation of the WRC to be held in 2007.

OPERATIONAL INFORMATION SERVICE 4.3.18 The Association noted with appreciation that operational information was posted on the WMO server (http://www.wmo.int/web/www/ois/ois-home.htm) and was dispatched on a CD-ROM once a year. The Association noted with satisfaction that those arrange-ments had ensured better data reliability, timeliness of distribution, and greater fl exibility for Members using operational information. The Association empha-sized that the overall effi ciency of the Operational Information Service (OIS) was dependent on the

prompt notifi cation of changes and updated infor-mation from NMHSs. It urged NMHSs to ensure that all changes reached WMC/RTH Melbourne (Weather Reporting (WMO-No. 9), Volume C1 — Catalogue of Meteorological Bulletins) and the Secretariat without delay. They would thus benefi t from the improved OIS for access to the up-to-date information required for their operations.

4.4 DATA-PROCESSING AND FORECASTING SYSTEM (agenda item 4.4)

STATUS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GLOBAL DATA-PROCESSING AND FORECASTING SYSTEM

4.4.1 The centres of the Global Data-processing and Forecasting System (GDPFS) in RA V continued to maintain and enhance their operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems as well as special-ized products and services provided by the designated Regional Specialized Meteorological Centres (RSMCs), and contributed to the overall operations of the GDPFS. WMC Melbourne and the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) Specialized Meteorological Centre (ASMC) Singapore were running global models. WMC Melbourne had successfully developed and tested an ensemble prediction system (EPS) and planned to implement it operationally by the end of 2006. In addition, RSMCs with geographical speciali-zation (Darwin, Melbourne, Wellington) provided regional products to assist NMCs in the forecasting of small-, meso- and large-scale weather systems. Several NMCs (Kuala Lumpur, Manila, Singapore, Darwin, Melbourne, Wellington) were running limited area models. WMC Melbourne was producing seasonal to inter-annual forecasts based on ensemble predictions from a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. 4.4.2 GDPFS centres in the Region had made more of their forecast products and/or services available on the Internet to serve various offi ces within their country as well as overseas centres. Australia had a very large list of products available on the Internet for the public and registered users, including dedi-cated web pages for many NMHSs in the Region. ASMC Singapore provided specialized meteorologi-cal services to ASEAN members, particularly in the environmental surveillance of forest fi res and haze in the Region. The ASMC Intranet had been made acces-sible to the public. Users could access daily updates on hotspot distribution and the haze situation in the Region, as determined from satellite remote sensing, as well as other climate-related forecasts and products concerning environmental monitoring on the ASMC Intranet. 4.4.3 Global model outputs from Exeter, Washington, Australia, ECMWF and JMA, available through the GTS, satellite broadcasts and/or the Internet, were being used by various centres within the Region. 4.4.4 WMO had organized the Workshop on Multi-Hazard, Early Warning Centres’ Concept of Operations for the Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System


(Singapore, 21–23 November 2005). The goal had been to benefi t from the wealth of knowledge and experience of its established RSMCs and existing tsunami warning centres to further promote and develop the concept of operations of multi-hazard multi-purpose early warn-ing systems. WMO was working together with the IOC, the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR) and other key partners at the international, regional and national levels to contribute its relevant capabili-ties and existing infrastructure to the development of end-to-end tsunami early warning systems in the Indian Ocean and other regions at risk.

ENSEMBLE PREDICTION SYSTEMS

4.4.5 The products from EPSs were becoming increasingly important in forecasting, although they were currently useful mainly for forecast timescales from medium-range to long-range predictions. A signifi cant application for the Region at that time was in tropical cyclone track prediction where multi-model ensemble predictions were becoming increasingly important. The Association noted that a regional training workshop for RA II and RA V on EPS had been conducted from 18 to 23 April 2005 in Shanghai (China), following one conducted in Brazil in January 2005. An increas-ing quantity of EPS products was being made available from main producing centres. 4.4.6 The WMO standardized verifi cation system for EPS was being implemented by EPS-producing centres. The experimental exchange of verifi cation data had been established by JMA, which had provided a data server and website. Following the thirteenth session of CBS in 2005, statements on the general responsibili-ties of lead centres for the verifi cation of EPS had been added to the Manual on the Global Data-processing and Forecasting System (WMO-No. 485). RSMC Tokyo had been designated as the Lead Centre.

LONG-RANGE FORECASTS

4.4.7 The Association noted that the continued consol-idation of the infrastructure for the supply of products in support of seasonal to inter-annual prediction would have benefi ts for many countries in the Region. The thirteenth session of CBS had established procedures for the designa-tion of Global Producing Centres (GPCs) for long-range forecasts (LRF). Centres seeking such designation commit-ted themselves to making available a minimum list of LRF products, and to providing documentation on their systems, including verifi cation information showing the performance of the hindcast development data sets and ongoing performance. That information allowed users to make an assessment of the expected average skill of the forecast system for their area of interest. The GPCs would make that verifi cation information available through the Lead Centre for the Long Range Forecast Verifi cation System that was operated jointly by WMC Melbourne and RSMC Montreal. It was recommended that the Regional Climate Centre (RCC) nominations be expedited, since GPCs needed to identify their principal users. RCCs and NMCs should provide GPCs with feedback on their LRF products. The Asia-Pacifi c Economic Cooperation (APEC)

Climate Center (APCC), established in the Republic of Korea, intended to develop a well-validated multi-model ensemble system for LRF as a measure for minimizing the impact of natural disasters. The APCC multi-model ensem-ble system was based on the global models developed at different institutes of several APEC Members which had been partially validated in operational programmes of seasonal and climate forecasts; fi fteen different models were being used in the project. The Association noted the value of GPC medium- and long-range predictions of heavy precipitation for NMHS forecasts supporting disas-ter prevention and mitigation. The Association requested the WMO Secretariat to investigate access for Region V Members to additional prediction products, specifi cally medium-range rainfall forecasts and seasonal forecasts, broken down by month.

SEVERE WEATHER FORECASTING DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

4.4.8 The thirteenth session of CBS had acknowl-edged the continuing need to improve severe weather forecasting, and that it would be best to address the matter fi rst within regional associations, taking into account Members’ capabilities and the severe weather issues that needed to be tackled as a priority within different Regions. Two demonstration projects on severe weather forecasting, one on tropical cyclones and another on heavy precipitation and wind storms (not associated with tropical cyclones) were being developed as a concrete contribution of the WWW Programme to the new WMO DPM Programme. Those projects were intended to involve global NWP-producing centres, regional centres, and the NMCs of developing coun-tries as well as disaster management and civil protection authorities. The scope of the project was to evaluate prod-ucts currently available from NWP centres, or products that could be made available from current systems, with the aim of enhancing the effectiveness of the forecast-ing systems of NMHSs in the provision of early warnings of high-impact weather events. General terms for the demonstration projects had been endorsed by the thir-teenth session of CBS. The Steering Group for the Severe Weather Forecasting Demonstration Project, chaired by the chairperson of the Open Programme Area Group (OPAG) on the Data-processing and Forecasting System (DPFS), had been formed to guide in the planning of the Project and had met from 14 to 16 December 2005 in Geneva. Mr I. Shepherd of RSMC Darwin was a member of the Project Steering Group. 4.4.9 The Project Steering Group had established an Overall Project Plan, decided to develop, and then provided input for, a guidebook for the planning of regional subprojects, and developed a list of suitable regional subprojects. In order to assess suitable regional subprojects, the Steering Group clarifi ed further the general terms and criteria for participating centres, and applied the following additional considerations: high likelihood of success (to test the Overall Project Plan); potential for greatest benefi ts; nature of the risk/threat of severe weather; timing of high-risk season relative to the lead time required for planning and implementation;

GENERAL SUMMARY 9

meeting project criteria; actual capacity at participating centres; and costs and availability of funds. From the possible regional subprojects, it decided to recommend one most suitable for implementation in 2006, with a duration of approximately one year, as well as two other next most suitable regional subprojects for considera-tion in 2007, pending the success of the project to be implemented in 2006. 4.4.10 The Project Steering Group had recom-mended a regional subproject in RA V with respect to severe weather associated with tropical cyclones for consideration in 2007.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE ACTIVITIES 4.4.11 RSMC Melbourne, designated for activity specialization in nuclear emergency response, main-tained its operations for the provision of specialized atmospheric transport and dispersion model products under the WMO Regional and Global Arrangements. It had participated in monthly exercises with backup RSMCs (Montreal and Washington) of RA IV, and in the ConvEx-3 (2005) international nuclear emergency exercise in May 2005. Darwin and Wellington were-also designated Volcanic Ash Advisory Centres that provided specialized ash cloud trajectories and disper-sion forecasts for aviation purposes. 4.4.12 RSMC Melbourne had continued to apply specialized numerical modelling tools to support envi-ronmental emergency response such as the regional dispersion of smoke from fi res, ash from volcanic eruptions, and spreading of biological hazards. The present priority for the Emergency Reponse Activities (ERA) Programme was to advance the work on the specialized applications of atmospheric transport and dispersion modelling for non-nuclear applications, focusing initially on chemical accidents and smoke from large fi res (wild-land, oil and chemical fi res).

4.5 TROPICAL CYCLONE PROGRAMME (agenda item 4.5)

4.5.1 The Association expressed its satisfaction with the achievements and further progress being made in the implementation of both the general and regional components of the Tropical Cyclone Programme (TCP) towards the mitigation of tropical cyclone disasters in the Region, especially in association with the ISDR (successor to the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction — IDNDR) and in the context of the sustainable development of SIDS.4.5.2 The Association noted with appreciation the informative report submitted by Mr S.C. Ready (New Zealand), chairperson of the RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee (RA V/TCC) for the South Pacifi c and South-East Indian Ocean. Recognizing the importance of regional cooperation and coordination to establish regionally coordinated early warning systems, the Association commended the Members concerned, the RA V/TCC and the intergovernmental Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacifi c (ESCAP)/WMO Typhoon Committee for their contribution and efforts, particularly towards improving the capability

to provide accurate tropical cyclone forecasts and timely early warning services in Region V.4.5.3 With regard to the report of the eleventh session of the RA V/TCC, which had been held in Adelaide from 4 to 8 May 2006, in association with the fourteenth session of RA V, the Association commended the Members of the RA V/TCC for their formulation of a new technical plan for 2006–2007.4.5.4 The Association expressed its appreciation to Australia, China, the European Union, Japan, New Zealand and the United States for their invaluable contri-butions to the substantial upgrading of the facilities, equipment and staff support to the RSMC Nadi Tropical Cyclone Centre and the National Meteorological or Hydrometeorological Services (NMSs) in the Region. It also thanked the United Kingdom and France for having provided support for upgrading the capabilities of the NMSs in the interests of the Region.4.5.5 In view of the fact that the International Workshops on Tropical Cyclones (IWTCs) served as a forum for the interaction between forecasters and researchers and encouraged the application of research results to operational usage, the Association was pleased to learn that the sixth IWTC would be held in San José (Costa Rica) from 21 to 30 November 2006. The Association underscored the importance of RA V participation in the Workshop and requested that efforts be exerted to support as many RA V fore-casters as possible, including exploring the possibility of fi nancial support from voluntary sources.4.5.6 Recognizing the great importance of the continuing work of the RA V/TCC, the Association decided to re-establish the Committee. Accordingly, Resolution 6 (XIV-RA V) was adopted.4.5.7 The Association decided to keep in force Resolution 10 (X-RA V) — Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan for the South Pacifi c and South-East Indian Ocean, since it was playing an effective role in strengthening the warning services of tropical cyclones in the Region towards the mitigation of tropical cyclone disasters.4.5.8 In view of the vitally important role of the TCP in the ISDR and the sustainable development of SIDS, including specifi cally that under the work of the RA V/TCC and the Typhoon Committee in Region V, the Association decided to continue to give high prior-ity to the TCP in relation to regional priorities in the WMO Long-term Plan (LTP).

5. WORLD CLIMATE PROGRAMME — REGIONAL ASPECTS (agenda item 5)

5.1 CLIMATE PROGRAMME COORDINATION AND SUPPORT ACTIVITIES, INCLUDING THE REPORT OF THE CHAIRPERSON OF THE WORKING GROUP ON CLIMATE-RELATED MATTERS (agenda item 5.1)

WMO RA V WORKING GROUP ON CLIMATE-RELATED MATTERS

5.1.1 The Association noted with appreciation the report of the chairperson of the WMO Region V


Working Group on Climate Matters, Mr J. Weyman (United States). The Working Group had made good progress, and the major results were considered in detail under this and other relevant agenda items of the session.5.1.2 The Association commended the Working Group and the RA V Task Team on the Provision of Seasonal to Inter-annual Forecasts and Regional Climate Services for having defi ned an appropriate mode for delivering RCC functions in the Region. It was noted that NMHSs wanted a clear delinea-tion between RCC services delivered at the regional level and the services delivered by NMHSs at the national and local levels. The Association noted and approved the proposal to further clarify during the intersessional period how RCC functions should be implemented in the Region. The Association learned that Indonesia had proposed the establish-ment of a climate centre in Jakarta and had made presentations regarding the proposed centre at vari-ous regional forums. The Association agreed that, in light of the issues identifi ed above, it was neces-sary to re-establish the RA V Working Group on Climate-related Matters. Accordingly, Resolution 7 (XIV-RA V) was adopted. 5.1.3 The Association noted that, from time to time, there was limited interaction and collaboration among RA V working groups and other organizations dealing with climate matters, and that might lead to a duplication of efforts or different fi ndings. The Association agreed to take steps to improve the exchange of information in that regard in order to address common issues in a more collective, collaborative and effi cient manner.5.1.4 The Association expressed its appreciation for the many climate-related training courses and workshops held in the Region, which included:(a) The WMO Training Seminar in Climate Database

Management for RA V held in Melbourne (Australia) from 29 November to 3 December 2004;

(b) The United States East-West Center, University of the South Pacifi c, and the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) train-ing programme on climate and extreme events held in June 2004 at the University of the South Laucala Campus, Suva;

(c) A series of workshops, conducted within the WMO framework of the Asia-Pacifi c Network for Global Change Research (APN) by the Bureau of Meteorology Research Centre, on homoge-neity testing, calculation of climate indices and regional trends analysis. The workshops led to published papers cited in the preparation of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report;

(d) A series of APN RA V workshops conducted by NIWA on the analysis of the long-term trends and variability, and the introduction of a climate metadata information database;

(e) Several in-country workshops on climate predic-tion services for both NMHSs and users, conducted

by Australia as part of the Pacifi c Islands Climate Prediction Project (PI-CPP);

(f) Training by Météo-France on automatic weather station (AWS) equipment maintenance in French Polynesia, with tentative plans to hold forecaster training in September 2006 in New Caledonia.

5.1.5 The Association noted the ongoing South Pacifi c Sea Level and Climate Monitoring Project (Phase 4), funded by the Australian Government and now managed by BOM. The Project was intended to address concerns raised by the Pacifi c island countries on the impacts of sea level rise and climate changes resulting from global warming. The Association thanked the Bureau for having collected all of the sea level data and conducting monthly quality assurance on those data. The Bureau was continuing to explore ways to make those data more accessible.

STATUS OF THE THIRD EDITION OF THE WMO GUIDE TO CLIMATOLOGICAL PRACTICES (WMO-NO. 100)5.1.6 The Association noted that the Expert Team on the Guide to Climatological Practices had held a meeting in Toulouse (France) from 19 to 23 September 2005. The Association requested the Secretary-General to facilitate the swift completion and distribution of the third edition of the Guide, noting that many RA V Members were in the process of reviewing and, where possible, upgrading their climate networks, for which the Guide would be a valuable reference.

TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON CLIMATE AS A RESOURCE

5.1.7 The Association noted that the Commission for Climatology (CCl) had held its fourteenth session in Beijing (China) from 3 to 10 November 2005. The Association welcomed the organization of the Technical Conference on Climate as a Resource, prior to the fourteenth session of CCl, in Beijing from 1 to 2 November 2005 and noted that more than 122 participants representing NMHSs, universities, international organizations, private sectors and regional institutions from 71 countries had taken part in the two-day conference. The Association expressed its appreciation to Australia, Japan, France and the Organization of the Petrolium Exporting Countries Fund for International Development which had contributed to the Technical Conference and enhanced the participation of delegates from LDCs and developing countries. The Association requested the Secretariat to ensure that practical and well-targeted recommendations were included in the proceedings of the Conference.

INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY FOR DISASTER REDUCTION

5.1.8 The Association noted the importance of the active participation of WCP in the Inter-Agency Task Force on Disaster Reduction and its Working Group on Climate Change and Disaster Risk Reduction. The Working Group had agreed to compile disas-ter risk reduction tools that might be useful within the Region for climate change adaptation. The Association requested that the Secretary-General

GENERAL SUMMARY 11

promote and facilitate an enhanced systematic documentation of all weather- and climate-related natural hazards for risk assessment and other needs, noting that such an effort would be a valuable complement to the documentation of disasters by the disaster community.

UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE

5.1.9 The Association emphasized the need for close collaboration between WMO and its partners working on adaptation to climate change within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), especially the fi ve-year programme of work of the Subsidiary Body for Scientifi c and Technological Advice (SBSTA) on impacts, vulnerability and adapta-tion to climate change. The Association requested that the Secretary-General continue to support NMHSs, especially in developing countries and LDCs, in contributing to national and regional efforts related to adaptation to climate change; to collaborate with other international organizations and United Nations agencies that addressed adaptation to climate change issues; and to conduct side events at meetings of the UNFCCC Parties, jointly with other bodies and programmes as appropriate.

INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE

5.1.10 The Association noted the excellent pres-entation made at the Working Group on Climate Matters meeting by Mr D. Wratt from the NIWA (an active participant in IPCC activities for 16 years) on the background, purpose and structure of IPCC and the involvement of RA V experts in the IPCC Bureau and plenary meetings. He had presented a summary of the Panel’s activities which were mostly focused on the preparation of the Fourth Assessment Report and a summary of the upcoming issues and activities in which RA V Members were taking part. The Association encouraged all Members to be more proactive in IPCC, UNFCCC and other climate-related activities, including providing country review comments on draft reports, and requested WMO to provide RA V Members with the names and addresses of IPCC focal points and the names and addresses of IPCC participants from RA V countries.

UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION

5.1.11 The Association noted WMO activities on desertifi cation and urged the NMHSs of RA V Members to support the implementation of specifi c United Nations Convention to Combat Desertifi cation (UNCCD) activities dealing with issues related to deforestation and general land degradation, including saltwater intrusion and inundation from sea level rise, all of which were areas of particular concern to the Region. The Association noted that WMO, in collab-oration with UNCCD, was planning to organize an international workshop on climate and land degrada-tion later in 2006.

CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY

5.1.12 The Association expressed its apprecia-tion to the Secretary-General for the report on the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), and noted that increasing attention was being paid by the CBD to several important weather- and climate-related issues concerning biological diversity. While biodiver-sity issues generally did not reside within the direct purview of NMHSs, the Association noted that NMHSs could provide signifi cant support to national bio-diversity programmes with respect to the provision of current and potential threats from climate variability and change to fl ora and fauna. Such activities could include the accurate documentation of climate vari-ability and change at the highest space and time scales possible, and support for data collection and archival activities. The Association noted with pleasure the Pacifi c Biodiversity Information Forum, convened in October of 2003 under the auspices of the Biodiversity Task Force of the Pacifi c Science Association. The Forum had developed biodiversity information initia-tives, one of which was a complete, scientifi cally sound Pacifi c knowledge database, electronically accessible to all for decision-making. Its membership included organizations throughout the WMO RA V area.

WORLD CLIMATE IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND RESPONSE STRATEGIES PROGRAMME

5.1.13 The Association recognized the importance of close cooperation between WMO and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) within the World Climate Impact Assessment and Response Strategies Programme (WCIRP). It further noted that the link to the WCIRP web page on the WCP homepage had been activated in a joint activity between the Atmosphere and Desertifi cation Conventions Unit of UNEP and WCP of WMO. The Association urged its Members to explore and recommend practical oppor-tunities for cooperation among NMHSs and national, UNEP-related bodies.

THIRD WORLD CLIMATE CONFERENCE

5.1.14 The Association noted that the fi fty-seventh session of the Executive Council had requested the Secretary-General to establish a provisional organizing committee for the third World Climate Conference. The Association noted that the organizing Committee had held two meetings and would submit its report to the fi fty-eighth session of the Executive Council for further guidance. With clear objectives, deliverables and suffi cient funding, the Association supported the organization of the Conference. To meet funding needs, the Association urged the establishment of a mechanism that would ensure that suffi cient funds were available to hold the Conference and that resource mobilization activities were coordinated.

5.2 WORLD CLIMATE DATA AND MONITORING PROGRAMME (agenda item 5.2)

5.2.1 The Association noted the good progress made in various aspects of World Climate Data and


Monitoring Programme (WCDMP) activities in the Region. Through CCl, experts in the Region had made valuable contributions to the three highest prior-ity projects within the programme: climate system monitoring, data rescue and digitization, and climate database management.5.2.2 The Association noted the urgency associated with each of the projects:(a) Coordinated climate system monitoring was

needed to raise risk awareness, for all time period planning; the Association noted the contribution of RA V Members in providing input to the WMO Statement on the Status of the Global Climate in 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005;

(b) Data rescue activities must prevent the irrevers-ible loss to science and society of historical climate data sets, by helping NMHSs to make computerized records of their own climate data holdings, and to fi nd and record the data held in other data sets;

(c) Support activities in climate database management were urgently needed to ensure that national climate databases could provide the high-quality historical data, including the rescued data, needed for the authoritative climate assessments produced through climate system monitoring.

OBSERVING REQUIREMENTS AND STANDARDS FOR CLIMATE

5.2.3 The Association expressed its appreciation to WCDMP for its efforts with CCl to develop the Guidelines on Climate Observation Networks and Systems (WMO/TD-No. 1185, WCDMP-No. 52). The Guidelines series provided information on how to organize and implement climate services.5.2.4 The Association noted with appreciation the collaboration between WCP and GCOS, funded by the United States, to produce climate reporting software to encode and decode CLIMAT and CLIMAT TEMP messages and requested that training seminars be organized on CLIMAT and CLIMAT TEMP reporting similar to those organized in other Regions.5.2.5 The Association noted that the third International Conference on Experiences with Automatic Weather Stations had been held success-fully in Torremolinos (Spain) in February 2003, and appreciated that Mr N. Plummer from BOM, and as CCl OPAG 1 chairperson, had participated in and contributed to the Conference. It also noted the organ-ization of the fourth Conference to be held in Portugal in May 2006. The Association noted with satisfaction that WCDMP/OPAG 1 had completed and revised a technical document on the decision factors relating to automated versus manual surface meteorological observations. The document would be published and disseminated in the course of 2006 and would help in guiding Members towards optimal decisions in AWS matters.

CLIMATE WATCHES

5.2.6 The Association noted with appreciation the work of the CCl Expert Team to Develop Guidance on

Climate Watches. The Expert Team had held a meeting in Brazil to fi nalize the Guidelines on Climate Watches (WMO/TD-No. 118x, WCDMP-No. 58) and recom-mend its publication in all WMO offi cial languages.5.2.7 The Association concurred with the Expert Team’s conclusions that NMHSs retained exclusive responsibility for the issuance of climate warnings and advisories for their countries and territories, as well as for meteorological warnings.

CLIMATE ANALYSIS AND MONITORING TECHNIQUES (INCLUDING CLIMATE CHANGE DETECTION)5.2.8 The Association expressed its support towards the activities of the CCl/Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) Expert Team on Climate Change Detection, Monitoring and Indices. It noted with appreciation the Expert Team’s plans to develop indices of climate change and variability with empha-sis on daily to seasonal extremes, and standardized software packages; and to study additional indices and their application as input data to models and homo-geneity issues. It urged WMO Members to provide daily data records from all CLIMAT and CLIMAT TEMP stations to the NOAA National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) in order to build the data sets needed for the calculation of indices.5.2.9 The Association endorsed the Expert Team’s intention to provide guidance for NMHSs, to develop software to calculate indices in support of the IPCC process, and to promote the organization of training workshops and the use of results in the WMO World Climate System Monitoring Programme. It noted with appreciation the workshops planned for all WMO Regions to fi ll gaps in the climate data sets.5.2.10 The Association welcomed the various actions undertaken in the Region by the APN and noted with satisfaction the organization of the third Workshop on Climate Variability and Trends in Oceania, held in Auckland (New Zealand) in December 2003, which had made a signifi cant contribution towards providing new methods and techniques for capacity-building, and to develop a database to document and store metadata in Oceanic countries, especially the provision of training and software to participants as a practical step for documenting, understanding, anticipating and responding to climate change and variability in the Region.

CLIMATE SYSTEM MONITORING

5.2.11 The Association noted with satisfaction the signifi cant results that had been achieved in climate system monitoring. The seventh edition of the Global Climate System Review (WMO-No. 950) (June 1996–December 2001), published in 2003, assessed the climate variations across the globe for the entire cycle of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), from neutral conditions through the most intense El Niño event of the twentieth century, to the establishment of La Niña conditions. The WMO Statement on the Status of the Global Climate documented each year’s anomalies and their global impacts.

GENERAL SUMMARY 13

5.2.12 The Association noted with interest the collaboration of a number of the Region’s experts with the NCDC to produce a 2003 and 2004 global climate review, published in the June 2005 issue of the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, and welcomed the fourteenth session of CCl’s recommendation to extend the geographical coverage of the article and to involve WMO in selecting authors from various Regions.5.2.13 The Association was pleased to note that, since 2003, the WMO Statements on the Status of the Global Climate (WMO-No. 966 and WMO-No. 983), were produced in English, French, Russian and Spanish and printed and distributed during World Meteorological Day celebrations.5.2.14 The Association welcomed and praised the high value of the ongoing South Pacifi c Sea Level and Climate Monitoring Project, initiated in response to the concerns of Pacifi c island countries’ leaders over the potential impact of climate change and sea level rise in Pacifi c island countries, as a long-term project which monitored sea level at 11 sites in the Pacifi c. The Association thanked the BOM National Tidal Centre for managing the project under the Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID) project funding (see http://www.pacifi csea-level.org/).5.2.15 The Association appreciated the importance of the issue of monthly climate bulletins such as the Island Climate Update, the South Pacifi c Seasonal Outlook and the Pacifi c ENSO Applications Center (PEAC) Newsletter and, in particular, their timeliness and content and website design. The Association urged the continued production and wide dissemination of those publications. It also noted that the fourteenth session of CCl had requested Members to report signifi cant weather and climate events regularly and promptly as a contribution to the WMO Statement on the Status of the Global Climate.

DATA SETS AND METADATA

5.2.16 The Association noted with satisfaction the contribution of several NMHSs in providing data to the NCDC for the preparation of the 1991–2000 world records series, and thanked the Malaysian NMHS for collecting the data.5.2.17 The Association expressed appreciation for the completion of the Guidelines on Climate Metadata and Homogenization (WMO/TD-No. 1236, WCDMP-No. 53).5.2.18 The Association acknowledged that there had been extensive discussion of automated weather systems in many WMO and non-WMO forums. However, automatic weather system issues, such as the quality of sensors and data collected, climate data continuity, involvement of observers, initial costs and the required maintenance, continued to cause major problems for most of the small Pacifi c island countries. The eleventh Regional Meteorological Service Directors meeting in New Caledonia in July 2006 would hold a workshop on the use of automated weather systems in the Region.

5.2.19 The Association noted that the Geographical Information System (GIS) was becoming more impor-tant to climate-related matters and an excellent way to present graphical data. Disaster management agencies and other sectors were using GIS to correlate data fi elds (location of roads, schools, hospitals, streams, water pipes, electrical lines, and so on), locate possible fl ood areas, determine impacts in fl ooded areas, plot brush fi res, display tropical cyclone forecasts and possible impacts, map areas suitable for different agricultural uses, determine coastal erosion and carry out hazard mapping. The Association expressed its appreciation to the South Pacifi c Applied Geoscience Commission (SOPAC) for having provided map server GIS software to the water resource agencies in eight South Pacifi c countries. It was anticipated that SOPAC would soon receive funding from the European Union’s ninth Economic Development Fund to place map servers in six additional small island countries. NMHSs antici-pated forming partnerships with their national water resource agencies for the use of GIS. The Association expressed its appreciation to WMO for having conducted a roving seminar on GIS in 2000.

DATA RESCUE, DIGITIZATION AND DATA EXCHANGE

5.2.20 The Association expressed its appreciation to Australia, New Zealand and the United States for their efforts in undertaking data rescue activities. Australia was working with six Pacifi c island countries (Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Samoa, Vanuatu, Fiji and Kiribati), and New Zealand, with some fund-ing from the United States, was working with other Pacifi c island countries. The Association noted that there was a long-term sustainability requirement of data rescue efforts, so that problems would not arise again in fi ve to 10 years, and some Members expressed concern regarding data ownership and access after historical data had been digitized. The Association endorsed a recommendation from the RA V Data Management Workshop held in Melbourne (Australia) in November/December 2004 to merge the project(s) for the Archival Climate History Survey Project with those for climate data rescue, and requested the Working Group on Climate-related Matters to follow up on that recommendation.

CLIMATE DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS 5.2.21 The Association noted with satisfaction the progress made in implementing new climate database management systems and appreciated in particular the holding of the RA V Data Management Workshop in Melbourne (Australia) in 2004, and the subse-quent CLIMSOFT Training Workshop for Small Island States in the Pacifi c Region held in Nadi (Fiji) from 19 September to 7 October 2005. The Association expressed its appreciation to the experts from RA I countries for having provided their time and expertise at the CLIMSOFT Workshop, highlighting it as a very successful example of South-South cooperation. It also thanked the United Kingdom for having supported the Fiji Workshop by providing, through the Voluntary


Cooperation Programme (VCP), the funding needed for its organization and the provision of laptops to run the software at participants’ home institutions.5.2.22 The Association was pleased to learn that RA V Members were very active in the data manage-ment area and that most Members had adopted CLIMSOFT as their data management software. The Association appreciated that CLIMSOFT was targeted at small- to medium-scale databases, but could also be scaled upwards and had many advantages for small Pacifi c island countries. In that respect, the Association suggested that Members consider adopting CLIMSOFT and welcomed the offer made by Australia and New Zealand to provide support with the installation and maintenance of the software in the Region. 5.2.23 The Association noted with appreciation the accomplishment of the WCDMP Guidelines on Climate Database Management and looked forward to its publication and dissemination to Members.

5.3 WORLD CLIMATE APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES PROGRAMME, INCLUDING CLIMATE INFORMATION AND PREDICTION SERVICES IN REGION V (agenda item 5.3)

5.3.1 The Association noted the ongoing support provided by the World Climate Applications and Services Programme (WCASP) and the Climate Information and Prediction Services (CLIPS) to further enhance the development and application of climate information and prediction services within the Region through the work of the Executive Council and technical commissions, in particular CCl, and noted the active participation of its Members in the work of the Commission during the thirteenth intersessional period. 5.3.2 The Association noted the excellent response of Members of the Association to general summary para-graph 5.3.3 of the Abridged Final Report with Resolutions of the Thirteenth Session of Regional Association V (South-West Pacifi c) (WMO-No. 944), in quickly appointing national CLIPS Focal Points within Members’ Services to further the development of the CLIPS concept and to enhance coordination of climate information and services within the Region. Noting the importance of the global network of CLIPS Focal Points for sharing information and developing skills, Members agreed to continue to support and develop their CLIPS activi-ties. Members urged WMO to investigate the training needs of the Region for CLIPS activities. 5.3.3 The Association noted the work of the RA V Task Team on the Provision of Seasonal to Inter-annual Forecasts and Regional Climate Services, and the leadership demonstrated by the co-chairpersons. The Association agreed to not replace Resolution 6 (XIII-RA V), which was no longer in force. The Association further noted that the RA V Working Group on Climate Matters had met in Singapore from 7 to 10 February 2006. 5.3.4 The Association noted the ongoing support of Australia, France, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States for the preparation

and publication of the regular WMO El Niño and La Niña Updates, and urged continued support for that important initiative. 5.3.5 The Association noted the progress achieved in the implementation of the Island Climate Update (ICU), which was coordinated and funded by New Zealand. It urged Pacifi c islands’ and terri-tories’ NMHSs, France, the United States, Australia, regional and international partners, such as SOPAC, the Secretariat of the Pacifi c Regional Environment Programme (SPREP), the International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI) and other GPCs to continue to support and improve the ICU, which had led to signifi cant progress in providing climate information and prediction services to small islands in the South-West Pacifi c. 5.3.6 Furthermore, the Association noted the activ-ities of PEAC in Hawaii, in terms of the production of the PEAC quarterly Pacifi c ENSO Update, which provided seasonal climate forecasts and other climate services for United States-affi liated Pacifi c islands and territories and urged the United States to continue to support those activities.5.3.7 The Association noted that at that time there was a great deal of activity in the areas of climate infor-mation and prediction services including the WMO CLIPS project; the Australian PI-CPP; the Pacifi c Islands GCOS (PI-GCOS); the New Zealand led-ICU; PEAC of the United States; monthly climate forecast coordi-nation teleconferences led by NIWA and involving BOM, NOAA in Honolulu, NOAA’s Climate Prediction Center (CPC), the IRI, Fiji, French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Samoa and others. Because of those activi-ties, the climate information and prediction services in the RA V area had improved and continued to make progress.5.3.8 The Association noted that, in 2005, the CCl OPAG 3 on CLIPS had established a new Expert Team on El Niño and La Niña that was chaired by Mr L. Maitrepierre (New Caledonia). Other RA V Members of that Expert Team were from Fiji, New Zealand and the United States.5.3.9 The Association noted that some RA V NMHSs were tailoring climate products and information to the specifi c needs of their national customers; briefi ng their national customers on large-scale current condi-tions, expected outlooks and predictions; providing information on climate change and its impacts and on greenhouse gases, renewable energy, air quality, sea level rise, impacts on health, and so forth; and participating in the monthly Pacifi c climate coordina-tion teleconferences led by NIWA with BOM, NOAA in Honolulu, NOAA CPC, IRI, French Polynesia, Fiji, Samoa and other South Pacifi c island countries. The Association urged the continuation of that coordi-nation because it assisted in resolving differences in climate forecasts for the Pacifi c. 5.3.10 The Association noted that Indonesia had recently developed a climate forecast application programme which included a dissemination activ-ity called the Climate Field School. The programme

GENERAL SUMMARY 15

was aimed at providing client-oriented climate infor-mation services on district/local scales. A number of international institutions such as the Asian Disaster Preparedness Center, IRI and others had already committed themselves to getting involved in the programme. The Association noted with appreciation that Indonesia welcomed the involvement of partici-pants from RA V Member countries in training as well as in sharing their experiences of various aspects related to climate forecast dissemination for relevant applica-tions within the framework of the programme.5.3.11 The Association noted the successful comple-tion of the fi rst phase of the AusAID/BOM PI-CPP under the Australian–United States Climate Action Partnership. The project, together with other similar but complementary regional climate projects in the South-West Pacifi c region, such as the PEAC quar-terly Pacifi c ENSO Update and the ICU, had greatly enhanced the capability in the Region to manage risks in climate-sensitive sectors such as agriculture, fi sher-ies, water resources, energy, tourism, health and the environment; to preserve and digitize historical mete-orological records; and to deliver climate information and prediction services to users through strengthening the in-country modelling capability of NMHSs. The Association was pleased that the AusAID/BOM Project would have a second phase and urged RA V Members and relevant development and regional partners to provide the necessary fi nancial resources required for the continuation of the project. 5.3.12 The Association endorsed the decisions made by CCl at its fourteenth session, held from 3 to 10 November 2005 in Beijing (China), including the appointment of Australia as a regional member of the CCl Management Group, and the division of the former OPAG 3 on Climate Applications, Information and Prediction Services into a new OPAG 3 on CLIPS, and a new OPAG 4 on Climate Applications and Services. The new OPAG 3 would assist Members in further identifying/prioritizing research needs for climate prediction, in developing best practices for operational climate services, understanding and communicating on El Niño and La Niña and in liais-ing with the Commission for Hydrology (CHy) and the Commission for Agricultural Meteorology (CAgM) on water- and agriculture-related matters. The new OPAG 4 would focus on applications and services for the health, energy and tourism sectors, and for urban and building climatology. The Association noted that experts from Australia, Fiji, France, New Caledonia, New Zealand and the United States had been selected to serve under various OPAGs and expert teams under the new CCl structure, and urged other Members to participate in the work of the Commission, if requested. Noting the importance of CLIPS as one of the main vehicles in the integration of all aspects of climate, from observations to long-range predic-tions and research into an end-to-end concept, the Association urged that all WMO expert teams and the regional Members and agencies work closely together to improve coordination and cooperation.

5.3.13 The Association further noted that some Members of the Association were not yet members of CCl, and urged non-members to join the Commission.5.3.14 The Association commended the leading role that Australia was playing in supporting and organizing the WMO Conference on Living with Climate Variability and Change: Understanding the Uncertainties and Managing the Risks, to be held in Espoo (Finland) from 17 to 21 July 2006. The Conference would contribute to the establishment of an operable agenda for adaptation to climate variabil-ity and change.

5.4 GLOBAL CLIMATE OBSERVING SYSTEM (agenda item 5.4)

5.4.1 The Association welcomed the completion, under GCOS leadership, of the Second Report on the Adequacy of the Global Observing Systems for Climate in Support of the UNFCCC (WMO/TD-No. 1143, GCOS-82) (April 2003) and the subsequent Implementation Plan for the Global Observing System for Climate in Support of the UNFCCC (WMO/TD-No. 1219, GCOS-92) (October 2004). It noted that those publications had been devel-oped in collaboration with the broad climate science community and with other observing system initia-tives such as the recently established Group on Earth Observations (GEO). The Association encouraged Members to implement the actions recommended in the Plan to the greatest extent possible.5.4.2 The Association welcomed the decisions adopted by the UNFCCC Conference of the Parties (COP) and its SBSTA in support of global observing systems for climate, particularly those related to the Second Adequacy Report and the Implementation Plan. It noted that the COP had invited GCOS to provide future sessions with information on how the actions identifi ed in the Plan were being implemented, and that ensuring such implementation was a major priority for GCOS in the coming years. The Association noted that the most recent session of SBSTA (SBSTA-23, Montreal, November/December 2005) had endorsed a number of action proposals concerning GCOS and its partners that would drive much of the GCOS agenda in the immediate future.5.4.3 The Association welcomed the progress made by the GCOS Regional Workshop Programme, launched in 2000 following the request made by the COP in decision 5/CP.5. It recalled that the fi rst regional workshop for the member states of the Pacifi c islands had been hosted by SPREP in Samoa in August 2000, and had led to the development of the Pacifi c Island GCOS Action Plan and the establish-ment of the PI-GCOS in the Region. The Association expressed its appreciation to SPREP for hosting the PI-GCOS programme, to the primary RA V PI-GCOS sponsors from Australia, New Zealand and the United States, and to the other Pacifi c island Members for enthusiastically embracing the programme. The Association encouraged Members to continue their support for PI-GCOS and the implementation of the


Action Plan. The Association also noted the GCOS Regional Workshop for East and South-East Asia held in Singapore in September 2002 which had produced a Regional Action Plan available on the WMO GCOS website.5.4.4 The Association welcomed the improving performance of the GCOS Surface Network (GSN) and the GCOS Upper-Air Network (GUAN) in the Region and expressed its appreciation to the Members involved. It noted that nearly 80 per cent of expected GSN reports were now being received via the GTS, and that historical data for most of the stations were now available in the GCOS archive. The Association also noted the improvements in GUAN station perform-ance in the Region, due in large part to the efforts being carried out under the PI-GCOS and United States GCOS programmes, and urged Members to continue their efforts to improve both GSN and GUAN station performance.5.4.5 The Association was informed that a procedure existed for countries to propose changes to the GSN and GUAN station confi gurations which was determined by the Atmospheric Observation Panel for Climate (AOPC). In that regard, the Association was informed that if a WMO Member wished to request changing or adding a GSN or GUAN station, it needed to send a request to the GCOS Secretariat at WMO detailing the proposed changes to the GCOS station confi guration. The requests were then sent to AOPC for consideration by its Advisory Group on GSN/GUAN. Realizing that that procedure was not available to many Members, the Association requested the GCOS Secretariat to advertise it more effectively among Members. The AOPC selected GCOS network sites on the basis of a number of scientifi c requirements, including geographic spacing, and on the availability, extent and quality of the station’s historical data. 5.4.6 The Association noted with appreciation that BOM had agreed to become a CBS Lead Centre for GCOS data for the South-West Pacifi c region, thereby joining the Islamic Republic of Iran Meteorological Organization, the Direction de la Météorologie Nationale of Morocco, JMA and the United States NCDC in performing that vital activity to assist in improv-ing the overall performance of the GSN and GUAN networks. It noted that additional Lead Centres were being sought for other regions to reduce the burden on individual centres to improve the performance of the GCOS Surface and Upper-Air Networks on the global scale.5.4.7 The Association highly commended its Members, in particular small island States, for their dedication to climate observations, and noted with satisfaction that the GCOS partnership had been very successful in the region, with a number of GCOS projects being well implemented. The Association also noted that GCOS would be a major contribution to GEOSS. 5.4.8 The Association welcomed the establish-ment of the GCOS Cooperation Mechanism, aimed at

addressing priority improvements in observing systems for climate, especially in developing countries.

5.5 WORLD CLIMATE RESEARCH PROGRAMME (agenda item 5.5)

5.5.1 The Association was informed of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) activities carried out during the intersessional period. It acknowledged with appreciation that signifi cant progress had been achieved not only in global issues but also in regional studies of importance to the Association, such as the ozone hole in the Southern hemisphere, seasonal predictability of precipitation over the maritime continent, and operational implementation of long-term El Niño forecasting. The Association agreed that, in the 25 years since it had been established, WCRP had made fundamental contributions to the scientifi c understanding of the physical climate system and climate processes needed to determine to what extent climate could be predicted and the extent of human infl uence on climate. The Association was informed of and endorsed the new WCRP Strategic Framework for 2005–2015: the Coordinated Observation and Prediction of the Earth System (COPES), and its aim to facilitate analysis and prediction of Earth system vari-ability and change for use in an increasing range of practical applications of direct relevance, benefi t and value to society. The Association was pleased to note that WCRP’s new Strategic Framework proposed close collaboration with the Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX). The proposed collaboration on the phenomenon of tropical convec-tive organization affecting one- to two-week weather prediction (e.g. the Madden-Julian Oscillation, diur-nal cycle of convection) was of particular interest to the Region. The Association was also pleased to note the joint efforts of WCRP and THORPEX to prepare a joint white paper on the great challenge of establish-ing a multinational coordinated research initiative to develop next-generation unifi ed models for the predic-tion of weather and climate. 5.5.2 The Association was pleased to note that its Members continued to participate actively in all components of WCRP, including observational projects, and process and modelling studies. Of special interest to the Region was research on monsoons in the Asian-Australian sector, commencement of the Murray-Darling Basin Water Budget Project as one of the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Continental-Scale Experiments, and the Stratospheric Processes and their Role in Climate (SPARC) Darwin Area Wave Experiment.

6. ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH AND ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME — REGIONAL ASPECTS (agenda item 6)

6.0 The Association noted the activities that had taken place within the Atmospheric Research and Environment Programme (AREP) over the past four years, and that its Members had played an active part in many of them.

GENERAL SUMMARY 17

6.1 GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE WATCH, INCLUDING SUPPORT TO OZONE AND OTHER ENVIRONMENT-ORIENTED CONVENTIONS (agenda item 6.1)

6.1.1 The Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) programme focused on the role of atmospheric chem-istry in global change. Its mission was threefold: (a) the systematic monitoring of atmospheric chemical composition and related physical parameters on a global to regional scale; (b) analysis and assessment in support of environmental conventions and future policy development; and (c) the development of a predictive capability for future atmospheric states. The Association thanked the 14 countries that, according to the GAW Station Information System (GAWSIS), main-tained 55 air chemistry observatories including four GAW global stations in the Region. The Association congratulated Australia on the thirtieth anniversary of the GAW global observatory at Cape Grim and the outstanding scientifi c contribution made in docu-menting and understanding atmospheric composition changes in the Southern hemisphere. It also thanked Malaysia for the establishment of the twenty-fourth GAW global observatory at Danum Valley. Members were asked to verify and regularly update the descrip-tive information on their GAW monitoring activities described in GAWSIS (www.wmo.ch/web/arep/gaw/gaw_home.html).6.1.2 The Association expressed its satisfaction with the thorough and comprehensive report of its Atmospheric Ozone Rapporteur, Mr A. Downey, and accepted the recommendation that WMO continue to support intercomparisons between the WMO standard Dobson and Brewer instruments and new instruments under development. The Association also encouraged Members with such instruments to partic-ipate in the intercomparison activities. Consistent with the recommendations of the fourteenth session of the Commission for Atmospheric Sciences (CAS) (see the Abridged Final Report with Resolutions and Recommendations of the Fourteenth Session of the Commission for Atmospheric Sciences (WMO-No. 1002), general summary paragraph 12.10), the Association appointed a single rapporteur to cover all of the GAW programme activities (including ozone) in the Region and to report to the chairperson of the CAS OPAG on Environmental Pollution and Atmospheric Chemistry. The Association adopted Resolution 8 (XIV-RA V). 6.1.3 The Association noted that its Members had participated actively in the GAW 2005 Workshop held in March 2005 at WMO Headquarters in Geneva. Eighty-three representatives from 23 countries had met to present their activities, exchange experience, learn how participation in GAW could assist them, hear about and meet representatives of 13 GAW partner programmes (e.g. GCOS, the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP), the Cooperative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-range Transmission of Air Pollutants in Europe (EMEP), SPARC) and suggest ways to develop and improve GAW. The report highlighted Members’

activities and was published on the GAW website (WMO/TD-No. 1302, GAW-165) together with all the presentations given. The Association agreed that such a quadrennial meeting was of benefi t to GAW and recommended that the Region V GAW Rapporteur play an active role in assisting the Secretariat to include regional activities. In that regard, the Association expressed its appreciation to its Rapporteur on the Global Atmosphere Watch, Mr H. Haryanto (Indonesia), for a thorough and comprehensive report on GAW activities in the Region.6.1.4 The Association noted the emphasis that GAW placed on calibration and quality assurance as a key product and service. Countries outside the Region which maintained Central Calibration Laboratories hosting GAW world reference standards for greenhouse gases (United States/NOAA), ozone (Canada, United States, Germany and the Russian Federation) and optical depth/radiation (Switzerland) were thanked for their assistance to Members within the Region. Furthermore, GAW calibration centres in Japan and Australia were acknowledged for their quality assur-ance assistance. The Association thanked the RIC in Melbourne (Australia) for having hosted the Region V Dobson ozone spectrophotometer intercomparison in January/February 2006. That was an important contri-bution to the maintenance of data quality, which was needed for ozone trend studies and for verifying the effectiveness of halocarbon emission controls enacted under the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer.6.1.5 Recognizing the importance of aerosol observations to climate, weather and water resource issues, the Association urged Members of the Region to support the GAW aerosol monitoring programme and its World Optical Depth Research and Calibration Centre in Switzerland in developing a central calibration facility for a global aerosol optical depth network to complement those already existing for ozone and greenhouse gases. Members of the Region had participated in the WMO/GAW Experts Workshop on a Global Surface-based Network for Long-term Observations of Column Aerosol Optical Properties from 8 to 10 March 2004 in Davos (Switzerland) (WMO/TD-No. 1287, GAW-162), which had laid the ground work for a WMO coordinated global network of aerosol observations needed for a better understanding of weather, climate change and the effects of pollution on precipitation. The Association thanked the WMO GAW for the ESCAP/WMO project on regional haze: Support to the Implementation of the Regional Haze Action Plan of ASEAN Member Countries. Within the project, instruments for aerosol measurements had been obtained with the funding kindly provided by Australia. The instruments had been placed in Malaysia and Indonesia close to the sources and at locations suitable for studying the impacts of regionally dispersed smoke. The project included a study on the modelling of aerosol transport within the 1997–1998 South-East Asian haze event region as well as its aftermath. It also


served to strengthen the ASMC’s capacities in terms of modelling activities in the Region.6.1.6 There were at that time fi ve GAW World Data Centres (WDCs), one each for greenhouse gases (Japan), total ozone and ultraviolet (UV) (Canada), aerosols (European Commission, Italy), precipitation chemistry (United States) and solar radiation (Russian Federation). Since 2002, manag-ers of WDCs and the head of GAWSIS had met twice to coordinate and harmonize their work, including in the area of common formats for input and output data, data storage software and hardware, data duplication between the data centres, quality assur-ance/fl agging methods, data distribution and user access. The Association encouraged its Members to work with the WDCs to promptly submit new obser-vations, and to consider improvements to quality assurance/fl agging methods. It noted that an essen-tial part of any data submission was calibration information linking the observations to the WMO World Reference Standard. 6.1.7 The Association emphasized that the training and education needs in developing coun-tries should continue to be a high priority for the GAW programme. In that connection, many GAW centres and collaborating national organiza-tions were commended for their substantial efforts in providing training to GAW station personnel from developing countries. Particular appreciation was expressed to the Government of Germany for having established the GAW Training and Education Centre (GAWTEC), and to WMO for having included 15 people from the Region in its two-week techni-cal training courses. In addition, the Association noted that Member training sessions had been organized at GAW collaborating centres such as the NOAA/Global Monitoring Division (United States), the Solar and Ozone Observatory (Czech Republic), the Meteorological Service of Canada, JMA and the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research. The Australian Bureau of Meteorology Training Centre had been a key element of the ESCAP/WMO project on regional haze. A technical workshop for aerosol measurements had been held in Kuala Lumpur and training had also provided in Australia. 6.1.8 The Association noted that there was an ongoing initiative conducted by the GAW Precipitation Chemistry Programme to establish a partnership with the regional precipitation chemistry network, namely the Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia of which the RA V countries Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines were members. The initiative had been established in order to improve GAW geographical data coverage and to provide products to validate atmospheric chemical transport models and to assess impacts of precipitation chemistry. Members also encouraged that partnership and urged GAW station managers to consult with modellers in order to identify which measurements were most urgently required for model validation.

6.2 WORLD WEATHER RESEARCH PROGRAMME, INCLUDING THORPEX (agenda item 6.2)

6.2.1 The Association noted with satisfaction the high level of interest shown by its Members in the activities of the World Weather Research Programme (WWRP). Members in the Region had hosted and participated in meetings and workshops organized under WWRP. Members were urged to continue their support to the Programme and CBS.6.2.2 The Association noted with satisfaction the great interest of its Members in the new WWRP compo-nent programme THORPEX: Global Atmospheric Research Programme, established by Congress in May 2003. THORPEX was led by the CAS International Core Steering Committee (ICSC) in cooperation with the CAS Joint Scientifi c Committee for WWRP, the joint JSC/CAS Working Group on Numerical Experimentation and CBS.6.2.3 The Association noted with appreciation that in 2003 the THORPEX International Science Plan had been prepared, and the International Implementation Plan had been developed (detailed information is published on the website: www.wmo.int/thorpex) with contributions from the Region and in collaboration with the WWW, WCRP, the WMO Space Programme, as well as other relevant WMO Programmes and international organizations and in connection with GEO and International Polar Year initiatives. The Association urged Members to favour the engagement of NMHSs (operational forecast and research entities and consumers of their products and services) and national academic institutions in THORPEX research, experiments and demonstration projects and especially welcomed the involvement of developing countries.6.2.4 The Association further noted that the THORPEX International Programme Offi ce (IPO) had been established at the WMO Secretariat, as well as the THORPEX Trust Fund to support the offi ce and programme activities. The Association urged all Members to take an active part in the implementation of THORPEX and to support the IPO.6.2.5 The THORPEX Planning Meeting for Southern Hemisphere countries had been organ-ized from 28 to 29 November 2005 in Melbourne (Australia), and more than 20 scientists had partici-pated in the meeting who had come from Australia, New Zealand, the Cook Islands, Brazil, Chile, South Africa, as well as Canada, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States.6.2.6 The Southern Hemisphere Science Plan for THORPEX, developed with contributions from Australia, New Zealand, South America, South Africa and the Pacifi c islands, had been discussed and fi nalized. 6.2.7 The WWRP/THORPEX Scientifi c Conference on Improving the Global Predictability of High Impact Weather, held in Cape Town (South Africa) from 13 to 15 February 2006, had concluded with an agree-ment on the formation of the Southern Hemisphere Regional Committee.

GENERAL SUMMARY 19

6.2.8 The Association noted that the second THORPEX International Science Symposium would be held in Germany in December 2006.6.2.9 Recognizing the importance and benefi ts of THORPEX research to all Members of the Region, the Association agreed to establish and appoint a Rapporteur on WWRP-THORPEX and adopted Resolution 9 (XIV-RA V).

6.3 TROPICAL METEOROLOGY RESEARCH PROGRAMME (agenda item 6.3)

6.3.1 Members of the Association continued to show great interest in activities related to the development of the Tropical Meteorology Research Programme (TMRP). Australia had successfully hosted the fi fth IWTC and the WMO/TMRP International Workshop on Tropical and Extra-tropical Interactions, incorporating the third International Workshop on Extra-tropical Transition (IWET), in December 2002 and December 2005, respectively. The Association urged its Members and all concerned to endeavour to implement the recommendations made by those workshops relevant to their activities. 6.3.2 The Association recognized that great challenges existed for improving the prediction of tropical cyclone landfall, and welcomed the proposal of Members in the Region concerning the development of an advanced tropical cyclone early warning system for the Philippines, as well as the efforts of the WMO/TMRP International Workshop on Tropical and Extra-tropical Interactions, incorporating the third IWET, to develop a scientifi c plan, which would focus on the extra-tropical transition of tropical cyclones in conjunc-tion with the Pacifi c THORPEX Regional Campaign and the International Polar Year during 2008. Those proposed projects would contribute to further improv-ing safety and to reducing the economic losses of countries affected by landfalling tropical cyclones. The Association urged its Members to participate in and contribute to the further planning and implementa-tion of those projects. The Association also encouraged members to support and keep abreast of research on the possible increase in frequency and strength of the most intense tropical cyclones as a result of climate change.6.3.3 Members of the Association also noted with appreciation the monsoon-related activities being carried out under TMRP. The Association expressed its appreciation to the People’s Republic of China for having hosted the seventh WMO Regional Workshop on Asian/African Monsoon Emphasizing Training Aspects in Nanjing from 26 to 30 October 2004, as well as the third International Workshop on Monsoons (IWM) in Hangzhou from 2 to 6 November 2004. The Association also expressed its appreciation to Malaysia for having co-sponsored, with the International Panel on the East Asian Monsoon, the Symposium on Asian Winter Monsoon, held in Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia) from 4 to 7 April 2006. The Association also noted with pleasure the publication of the outcome of the third IWM, which was a very useful reference for meteorologists in the Region.

6.4 PROGRAMME ON PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF CLOUDS AND WEATHER MODIFICATION RESEARCH (agenda item 6.4)

6.4.1 The Association noted the outcomes of the twenty-fi rst session of the CAS Working Group on Physics and Chemistry of Clouds and Weather Modifi cation Research, held in May 2005 in Geneva. The Working Group had reviewed the relevant docu-ments, namely the WMO Statement on Weather Modifi cation and the WMO Guidelines for the Planning of Weather Modifi cation Activities, and had also produced the Executive Summary of the WMO Statement on Weather Modifi cation. As stated in the documents, the understanding of storm processes was not yet suffi cient to predict with enough confi -dence the effects of seeding on clouds. However, new approaches, such as using advanced models, sophisti-cated measurement techniques, new experiments on storm/cloud processes and evolution of precipitation, could bring advances in hail suppression and precipi-tation enhancement operations. The Association appreciated the active participation of the RA V repre-sentative in the Working Group. 6.4.2 The Association noted with interest the outcomes of several meetings, workshops and confer-ences within the Programme in support of studying the physics and chemistry of clouds and relevant appli-cations in weather modifi cation, parameterization in weather forecasting models and better understanding of the impacts of clouds on climate.6.4.3 The Association noted the establishment of the WMO/International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics Science Assessment of Aerosol Effects on Precipitation and the International Aerosol- Precipitation Science Assessment Group. At its meeting in November 2005, the Group had worked on fi naliz-ing a peer-reviewed assessment report to be published by 2007. 6.4.4 The Association noted that the ninth Scientifi c Conference on Weather Modifi cation would be held in Turkey by 2007.

7. APPLICATIONS OF METEOROLOGY PROGRAMME — REGIONAL ASPECTS(agenda item 7)

7.1 PUBLIC WEATHER SERVICES PROGRAMME (agenda item 7.1)

7.1.1 The Association reiterated that the end result of the provision of public weather services (PWS) to the national community must be that of enhanced public safety and welfare. It highlighted the PWS Programme’s role in assisting Members to effectively deliver quality products to ensure the protection of life and people’s livelihood and contribute to sustain-able development. In that connection, the Association noted that the Programme’s activities in terms of capacity-building, coordination with the media and emergency managers, user focus, performance evaluation, keeping abreast of new technology and improving products and services were in keeping with


the recommendations of the thirteenth session of RA V and the priorities identifi ed by the Region.7.1.2 The Association recognized that the effec-tive application of PWS to mitigate natural disasters presented many opportunities and challenges in taking advantage of technology and meeting rising community expectations. A particular challenge for WMO Members was to ensure that all the relevant meteorological and related information was provided in a way that enabled informed decisions and actions. The Association agreed that NMHSs needed to create better public awareness of natural hazards and the asso-ciated risks. In that way, NMHSs could move beyond providing early warnings of hazards to ensuring that the risks to society and the environment were better understood. The Association also encouraged NMHSs to cooperate more closely with high-level decision makers in government, civil defence bodies and the media emphasize the value of warnings, to enhance the effectiveness of and support for their efforts in PWS, and to help emphasize principles such as the need for a single authoritative voice for public warn-ings. In that regard, the Association requested that the PWS Programme continue its strategy of conducting training activities, transferring knowledge, applying technology and publishing guidelines on topics related to NMHSs’ service delivery role. The Association asked the Secretary-General to give consideration to the translation of those guidelines into other languages to allow them to be used more widely by all Members. The Association also asked the Secretary-General to hold regional training workshops on PWS in support of disaster prevention and mitigation as part of the strategy to assist Members in the all-round effort to minimize the adverse effects of severe and high-impact weather events. 7.1.3 The Association noted with satisfaction the success and popularity among the public and WMO Members of the World Weather Information Service (WWIS) and the Severe Weather Information Centre (SWIC) websites. By December 2005, WWIS had carried forecasts for 1 076 cities from 1 110 Members, includ-ing 17 from RA V, and climatological information for 1 112 cities from 157 Members. In addition to English, the WWIS website existed in Arabic, Chinese and Portuguese, with the recent addition of a French version for operational trial. Plans were under way for a Spanish version in the near future. The Association further noted that, with the agreement of the thirteenth session of CBS, the WWIS and SWIC websites had moved from a pilot to operational phase and had become an operational component of the PWS Programme, to be maintained by the current WWIS and SWIC host Members, namely China; Hong Kong, China; Macao, China and Oman. The SWIC website provided a centralized source for media access to offi cial tropical cyclone warnings and information issued by NMSs. The project had global coverage with 20 participating NMSs, including nine from RA V, and had expanded to include information on rainstorms and heavy snowfall from all Regions. The Association urged its Members to continue to contribute

information for more cities to be posted on the WWIS website in order to increase its usefulness to the general public and other users, and to actively participate in the WWIS and SWIC websites.7.1.4 The Association welcomed the formation of the Expert Group on Public Education and Outreach under the PWS Programme with the aim of increasing the public’s understanding of the usefulness and limita-tions of weather forecasts and the impact of a particular hazard or series of hazards. Experts from NMHSs and the wider community were working to provide a collec-tion of existing education and public outreach materials from NMHSs in countries affected by natural hazards, which already produced such materials. Based on the existing materials, the experts would prepare for distri-bution by WMO a set of generic educational materials to address decision-making authorities and the general public which could be adapted to different languages and cultures in different WMO Regions. The Association requested that the results of the work of the Expert Group be made widely available to NMHSs in the Region.7.1.5 The Association noted that, through CBS, a liaison had been established between THORPEX and the PWS Programme, and that the PWS Programme would closely collaborate with THORPEX in its social and economic applications tasks. In line with encouraging NMHSs to focus on the fundamental principles of PWS in contributing to the safety of life and poverty alleviation through reducing the effects of severe and high-impact weather on society, as given in the 6LTP, the Association welcomed the formation of the Task Force on Socio-Economic Applications of Public Weather Services to specifi cally assist Members in the evaluation and demonstration of the social, environmental and economic benefi ts of their PWS to various user sectors in society through the preparation of methods and guidance material. The Association was pleased that experts from RA V were contributing to the work of the Task Force and requested that the outcome of the Task Force’s work be shared with the NMHSs of all Members in the Region. The Association expressed satisfaction that the establishment of the Task Force had been timely in order to contribute to the organization by WMO of the International Conference on Secure and Sustainable Living: Social and Economic Benefi ts of Weather, Climate and Water Services, to be held in March 2007.7.1.6 The Association noted the importance of the verifi cation of warnings and forecasts as well as service evaluation, noting that user-based service assessment was required as input to product/service upgrades and the development of new products and services. In that regard, the Association encouraged its Members to develop and implement verifi cation schemes and to use verifi cation statistics to help improve the qual-ity of forecasts. It requested the Secretary-General to continue to provide assistance in that area to those Members requiring such assistance.7.1.7 The Association expressed its apprecia-tion to Australia and Brunei Darussalam for having hosted the following events: the biennial PWS

GENERAL SUMMARY 21

training workshops for Southern hemisphere SIDS, held for Members from RA V and RA I at BOM head-quarters in Melbourne in 2002 and 2005, respectively; and the RA V/RA II Regional Training Seminar on Data Processing and Forecasting Systems in Improvement of Public Weather Services, held in Brunei Darussalam for the staff of NMSs from RA V and RA II in September 2003. The Association requested the Secretary-General to continue to organize similar training events in the Region in the future. 7.1.8 The Association stressed that the provision of high-quality PWS was a fundamental function of NMSs and, in order to satisfy the growing public demand for more relevant, timely and accurate prod-ucts and services, requested that the future work of the PWS Programme focus on the following:(a) Building capacity and transferring knowledge and

technology;(b) Applying new technology and research in NMHS

systems and operations;(c) Increasing the adoption of verifi cation and user-

based service assessment;(d) Raising the level of public awareness, understand-

ing and response to weather warnings as part of natural disaster mitigation and reduction efforts;

(e) Improving relationships and coordination with emergency management bodies and the media;

(f) Promoting and enhancing the cross-border exchange of warnings;

(g) Assisting NMHSs to fully exploit and appraise the benefi ts of weather, water and climate information in different user sectors, such as agriculture, water resources, health, energy and risk management;

(h) Promoting awareness of the impact of high-quality, well-delivered PWS on the image and visibility of NMSs;

(i) Improving the use of offi cial and consistent information, facilitating the international exchange of public weather products and making weather information available on the Internet.

7.2 AGRICULTURAL METEOROLOGY PROGRAMME, INCLUDING THE REPORT OF THE CHAIRPERSON OF THE WORKING GROUP ON AGRICULTURAL METEOROLOGY (agenda item 7.2)

7.2.1 The Association noted the Progress/Activity Report on the implementation of the Agricultural Meteorology Programme (AgMP) and decided as follows:(a) As regards institutional support to AgMP, the

Association requested the Secretary-General to provide support for the meeting of the RA V Working Group on Agricultural Meteorology so that the priority issues of promoting sustain-able agriculture in the region could be properly addressed;

(b) As regards the Inter-Regional Workshop on Strengthening Operational Agrometeorological Services at the National Level, which had been held from 22 to 26 March 2004 in Manila (Philippines), the Association:

(i) Supported the initiative taken to organ-ize the workshop in collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA);

(ii) Supported the publication of the proceed-ings of the Workshop jointly with the United States Department of Agriculture, FAO and PAGASA and its wider dissemina-tion to all Members;

(iii) Supported the recommendations of the Workshop that:a. A coordinated and integrated national

agricultural weather policy was needed to ensure that operational services to agriculture and food security were met;

b. The generation and application of climate information should be promoted by increasing policymakers’ awareness and understanding of its importance for sustainable development from national to local levels;

c. In an era of decreasing public resources, agricultural meteorologists needed to actively publicize their efforts and successful endeavours, including an assessment of economic benefi ts, if possible;

d. There was a need for routine interaction between agrometeorologists, agricul-tural extension services and other intermediaries to provide better services for farmers;

(c) As regards the meeting of the CAgM Implementation/Coordination Team on Agro-meteorological Services, which had been held from 29 to 31 March 2004 in Manila (Philippines), the Association noted that a comprehensive implementation plan for operational agrometeorological services had been proposed which included the major topics of communication and awareness, collaboration, training, tools and methods, data and observation, policies and resource mobilization;

(d) As regards the CAgM Expert Meeting on the Impact of Climate Change/Variability on Medium-to-Long-range Predictions for Agriculture, which had been held from 15 to 18 February 2005 in Brisbane (Australia), the Association:(i) Agreed with the recommendation of the

meeting that, to deal effectively with non-stationary climate trends and variations, novel and different approaches to climate and systems modelling as well as agricul-tural applications and systems management were needed;

(ii) Also agreed that regular training semi-nars should be held for user communities on seasonal to inter-annual climate fore-cast applications, and that they should be


co-organized and co-hosted by NMHSs and agricultural research and extension agencies;

(e) As regards the Meeting of the CAgM Implementation Coordination Team on Impacts of Climate Change/Variability and Natural Disasters on Agriculture, which had been held from 21 to 23 February 2005 in Auckland (New Zealand), the Association supported the recommendations of the Meeting, as follows:(i) That case studies from RA V on the effects

of tropical cyclones on rice/sugar cane in the Philippines and Fiji and of droughts on wheat in Australia be included in the proposed project entitled the Assessment of Natural Disaster Impacts on Agriculture which was being prepared by WMO;

(ii) That appropriate aspects from RA V be included in the proposed project entitled the Contribution of Agriculture to the State of Climate, being developed by WMO to promote a better understanding of how agricultural practices were contributing to the current state of the climate;

(iii) That a case study from RA V on applica-tions for sugar cane scheduling and yield in Queensland and Fiji be included in the proposed project entitled Climate Forecasts for User Communities which was being prepared by WMO;

(f) Regarding the World AgroMeteorological Information Service, the Association urged Members to participate in the process and to disseminate their products to the global commu-nity as those products could also contribute to natural disaster assessments by providing bulletins in real time and from a historical perspective;

(g) As regards the International Workshop on Climate Prediction and Agriculture: Advances and Challenges and the Synthesis Workshop on Climate Variability and Food Security, held in Geneva from 11 to 13 May and 9 to 10 May 2005, respectively, the Association supported the collaboration with the Global Change System for Analysis, Research and Training and encouraged WMO to convene the Task Force on Climate Prediction and Agriculture in order to seek broader support for the promotion of seasonal climate applications in agriculture;

(h) Regarding WMO activities on desertifi cation, the Association urged Members to participate actively in the implementation of the UNCCD. It urged Members to benefi t from the support of the Global Mechanism of the Convention for projects in that area.

7.2.2 The Association agreed that the impact of current and future climate change on agriculture and forestry in the South-West Pacifi c was of signifi cant importance, and that Members in RA V should be made fully aware of those impacts to take action to monitor and mitigate them.

7.2.3 The Association concluded that the fi nancial and human resources available for activities in the area of agricultural meteorology in the South-West Pacifi c were not consistent with the perceived impacts of climate change and weather extremes on agriculture and forestry in the Region and recommended that: (a) Efforts should be made to strengthen training,

research and operational applications in agricul-tural meteorology in the South-West Pacifi c;

(b) The linkages between meteorological services and the agricultural sector should be strengthened, and that the collaborative activities in the fi eld of agricultural meteorology improved, especially in the areas of climate forecasts and their applica-tions, remote sensing, data management, and so on.

7.2.4 The Association agreed that the application of meteorology to agriculture continued to be of great importance to the Region. Accordingly, the activities of the Working Group on Agricultural Meteorology should be continued, taking into account the vari-ous developments in the Region, such as promoting the application of seasonal to inter-annual climate forecasts to agriculture in the South-West Pacifi c, especially concerning the impact of ENSO and climate variability on agriculture and forestry in the Region and the impact of extreme events and natural disasters on agriculture, forestry and fi sheries. The Association therefore re-established the Working Group on Agricultural Meteorology with renewed terms of refer-ence and adopted Resolution 10 (XIV-RA V).

7.3 AERONAUTICAL METEOROLOGY PROGRAMME (agenda item 7.3)

7.3.1 The Association noted with satisfaction that Fourteenth Congress in 2003 had re-emphasized the importance it continued to attach to an expanded and vigorous Aeronautical Meteorology Programme (AeMP) to meet the needs of the worldwide aviation community and requested the Secretary-General to assist in its implementation. It also noted with satis-faction that Congress had requested that high priority be given to training requirements. 7.3.2 The Association welcomed the establish-ment by the twelfth session of the Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology (CAeM), held in 2002, of a new CAeM structure composed of a Management Group, two OPAGs, eight expert teams, a Rapporteur on AMDAR and a Rapporteur on Aviation and Global Environment. The Association was pleased to note that the fi rst CAeM Expert Team on Education and Training Meeting, held in Exeter (United Kingdom) in March 2005, had discussed important topics that had included the preparation of the CAeM Technical Conference to be held in conjunction with the CAeM session in 2006, the provision of training material and an implementation plan for a training strategy in aeronautical meteorology.7.3.3 The Association was pleased to note that training events organized outside the Region and attended by participants from RA V had included the

GENERAL SUMMARY 23

third Workshop on Volcanic Ash held in Toulouse (France) in 2003, and the Seminar on Quality Assurance in the Provision of Meteorological Services to Aviation, held in Hong Kong, China, in November 2005. The Association welcomed Recommendation 4/1 of the Conjoint CAeM Session/International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Meteorology Divisional Meeting held in 2002 which called for WMO, in coor-dination with ICAO, to continue to arrange seminars on cost recovery as a matter of priority. In that regard, the Association was pleased to note that the Regional Seminar on Cost Recovery and Administration, attended by 19 participants from 16 countries in RA V, had been held in Vava’u (Tonga) in December 2003. 7.3.4 The Association welcomed Recommendation 4/2 of the Conjoint Meeting which called for ICAO, in coordination with WMO, to extend the current guidance material on cost recovery. In that regard, the Association was pleased to note that the update of the ICAO Manual on Air Navigation Services Economics (Doc. 9161), which contained guidance on cost recov-ery for air navigation services including aeronautical meteorology, had been completed during 2004 and made available on the ICAO secure website at https://icaosec.icao.int/users. Furthermore, the Association was pleased to note that the update of the WMO Guide on Aeronautical Meteorological Services Cost Recovery: Principles and Guidance (WMO-No. 904) was under way to refl ect changes already introduced in the ICAO Manual mentioned above.7.3.5 The Association noted with appreciation the availability of training material on the AeMP website and the efforts being made by CAeM to provide guid-ance material to back up the training process. In that regard, the Association was pleased to note that, in 2003, the Compendium on Tropical Meteorology for Aviation Purposes (WMO-No. 930) and the Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR) Reference Manual (WMO-No. 958) had been published respectively in English and English and French, and that an updated version of the Guide to Practices for Meteorological Offi ces Serving Aviation (WMO-No.732) had been published in four languages. The booklet, Aviation and the Global Atmospheric Environment, which summarized the current scientifi c and operational knowledge of the impact of aviation on the environment, had been jointly published in English by WMO and UNEP in 2004. The Guide on Meteorological Observation and Information Distribution Systems at Aerodromes (WMO-No. 731) had been updated, and the publication Aerodrome Reports and Forecasts: A Users’ Handbook to the Codes (WMO-No. 782), as well as the WMO Technical Regulations [C.3.1] (WMO-No. 49), Volume II, had been updated and published in 2005 to support in particu-lar the CAeM training effort. Furthermore, the joint ICAO/WMO document on the Quality Management System for the Provision of Meteorological Service for International Air Navigation, which had been approved by ICAO and WMO, would be published in 2006.7.3.6 The Association welcomed advances made towards reaching the fi nal phase of the World Area

Forecast System (WAFS) that came into force on 1 July 2005 after nearly twenty years of development. Since that date, each of the two World Area Forecast Centres (WAFCs) had been required to transmit, by satellite broadcasts, global wind and temperature forecasts in the GRIB-coded format only, and the current wind and temperature forecast in T4 chart format would have to be produced locally using the GRIB-coded informa-tion broadcast by the two WAFCs. The Association was informed that, due to unforeseen diffi culties in completing work on BUFR-coded signifi cant weather forecasts and in making relevant workstation visu-alization software available to users by 1 July 2005, the two WAFCs would continue to broadcast signifi -cant weather T4 charts by satellite until 30 November 2006. The Association urged Members to upgrade their current workstations and workstation visualization software and to ensure that their operational staff had been trained to access, decode and use both the GRIB-coded information and BUFR-coded WAFS products for the local preparation of all T4 charts needed for fl ight documentation. 7.3.7 The Association noted with satisfac-tion that various amendment proposals to ICAO Annex 3/WMO Technical Regulations (WMO-No. 49), Volume II, had been approved by ICAO and WMO as part of Amendment 73 and had become applicable on 25 November 2004. Those provisions related, among others, to the WAFS fi nal phase, prevailing visibil-ity, aerodrome forecasts, observing and reporting of certain meteorological elements, cloud of operational signifi cance as well as SIGMET, AIRMET, aerodrome warnings and the overall restructuring of the Technical Regulations (WMO-No. 49), Volume II. The Association was pleased to note that the updated Manual on Codes (WMO-No. 306), Volume I.1, Part A, refl ecting changes to aeronautical meteorological codes stemming from Amendment 73, had been made available to Members immediately after approval by the fi fty-seventh session of the Executive Council, held in June 2005.7.3.8 The Association noted with satisfaction that, in line with Recommendation 2/2 of the Conjoint Meeting, ICAO had completed, in close coordination with WMO, the development of a Manual on the Use of Automatic Meteorological Observing Systems at Aerodromes. The Association was pleased about plans to publish the Manual in the near future. 7.3.9 The Association noted with satisfaction that, globally, 14 national operational AMDAR programmes were producing up to 200 000 observations per day, compared to only three operational national programmes producing around 30 000 observations per day in 1998 when the Panel had been established. In addition, up to 30 000 observations per day, many of which were derived from data-sparse areas, were being generated but not exchanged on the GTS because of the lack of funding required for the exchange of that additional volume of AMDAR data. 7.3.10 In Region V, Australia and New Zealand had been running operational AMDAR programmes for quite some time. The current Australian operational


AMDAR aircraft fl eet consisted of eight B767 and 30 B747 aircraft which provided about 4 000 AMDAR observations per day. Furthermore, BOM, in collaboration with the AMDAR Panel, had expressed its willingness to take a leading role in encouraging the development of AMDAR programmes and use of AMDAR data within RA V. In that regard, in April 2005, the Bureau had presented a discussion paper on AMDAR at the Meeting of Regional Meteorological Services Directors in the Pacifi c region. Météo-France was currently running an extension of the national AMDAR programme in the French Polynesia region. The Association was informed that the T-AMDAR system was currently tested using the Météo-France research aircraft.7.3.11 Since July 2005, the New Zealand AMDAR fl eet had been providing a total of approximately 36 000 observations per month transmitted on the GTS. In addition, nearly 10 000 automatic dependent surveil-lance reports per month continued to be distributed in international bulletins of aircraft reports in the AIREP code as received. Furthermore, about 10 500 AMDAR observations per month from Qantas were being made available. With some Air New Zealand A320s operat-ing between New Zealand and the Pacifi c islands, there was potential for future expansion of the New Zealand AMDAR programme onto those routes. 7.3.12 The AMDAR Panel had requested the E-AMDAR Programme to undertake feasibility stud-ies on the visualization of AMDAR data for use in particular by developing countries. As a result, the development of a stand-alone AMDAR software appli-cation was being pursued through the development of a software package based on the functionality of the NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory/Global Systems Division display system. When completed, that visualization system would enable users, in particular those in developing countries, to receive, decode, archive and display AMDAR data and minimize development costs. Users could view a demonstration via the Internet at http://AMDAR.NOAA.gov/demo_java.7.3.13 The Association expressed its appreciation to the ICAO observer for the recent ICAO activities aimed at helping South-West Pacifi c States to overcome diffi culties in the provision of the required meteorolog-ical services and eliminate safety-related defi ciencies, including a special implementation project entitled Enhancement of Meteorological Service for Aviation in the Pacifi c. The Association expressed support to ICAO activities in the Region and to the plans for providing further assistance to the South-West Pacifi c States in order to enable them fulfi l their obligations as ICAO Contracting States with regard to the provision of the required meteorological services. It was noted in that regard that ICAO was pursuing the establishment of another project which would include, among others, training for meteorological personnel in charge of the provision of services to aviation. The programme for future training activities would be duly coordinated by ICAO and WMO.

7.3.14 The Association noted with appreciation the report provided by the Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of the Aeronautical Meteorology Programme in Region V for the period 1 January 2004–31 March 2006.7.3.15 In view of the importance of the AeMP for the Region, the Association decided to continue to appoint a Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of the Aeronautical Meteorology Programme in Region V and adopted Resolution 11 (XIV-RA V).

7.4 MARINE METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY PROGRAMME (agenda item 7.4)

7.4.1 The Association noted with interest that Fourteenth Congress had emphasized the impor-tance of the Marine Meteorology and Oceanography Programme (MMOP), including its traditional activi-ties in areas such as maritime safety services, new priorities in operational oceanography, and the imple-mentation of an integrated ocean observing system for climate. Fourteenth Congress had approved the programme as part of the 6LTP. The programme provided overall objectives as well as detailed guide-lines for Members, regional associations and WMO in that fi eld.7.4.2 The Association noted with satisfaction that the second session of the Joint WMO/IOC Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology (JCOMM) had successfully taken place in Halifax (Canada) from 19 to 27 September 2005. The Association recognized the importance of JCOMM to its Members, noted that delegates from three RA V Members had been represented at the second session of JCOMM, and offered its fi rm and ongoing support. 7.4.3 With regard to the implementation of marine meteorological and oceanographic services, specifi cally in Region V, the Association noted with appreciation the comprehensive reports of the Co-rapporteurs on Regional Oceanographic and Marine Meteorological Services, Messrs L.T. Kuay (Singapore) and M. Vaiimene (Cook Islands). Specifi c issues and activities highlighted in the reports were addressed, as appropriate, in the relevant paragraphs below. The Association agreed that the further development of marine meteorological and oceanographic services, together with marine observing systems in the Region, particularly in light of the opinions of Fourteenth Congress on the matter, should be an ongoing activ-ity. It therefore decided to re-appoint Co-rapporteurs and adopted Resolution 12 (XIV-RA V).

MARINE METEOROLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC SERVICES

7.4.4 The Association noted with satisfaction that meteorological services, through SafetyNET under the WMO marine broadcast system, under the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) covering the Region were fully operational, and that mariners confi rmed the satisfactory accuracy and usefulness of those services. The Association recalled that an overwhelming majority (94 per cent)

GENERAL SUMMARY 25

of survey respondents had found radio facsimilie products useful; however, concerns were expressed regarding the quality of reception and readability. In that regard, it noted with interest that JCOMM, in view of the value placed by mariners on graphical information, was conducting a priority project for the provision of graphical products to all mariners, both GMDSS and non-GMDSS. The Association recognized the need to continually review those services, including in particular the views of users, and therefore urged Members in the Region, whether or not they operated a voluntary observing ship (VOS) programme, to participate actively in the various marine meteorological services monitoring exercises being undertaken. The Association noted with interest that a new website (http://weather.gmdss.org) had been established to provide real-time global marine forecasts and warnings broadcast via satellite under the GMDSS marine broadcast.7.4.5 The Association noted with interest that a major JCOMM marine products workshop (Ocean Ops 04) had taken place in Toulouse in May 2004. The workshop had attracted a large number of providers and users of operational ocean products, which had resulted in important input for the restructuring of the JCOMM Electronic Products Bulletin, as well as the implementation of the Marine Pollution Emergency Response Support System (MPERSS). The Association noted with interest that a new website dedicated to MPERSS had been established to give information on what MPERSS was and what it provided, and on contact points at Area Meteorological Oceanographic Coordinators. The Association recalled that the devel-opment of operational oceanographic products and services had been identifi ed at the second session of JCOMM as a high priority activity for the Commission during the present intersessional period. In that context, it congratulated Singapore for the success-ful implementation and operation of the South-East Asian Centre for Atmospheric and Marine Prediction (SEACAMP) project, which was providing a range of operational marine products and services to support numerous user applications. The Association agreed that SEACAMP represented an excellent example of the practical application of operational oceanography in a regional context, which was of direct relevance to other Members in the Region. It therefore requested JCOMM and the Secretariat to explore the possible extension of the SEACAMP activities and concept more widely in the Region. 7.4.6 The Association noted with appreciation that the Marine Climatological Summaries Scheme, the Global Digital Sea Ice Data Bank (GDSIDB) and the Global Temperature-Salinity Profi le Program (GTSPP) were all being continually developed to meet the requirements of a wide range of operational and research users for various types of marine data. The Association therefore urged the Members concerned in the Region to participate actively in those projects, which all formed part of the JCOMM Data Management Programme Area. It expressed particular appreciation

to Australia for the contribution of Antarctic sea ice data sets to the GDSIDB, and to New Zealand, the Philippines and Singapore for their substantive support of the GTSPP.

SYSTEMS FOR MARINE OBSERVATIONS AND DATA COLLECTION

7.4.7 The Association shared the view of Fourteenth Congress that JCOMM was now recognized as a primary implementation mechanism for the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS), and for operational oceanography in general, for which it was expected to play a role equivalent to that of CBS with regard to the WWW. For that task, JCOMM would require the enhanced, active support of all maritime Members, especially collaboration between NMSs and appro-priate national oceanographic agencies/institutions at the national level. It therefore decided to keep in force Resolution 13 (XIII-RA V) — Support for JCOMM on the subject. In that context, the Association noted in particular the establishment and development of the Pacifi c Islands GOOS (PI-GOOS), whose activities were paving the way for establishing and improving marine and coastal water quality; mariculture devel-opment (for example, pearl and seaweed industries); coral reef health; climate observations; and strength-ened networks between ocean/climate scientists, governmental organizations and Pacifi c Islanders. The Association urged that cooperation and coordination be enhanced between the PI-GOOS coordinator, who was based at and worked closely with SOPAC, and the WMO Subregional Offi ce for the South-West Pacifi c.7.4.8 The Association agreed that VOSs, the Ship-of-Opportunity Programme (SOOP), the Global Sea-level Observing System (GLOSS), the Automated Shipboard Aerological Programme (ASAP), ocean data buoys, the Argo programme and oceanographic satellites formed key components of both existing and future ocean observing systems. It agreed on the importance of the continued support by Members of the Association for those activities. In doing so, the Association stressed the absolute importance of obser-vations from the ocean and marine atmosphere to Members in the Region, particularly in view of the extensive, data-sparse, ocean areas within RA V, in support of operational meteorology, maritime safety services, climate monitoring and prediction, and the development of ocean services. In that context, it noted and strongly supported the priority JCOMM was giving to ensuring the continuity and long-term maintenance of the system, including key elements still regarded as research or pilot projects, such as Argo and oceanographic satellites. The Association urged all its Members to provide support, wherever possible, to JCOMM in that regard.7.4.9 The Association recognized, in particular, the importance of observational data from VOSs to operational meteorology and global climate stud-ies, especially within RA V. It therefore expressed its concern with the potential threats being posed to VOSs through developing ship security problems


related to the increasingly widespread availability of ships’ meteorological reports, in real time, on websites unconnected to NMHSs and the WWW. Without urgent remedial action, there was a serious possibil-ity of a dramatic reduction in the availability of such reports, in real time, to NMHSs. The Association noted with appreciation that both JCOMM and the Executive Council were aware of the problem, and that it would again be an issue for discussion at the fi fty-eighth session of the Executive Council. Taking into account the discussions under agenda item 15.5: International exchange of data and products, the Association requested its president to express its partic-ular concerns on the issue to the fi fty-eighth session of the Executive Council, and to urge the Council to take urgent action to address the problem.

TSUNAMI AND OTHER MARINE HAZARD WARNING SYSTEMS

7.4.10 The Association recalled that it had discussed WMO’s general involvement in and support of both the Indian Ocean and Pacifi c Tsunami Warning Systems, being developed under the IOC (see general summary paragraph 4.3.8 and agenda item 11: Natural Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Programme — Regional aspects). The Association reiterated the importance to Members in the Region of the rapid implementation of robust and effi cient tsunami warning systems, as well as the development of the capacity of all Members to receive and act on tsunami warnings. The recent earthquake near Tonga, and the associated tsunami alert, which had occurred during the meeting of the ICG/PTWS held in Melbourne from 1 to 5 May 2006, had dramatically underlined the abovementioned importance. In the context of the present agenda item, the Association noted with appreciation the support that JCOMM could provide to tsunami warning systems, in particular in areas such as deep ocean moorings for tsunami wave monitoring, the GTS distribution of sea level data, and the dissemination of tsunami warnings. It urged the Secretariat to make every effort to ensure full coordination of both those and other specifi c WMO activities, including the development of WIS, with the work being undertaken by the different coordination groups under the IOC.7.4.11 The Association noted with appreciation the work being undertaken by JCOMM in support of marine multi-hazard warning systems in general, including the preparation of a guide to storm surge forecasting and warning (due for completion in early 2007), the development of multi-purpose ocean data acquisition systems, the GTS distribution of obser-vational data related to marine hazards, and the dissemination of marine hazard warnings.

CAPACITY-BUILDING

7.4.12 The Association noted with appreciation the joint organization of a series of workshops on wave and surge forecasting for tropical cyclones by the WMO TCP, JCOMM and Norway during the past three years. The Association expressed its appreciation of

the next workshop in the series, which would be held in Manila in September 2006, with additional support from Australia, and include a component related to tsunami wave propagation. The Association particu-larly appreciated the fact that the workshop would be oriented specifi cally to participants from Pacifi c island countries.

8. HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES PROGRAMME — REGIONAL ASPECTS (agenda item 8)

8.1 The Association noted that, in general, the needs of Members in the Region were adequately refl ected in the priority activities of WMO in the Hydrology and Water Resources Programme (HWRP) given in the 6LTP as approved by Fourteenth Congress. The Association examined those topics in the Plan which required more emphasis and, having consid-ered those of great interest to countries in Region V, took them into account when fi nalizing the future work of the Working Group on Hydrology (WGH). 8.2 The Association noted with appreciation the report of the chairperson of the WGH, Mr R.Raj (Fiji). It noted the progress made by the chairperson and the fi ve expert members who had been given specifi c assignments in carrying out activities of particular interest to Members, and expressed appreciation to the other members of the WGH who had supported the fi ve experts. The Association also expressed its appreciation to Mr R. Raj for the signifi cant role he had played as the WGH chairperson. In particular, it noted with interest that the WGH had focused on fi ve priority areas out of the ten identifi ed during the fi fth session of the RA V WGH in 2002. The experts had prepared reports on:(a) Hydrological training – Mr R. Raj (Fiji);(b) Technology and data standards – Mr C. Pearson

(New Zealand);(c) Hydrological network maintenance –

Mr B. Parakoti (Cook Islands);(d) Support for integrated water resources manage-

ment – Mr R. James (Australia);(e) Public awareness of the value of hydrological data

and products – Ms M. Bautista (Philippines).8.3 On the basis of the recommendations of the WGH, and taking into account the decisions of Fourteenth Congress and the recommendations of CHy, the Association decided to re-establish the Group, which was open to all Members of the Region, and adopted Resolution 13 (XIV-RA V). With respect to the Group’s membership, the Association requested its Members to ensure an adequate representation of National Hydrological Services (NHSs) and other insti-tutions working in the fi eld of water-related activities. The Association also took note of the future programme of work proposed by the WGH, which conformed closely to the 6LTP, and included it in Resolution 13 (XIV-RA V). It further recommended that at least one session of the WGH should be arranged during the intersessional period, and that fi nancial assistance be provided by WMO so that the members could attend

GENERAL SUMMARY 27

the session. The Association noted that the WGH chairperson had a key role and needed the support of his or her country, leadership capabilities and time to devote to WGH activities.

COMMISSION FOR HYDROLOGY

8.4 The Association was informed about the outcome of the twelfth session of CHy. It noted that the Commission had established only the Advisory Working Group composed of nine members, and fi ve Open Panels of CHy Experts (OPACHE) on fi ve thematic areas: basic systems (hydrometry and hydraulics), water resources assessment and water use, hydrological forecasting and prediction, disaster miti-gation – fl oods and droughts (hydrological aspects), and analysis of hydroclimatological data for variabil-ity and trends.8.5 The Association encouraged Members to nominate experts to OPACHE and recommended that each member of the re-established WGH be encour-aged to join the appropriate thematic area of OPACHE with the aim of establishing closer relations between CHy and the WGH.8.6 The Association noted that the Commission had expressed concern over the decline in fi nancial support provided to the organization of sessions of regional WGHs, and over the low visibility of the WGHs’ activities in the annual reports of the presidents of regional associations submitted to the Executive Council. The Association also noted the importance of allocating resources to activities that resulted in benefi ts to the Region, especially those of the subject-orientated working groups.8.7 The Association welcomed the adoption by the Commission of the WMO Strategy on Education and Training in Hydrology and Water Resources. It noted the priority areas identifi ed by the regional WGH and urged the WMO Secretariat to assist in the development of training initiatives to meet those priority areas.8.8 The president of the Commission informed the Association that the Commission’s workplan would focus on the review and update of guidance material for NHSs within a quality management frame-work and in support of projects such as the World Hydrological Cycle Observing System (WHYCOS)/the Hydrological Cycle Observing System (HYCOS) and the Associated Programme on Flood Management (APFM). The Association appreciated the proposal of the CHy Advisory Working Group to review the programme structure under CHy to support a more focused orientation of activities.

IMPLEMENTATION OF HWRP AND ITS REGIONAL ASPECTS

8.9 The Association noted that progress had been made in the Implementation Plan for HOMS in the Twenty-First century during the past interses-sional period. In particular, it was pleased to note that the online version of the HOMS Reference Manual (HRM) was being updated regularly, and, since 2003,

most component descriptions had become avail-able in English, French, Russian and Spanish. The Association also noted that, with the increasing use of the Internet and the availability of hydrological tech-nology through that medium, consideration should be given to closer linkages between the Hydrological Operational Multipurpose System (HOMS) and the Internet. 8.10 However, the Association noted that the replenishment of the HRM with new components was advancing rather slowly, as very few had been submitted by the HOMS National Reference Centres in recent years. Aware that in the past members from the Region had been very active in supplying compo-nents to HOMS, the Association invited Members to renew their commitment with a view to improving components of particular interest in RA V, such as instrumentation, network design, fl ood forecasting, drought management and quality management.8.11 The Association noted with appreciation that the fi fth edition of the Guide to Hydrological Practices (WMO-No. 168) was available on CD-ROM in four languages. It also noted that the draft of the sixth edition of the Guide was under development.8.12 The Association was informed that WMO had launched a fl ood forecasting initiative to improve fl ood forecasting and enhance cooperation between NMSs and NHSs to deliver timely and more accurate products and services. The initiative was implemented through the organization of regional workshops and would be concluded by a fi nal global conference to be held in 2006. The results of the conference would serve as input to the review of cooperation mechanisms between NMHSs, and in promoting the application of NWP products for fl ood forecasting. The Association requested the WMO Secretariat to consider holding the fi nal global conference in RA V with the view to promoting stronger cooperation between NMSs and NHSs and improving fl ood forecasting systems.8.13 The Association also appreciated WMO’s efforts to address the issue of cooperation between NMSs and NHSs and urged its Members to follow up the outcome of the global conference in order to strengthen their capacities for fl ood forecasting.8.14 The Association noted progress made in the development of the Global Terrestrial Network- Hydrology as a “network of networks” of global data centres and information providers for hydrological and relevant meteorological data and information. 8.15 The Association noted that the Expert Meeting on Hydrological Sensitivity to Climate Conditions had been held in December 2003 at the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology in Wallingford (United Kingdom) to prepare a global statistical analysis of the sensitivity of runoff to precipitation. The fourth meeting of the WCP-Water Steering Committee had been held in the same location in June 2005 and had discussed project progress and undertaken a review of the programme.8.16 The Association was pleased to note the continuous cooperation with the Global Runoff Data Centre in Koblenz (Germany), and was informed that


the International Groundwater Resources Assessment Centre (IGRAC) based in Utrecht (the Netherlands) had been in operational mode since May 2003. It expressed its appreciation to the Government of the Netherlands for the support provided. It was also pleased to learn that the WMO Secretariat had organ-ized the Workshop on Groundwater Management in Arid and Semi-arid Countries in Cairo (Egypt) in April 2005. Over seventy international experts from forty-fi ve countries had attended the Workshop. The Association recommended the distribution of work-shop proceedings to all Members. 8.17 The Association was pleased to learn that the Guidelines for the Education and Training of Personnel in Meteorology and Operational Hydrology (WMO-No. 258), Volume II — Hydrology had been prepared by the Editorial Task Force – Hydrology and covered the fi eld of integrated water resources management. The Volume had been prepared with contributions from hydrological services of vari-ous Regions, CHy, the United Nations Educational, Scientifi c and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and external experts. The review had been carried out in two steps: (a) by CHy and UNESCO; and (b) by two external reviewers. The English version of the Volume had been sent to all Members during the fi rst half of 2004.8.18 The Association noted that close collabora-tion had been maintained between WMO and other United Nations organizations dealing with water in the framework of UN-Water, and that one of the main activities of UN-Water was now directed towards the preparation of the World Water Development Report. It noted WMO’s contribution to several chapters of the second report. The Association also noted the contin-ued collaboration with ESCAP.8.19 The Association was informed that WMO and ISDR had been the lead secretariats within the United Nations for the global celebration of World Water Day 2004 which had had “Water and Disasters” as the theme. Emphasis in the awareness campaign had been “Be Informed and be Prepared”. WMO had prepared an information kit that included a booklet, a poster and fact sheets on the activities of various United Nations agencies in the fi eld of water-related disasters. 8.20 The Association noted with interest the development of the International Flood Initiative originally promoted jointly by WMO and UNESCO and later extended to include other United Nations agencies. The initiative would promote an integrated approach to fl ood management to maximize the long-term benefi ts of fl oods and minimize the hardships, loss of life and damage to goods and assets which resulted from fl oods.8.21 The Association was informed that the United Nations General Assembly, with its resolu-tion A/RES/58/217 adopted on 23 December 2003, had proclaimed the period from 2005 to 2015 as the International Decade for Action, “Water for Life”, commencing on World Water Day on 22 March 2005.

The resolution called upon the relevant United Nations bodies, specialized agencies, regional commissions and other organizations of the United Nations system to deliver a coordinated response, to make “Water for Life” a decade for action. 8.22 The Association invited Members to provide regional perspectives and inputs for the development of the International Decade for Action. It recom-mended that the activities of the WGH be identifi ed as contributions to the International Decade for Action, where appropriate.8.23 The Association was pleased to note WMO’s contribution to the World Water Week held in Stockholm in August 2005. The Association was also pleased to learn of WMO’s participation at the third and fourth World Water Forum and the Ministerial Conference during the Forums which were held in March 2003 and 2006 in Japan and Mexico, respec-tively. The Association commended the WMO Secretariat for the successful participation in the fourth Forum and appreciated the increased level of recognition of the role of NMHSs that would follow that high profi le involvement. 8.24 The Association noted with appreciation the implementation of the APFM, funded by Japan and the Netherlands. That joint initiative undertaken by WMO and the Global Water Partnership aimed to promote the concept of Integrated Flood Management (IFM) and highlighted practical steps for putting it into practice.8.25 The Association was informed of progress made in the area of international data exchange and promotion of the implementation of Resolution 25 (Cg-XIII) — Exchange of hydrological data and prod-ucts. It noted the results of the questionnaire on the exchange of hydrological data and products that had been circulated to all Members. The Association urged its Members to promote the implementation of Resolution 25 (Cg-XIII).8.26 The Association recognized the impor-tance of standardization of data and metadata in hydrology to facilitate the international exchange of hydrological data and information, and that those requirements must be taken into account in the development of WIS. In that connection, the Association recommended that the WGH provide input to the various WMO activities associated with those initiatives.8.27 The Association noted with appreciation the support provided by the Government of New Zealand to strengthen the technical capacity of small island States in the fi eld of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). The Association was pleased to note that the New Zealand Agency for International Development (NZAid) had contrib-uted funding for the implementation of a hydrology training course, and expressed appreciation for its substantial support towards capacity-building in the Region. It also acknowledged initial support from WMO in developing the initiative and role of SOPAC in implementing the training course. The

GENERAL SUMMARY 29

Association urged Members to provide feedback to WMO and SOPAC about benefi ts stemming from the training and other needs of the Region and requested WMO and SOPAC to continue supporting the training course. In that regard, recently retired hydrological experts, where appropriate, could assist in training initiatives.8.28 The Association also urged the WGH to pay particular attention to the needs of small island States as it further developed its workplans and in particu-lar recognized the need to expand, as appropriate, the Pacifi c-HYCOS project to other areas of the Pacifi c.8.29 The Association noted the issue of data rescue and in particular the problems faced by LDCs in main-taining past records, and urged the WMO Secretariat to assist in that area, where possible.8.30 The Association supported closer cooperation between NMSs and NHSs, in particular with regard to the provision of meteorological services in support of water allocation, water delivery, water demand, water reuse, IFM and IWRM.

WORLD HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE OBSERVING SYSTEM

8.31 The Association was pleased to note that a comprehensive report on the status of the HYCOS components had been prepared and submitted to the Executive Council in May 2005. The report covered the current status of implementation of regional components, their success and failures, issues of data exchange and standardization, and long-term sustainability. 8.32 The Association also noted with appreciation the launch of the WHYCOS Guidelines for development, implementation and governance (WMO/TD-No. 1282) and special web page for WHYCOS. The Association commended the WMO Secretariat on the preparation of that material and was pleased to hear that it would be available for use in the Pacifi c region.8.33 The Association noted with apprecia-tion that the implementation of the WHYCOS programme had continued with the development of new components with fi nancial support from the European Union and the Governments of France and the Netherlands.8.34 The Association noted with satisfaction the cooperation between WMO and SOPAC in developing the Pacifi c-HYCOS project. The Association was pleased to note that SOPAC, in collaboration with WMO, had managed to secure funding from the European Union for the Pacifi c-HYCOS project implementation in the period 2006–2008 with the objective of improving the management and protection of Pacifi c small island States’ freshwater resources. That would be achieved through the provision of appropriate water resources management systems to demonstrate sustainable catchment and aquifer management and contribute to the WMO WHYCOS programme. The Association expressed its appreciation to the European Union for funding the project and agreed that that initiative would provide an excellent basis for the work of the WGH.

8.35 The Association noted that the Pacific-HYCOS was considered to be one of the most complete projects that could address a host of needs-related issues. It had the potential to raise the profile of national hydrological services, thereby attracting not only donors but national support as well. The Association recommended focusing on activities related to training, exchange of expertise, development of data archiving capa-bilities, and public information as priority areas to be addressed.

9. EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROGRAMME — REGIONAL ASPECTS (agenda item 9)

SURVEYING MEMBERS’ TRAINING NEEDS AND PROVIDING GUIDANCE

9.1 The Association was informed that the results of the quadrennial WMO questionnaire on Members’ training requirements were used as an aid/guide for the overall monitoring of training priorities during the current fi nancial period. It was recognized that additional fi nancial resources would be necessary in order to satisfy all the identifi ed training needs of the Region.9.2 Noting that only 59 per cent of its Members had responded to the 2002 survey, the Association encouraged Members to be more responsive to the forthcoming 2006 Survey, in order to effi ciently assist in the regional planning and implementation of the Education and Training Programme (ETRP) during the fi fteenth fi nancial period.9.3 The Association was informed that the Executive Council Panel of Experts on Education and Training, at its twenty-fi rst session, held in Antalya (Turkey) from 3 to 7 May 2003, had established an Expert Team on Accreditation and Certifi cation in Meteorological Education and Training, with the mandate, among others, to clarify certain practical questions raised by some Members in relation to the implementation of the new WMO classifi cation of personnel in Meteorology.

TRAINING EVENTS ORGANIZED/CO-SPONSORED BY WMO9.4 The Association was informed that, during the period 2002–2005, a total of 20 training events organized in the Region with WMO acting as the main organizer or providing partial support had been aimed at improving the effi ciency and effectiveness of the instructional process itself, with particular attention being given to the following objectives: training the trainers; training the training managers; promoting distance learning; updating trainers’ science base; and stimulating the application of modern pedagogical methods and information technology tools in train-ing design and delivery. 9.5 The Association noted that the participants at those training events had expressed their satisfaction with respect to training delivery and its suitability for their subsequent work. The Association expressed its gratitude to Members who made their training facilities


and/or experts available in order to implement those training events.

SHARING TRAINING RESOURCES AND PROMOTING DISTANCE LEARNING

9.6 The Association was informed that the Standing Conference of the Heads of Training Institutions of National Meteorological Services (SCHOTI), at its sixth meeting which was held in Madrid (Spain) on 25 April 2003, had elected its new Coordinating Committee, which had strongly encour-aged the sharing of training resources among relevant institutions.9.7 The Association expressed its appreciation to the relevant NMSs (Finland, France, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom) for their voluntary support to SCHOTI activities. The Association also appreci-ated the kind offer of the United States Cooperative Program for Operational Meteorology, Education and Training (COMET), the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) and the European Meteorological Computer Assisted Learning (Eumetcal) programme to freely make avail-able some of their training modules.9.8 The Association noted the recent review of the ETRP website and the current initiative towards developing an interface to facilitate online access to worldwide training resources, as well as exchange of meteorological case studies and related documenta-tion between advanced and less advanced training institutions. It encouraged those Members possess-ing relevant expertise and experience in that domain to assist the Secretariat in developing and maintain-ing that interface. The Association recommended the development of a special web page for the WMO Subregional Offi ce which would include all training events in order to make Member countries aware of training activities in different WMO Regions and facil-itate their planning activities. It was suggested that the web page be established in close cooperation with regional institutions such as SPREP.

REGIONAL METEOROLOGICAL TRAINING CENTRES

9.9 The Association was informed that the quadrennial Meeting of Directors of WMO Regional Meteorological Training Centres, held in Madrid (Spain) on 26 April 2003), had examined, among others, the need to strengthen the interaction of Regional Meteorological Training Centres (RMTCs) with advanced training and educational centres. 9.10 The Association noted with appreciation that the WMO RMTC in RA V continued to carry out satisfactorily the routine training programmes and to organize specialized courses in response to the needs of Members in the Region as well as other Regions. The Association urged its Members to make the maxi-mum use of the training programmes offered by that RTMC. In that connection, Members were requested to assist the WMO RMTC in the Region in organizing courses, through the provision of instructors for short-term assignments, the provision of relevant training

materials, and other sorts of assistance under bilateral or multilateral arrangements. 9.11 The Association noted with satisfaction WMO’s efforts in sharing training resources and promoting distance learning among WMO RMTCs. Recognizing the importance of the training materi-als prepared by COMET, it was recommended that the four CD-ROMS be distributed to all WMO Members for their national training.9.12 Considering the recommendation of the sixth Session of the RA V Working Group on Hydrology, held in Nadi (Fiji) in October 2005, the Association was also informed of the establishment of the Indonesian Hydrological Training Centre and appreciated the offer from Indonesia to provide the Centre’s facilities for regional training.

AWARDING AND IMPLEMENTING FELLOWSHIPS

9.13 The Association noted that WMO fellowships remained crucial in assisting Member countries in the fi eld of capacity-building, in particular in terms of emerging new needs relating to areas such as satellite meteorology, information technology, new telecom-munication systems, computer technology, modern data processing systems, climate change, natural disas-ters and the atmospheric environment. It noted with satisfaction the continued efforts being made to further enhance the programme and to improve effectiveness and transparency in the granting and implementa-tion process of fellowships. The Association thanked the Secretary-General for the circular letter sent to the Permanent Representatives of Member countries in April 2005 regarding requests for fellowships, and urged its Members to continue to utilize more effec-tively the fellowships programme. 9.14 The Association requested the Secretary-General to continue his efforts to increase conventional fellowships funds by tapping extrabudgetary resources and exploring new potential sources of funding for fellowship-related activities.

RAPPORTEUR ON EDUCATION AND TRAINING

9.15 In view of the continued pressing needs of Members for capacity-building and human resources development in meteorology and specialized subjects essential to economic and social development in the Region, the Association agreed to designate a Rapporteur on Education and Training Matters and adopted Resolution 14 (XIV-RA V) to that effect.9.16 The Association expressed its appreciation to the Rapporteur on Education and Training Matters, Mr P. Riley (Australia) and the Co-Rapporteurs, Mr B.M. Soriano (Philippines) and Mr K. Waters (United States), for their report, which listed some recent and current education and training initiatives affecting RA V.9.17 The Association noted that a considerable amount of short- and long-term meteorological train-ing had been provided within the Region by RMTC Philippines, the Micronesian Meteorologist Internship Program, the Pacifi c Desk Programme conducted by the

GENERAL SUMMARY 31

RSMC Honolulu Hurricane Centre, the one-year post- graduate diploma course run by the Meteorological Service of New Zealand and the one-year post-gradu-ate diploma programme in meteorology run by BOM, and called on the organizers to accept more foreign students from developing countries within the Region at a concessionary rate. The Association also appre-ciated other training courses provided by Fiji, New Caledonia and French Polynesia.9.18 The Association noted with appreciation that the Training Course on Maintenance for Technicians from South Pacifi c Islands’ National Meteorological Services, involving 11 countries, had taken place in Tahiti (French Polynesia) in November 2005 at the invitation of Météo-France and with the fi nancial support of the French Government and the technical support of WMO. Similarly, the Training Course on Meteorology for Forecasters from South Pacifi c Islands’ National Meteorological Services, involving 15 coun-tries, would take place in Nouméa (New Caledonia) in September 2006, with simultaneous interpretation and translation into English and French. The Association expressed its satisfaction with the initiatives and requested the organizer to repeat such training in the future so as to work towards making it a regular occurrence. 9.19 The Association noted with appreciation that a technology-intensive approach to education and training, such as computer-aided learning and online training resources, were available and could be applied in the Region. It noted in particular the existence of Eumetcal funded by the European Meteorological Services Network (EUMETNET); VISITview, a train-ing and real-time collaboration tool developed for the United States National Weather Service; and the Virtual Laboratory for Satellite Training and Data Utilization, and called on Members to take advantage of those online training resources in order to meet the training needs of their NMHSs. 9.20 The Association recognized that staff numbers in the Region were expected to keep increasing in the near future and, as such, the need for training would increase, and requested the developed Members within the Region to provide the necessary support, as appropriate. 9.21 The Association noted the need to speed up the implementation of the new WMO classifi ca-tion of personnel in meteorology and hydrology and to update the curricula for training personnel in line with the Guidelines for the Education and Training of Personnel in Meteorology and Operational Hydrology (WMO-No. 258).9.22 The Association also noted that some priorities which might be identifi ed as emerging from the relevant meetings and forums over the past four years were mainly to explore the possibility of having accreditation and certifi cation in the fi eld of education and training in meteorology and hydrology; enhance education and training efforts in “soft” competencies, especially in management and administration, as well as in areas such as communication and crisis

management; and promote visits for trainers from developed countries to developing countries within the Region.9.23 Noting the need to foster international cooperation in training, the Association encouraged Members to enhance the access to and sharing of existing training resources within the Region.9.24 The Association recognized the need to make the profession more attractive, to support programmes in schools and popular meteorological and hydrologi-cal education and to take steps to encourage women to enter careers in meteorology and hydrology.9.25 Noting the request of the Secretary-General concerning National Focal Points for Education and Training, the Association encouraged all Members to make their nominations in that regard to the WMO Secretariat and to continue to advise the Rapporteurs on their training needs and activities.

10. TECHNICAL COOPERATION PROGRAMME — REGIONAL ASPECTS (agenda item 10)

10.1 The Association expressed satisfaction that a number of measures had been undertaken by the Secretary-General to effect structural and organizational changes in the Secretariat, especially with respect to Regional and Subregional Offi ces and technical cooper-ation activities with a view to improving the delivery of services to Members and enhancing partnerships with national and regional institutions and international organizations. In that regard, the Regional and Technical Cooperation Activities for Development Department would ensure the smooth and effi cient implementa-tion of activities within the framework of the Regional Programme and the Technical Cooperation Programme (TCOP). The new structure was being implemented in a phased manner. The Association requested the Secretary-General to continue his efforts to strengthen the Department with a view to meeting the require-ments of Members in the Region in an effi cient and cost-effective manner. The Association expressed its interest in putting additional emphasis on resource mobilization for development projects in the Region.10.2 The Association recognized the importance of establishing strategic partnerships and alliances with the NMHSs of Members, funding institutions, national technical cooperation and aid agencies, for example, AusAID, the United Kingdom Department for International Development, the Japan International Cooperation Agency, NZAid and the United States Agency for International Development (USAid), the United Nations system and regional and international organizations, as well as with the private sector, as a strategy to access extrabudgetary resources for tech-nical cooperation activities. The Association further recognized the need to strengthen the communica-tion between WMO and NMHSs to develop joint initiatives for sharing resources and avoiding the duplication of efforts. It recommended further coordi-nation of international assistance to recipient NMHSs from multilateral and bilateral funding agencies in the preparation and negotiation of project proposals.


10.3 The Association recognized the efforts being made by WMO to reactivate partnerships with United Nations agencies and other relevant organizations, to contribute actively to the formulation and implemen-tation of relevant meteorological, hydrological and environmental aspects of projects and programmes, and to establish international standards and guide-lines. In that respect, the Association recommended that special attention be paid to WMO’s contribution to and participation in the implementation of the Johannesburg Plan of Action of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD), the United Nations Millennium Declaration, the Mauritius International Meeting to Review the Implementation of the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States, the World Conference on Disaster Reduction (WCDR) and the GEO.10.4 The Association noted with satisfaction the efforts made by the Secretary-General towards mobi-lizing further resources in support of the Programme. In particular, WMO had concluded a Memorandum of Understanding with the European Commission in December 2003 to foster collaboration in the areas of DPM, climate change, water resources manage-ment, protection of the environment and others. The Association encouraged the enhancement of that type of agreement.10.5 The Association welcomed WMO’s contin-ued efforts to assist NMHSs and governments, through the coordinated efforts of the Secretariat, in the mobilization of resources for the development of meteorological and hydrological services in support of the economic and social sectors. The Association also noted that several Members had received assist-ance in the development of new projects in support of national and regional meteorological and hydrologi-cal projects.10.6 The Association also urged Members, especially their NMHSs, to make special efforts to establish partnerships within countries, for example with development organizations, other agencies and institutions.10.7 The Association noted that, at its fi fty-seventh session, the Executive Council had reviewed the major outcomes of the meeting on the WMO Programme for the LDCs including a strategic action plan and endorsed the recommendations, in particular: (a) adopting an integrated but country-specifi c strategic approach when implementing the Programme; (b) providing NMHSs in LDCs with the means to enable them to provide a minimum set of products and services to their respective governments and users; (c) establishing an appropriate structure and funding mechanism for the effective implementation of the Programme considering its cross-cutting nature; (d) facilitating information fl ow to the LDCs on how they could take advantage of the various opportunities to enhance resource mobilization; and (e) mobilizing resources to support the participation of LDCs in training seminars/workshops. The

Association further noted that an implementation plan was being developed based on the LDCs strategic action plan and urged its Members to support and actively participate in the WMO Programme for the LDCs, both scientifi cally and by mobilizing resources through their national cooperation agencies or any other funding mechanisms. 10.8 The Association reviewed the technical coop-eration activities carried out during the reporting period and noted that several countries in the Region had received technical assistance under projects funded by various sources such as trust funds, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), WMO VCP and bilateral assistance. The Association expressed its appreciation to donors, UNDP and Members for the support provided to NMHSs. The Association noted the considerable efforts made by the Subregional Offi ce for the South-West Pacifi c to enhance technical cooperation activities, especially through the develop-ment of national and regional projects. In that respect, the Association acknowledged the WMO Subregional Offi ce for the South-West Pacifi c’s project develop-ment and resource mobilization activities.10.9 The Association noted that the Strengthening Disaster Management and Preparedness project in Tokelau formulated by UNDP and the Subregional Offi ce had been approved in January 2004. The project was being implemented nationally.10.10 The Association noted the satisfactory imple-mentation of the WMO/ESCAP trust fund project entitled Support to the Implementation of the Regional Haze Action Plan of ASEAN Member Countries with fi nancial support from the Government of Australia. The project contributed to the implementation of the Regional Haze Action Plan’s monitoring compo-nent to provide early warnings of forest fi res and the prediction of smoke and haze transportation. A fi nal workshop on the project had been held in Singapore in December 2003. Measurement instruments had been installed in Indonesia and Malaysia, and train-ing courses for the use of the instruments had been held. The Association requested the Secretary-General to continue working with ESCAP to develop new joint initiatives in the areas of common interest.10.11 The Association recognized the importance of trust funds for WMO technical cooperation activi-ties for the development of NMHSs in the Region. The Association encouraged Members to make use of such arrangements, which had proven to be cost-effective for their NMHSs.10.12 The Association was pleased to note that, within the framework of the WMO VCP, eight Members in RA V had received support for a total of 15 VCP projects (training projects excluded) during the period 2002–2005, in particular for strengthening WWW operational facilities, for climatological activi-ties, and for aeronautical meteorological activities through the provision of satellite-based distribution systems for WAFS data and products. The Association noted that there was still a need in the Region to provide support to Members in order to ensure that

GENERAL SUMMARY 33

a minimum basic infrastructure was kept in opera-tion. It expressed its appreciation to the VCP donor Members and urged others to participate actively in that scheme. Furthermore, the Association encour-aged more Members to become VCP donors.10.13 The Association expressed its satisfaction with the number of short- and long-term fellowships that had been awarded through the VCP and the WMO regular budget, and requested the Secretary-General to continue his efforts to secure more funding under the WMO VCP in order to meet the increasing demand of Member countries for training meteoro-logical and hydrological staff for the development of their Services.10.14 The Association reiterated the importance of technical cooperation among developing countries (TCDC) as a means of promoting regional and inter-national cooperation. The Association expressed its gratitude to the Members and others who participated in TCDC activities and urged them to take an active part in that important activity.10.15 The Association also noted the importance of bilateral and multilateral arrangements for the promo-tion of meteorological and hydrological services and urged Members to provide the WMO Secretariat with information pertaining to such types of assistance.10.16 The Association noted that some of the projects identifi ed in the Needs Analysis for the Strengthening of Pacifi c Islands Meteorological Services: Meeting the Challenges report had been formulated and/or implemented following the development of the Strategic Action Plan for the Development of Meteorology in the Pacifi c Region (2000–2009) in 2000.10.17 In that connection, the Association was pleased to note that WMO had initiated the develop-ment of a project proposal concerning the adaptation to climate change and variability and strengthening of meteorological and hydrological facilities for DPM in SIDS in the Pacifi c with the support of the Government of Finland, and requested the Secretary-General to submit the project proposal to the Government of Finland, for funding. The Association requested WMO to ensure the sustainability of the meteorological infrastructures and services supported by the project. 10.18 The Association noted that several countries affected by natural disasters had received support within the framework of the WMO Natural Disaster Assistance Fund for Meteorological and Hydrological Services (Emergency Assistance Fund), through donations from Member countries and private companies, for reha-bilitating networks of stations and associated facilities destroyed by natural disasters. The Association, appre-ciating the assistance provided under the Emergency Assistance Fund and the VCP to the NMHSs in the South-West Pacifi c affected by Tropical Cyclone Heta, encouraged Members to apply to the Fund when they needed emergency assistance for rehabilitation. The Association urged Members to contribute to the Fund.10.19 Noting that there were a number of poten-tial WMO Members, for example the Marshall Islands,

Nauru, Palau, Timor-Leste, Tokelau and Tuvalu, the Association expressed its hope that those countries would become Members of WMO. It urged Members and development partners, with the support of WMO, to take necessary steps to assist them in the develop-ment of national meteorological infrastructures and services. 10.20 The Association requested the Secretary-General to continue his efforts to strengthen regional and technical cooperation activities for meeting the requirements of Members in the Region.

11. NATURAL DISASTER PREVENTION AND MITIGATION PROGRAMME — REGIONAL ASPECTS (agenda item 11)

11.1 The Association recalled Resolution 29 (Cg-XIV) by which Congress (Geneva, May 2003) had decided to initiate a major programme on DPM. 11.2 The Association further recalled that the fi fty-sixth session of the Executive Council (Geneva, June 2004) had established the Executive Council Advisory Group on Natural Disaster Prevention and Mitigation as a continuous mechanism to review and advise on those matters on a regular basis.11.3 The Association noted that the fi fty-seventh session of the Executive Council (Geneva, June 2005) had endorsed the recommendations of the fi rst Meeting of the Advisory Group (Geneva, March 2005) and adopted the Revised DPM Implementation Plan and related high-priority actions. 11.4 The Association stressed that carrying out the Revised DPM Implementation Plan required a cross-cutting framework involving close collaboration and coordination of the DPM-related activities of WMO Programmes, regional associations, technical commis-sions and NMHSs. The Association noted that several structures were being established to enhance the coor-dination of activities, including:(a) National DPM focal points nominated by the

Permanent Representatives. The Association invited those that had not yet nominated their national focal points to do so, as soon as possible;

(b) Regional Association Working Groups on DPM;(c) DPM Rapporteurs within the Management

Group;(d) A Steering Committee on Disaster Reduction

within the WMO Secretariat. The Association urged the national focal points to coordinate their activities with the DPM Programme and to network at the subregional level according to their different requirements and interests. The Association also stressed the need for effective collab-oration between the network of focal points and the RA V Working Group on Natural Disaster Prevention and Mitigation. 11.5 The Association noted the signifi cant contributions made by WMO to the successful preparation and outcomes of the WCDR, held in Kobe, Hyogo (Japan). The Association considered the benefi ts of that proactive participation to be the result


of effective coordination through the cross-cutting activities of DPM. The Association acknowledged the WCDR outcomes refl ected in the the Hyogo Declaration and the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005–2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters as a means to provide a vehicle to expand the international recognition of the importance of hydrometeorological information and services to disaster risk reduction. The Association noted that the Hyogo Framework for Action called for an integrated, multi-hazard approach to disaster risk reduction and provided fi ve priorities for action. The Association noted that natural disasters were a major consideration for RA V and acknowledged that WMO, RA V and NMHSs were in an excellent position to take a leading role at the international, regional and national levels, respectively, particularly in the second priority for action: Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning, while also contributing to the other four priorities for action.11.6 The Association acknowledged the actions of the DPM Programme Offi ce to execute the Revised DPM Implementation Plan and noted that in 2005–2006 the DPM Programme was giving the highest priority to: (a) integrating cross-cutting activities of WMO Programmes by identifying and giving priority to gaps and needs in each WMO Region and address-ing them in a systematic and sustainable manner; (b) facilitating strategic partnerships; and (c) assisting Members in strengthening their capacity for hazard mapping and their input to risk assessment for hydrom-eteorological hazards. The Association noted that in 2006–2007, through the cross-cutting framework of the DPM Programme, WMO would also initiate: (a) an advocacy campaign on DPM to enhance the visibil-ity of NMHSs; (b) a fundraising campaign in support of regional and national DPM-related projects; and (c) enhanced communication and knowledge transfer on DPM-related matters. 11.7 The Association acknowledged that three fact-fi nding preliminary projects, namely: (a) regional-level DPM assessments; (b) country-level DPM assessments; and (c) documentation of DPM activities of major WMO Programmes, were being implemented. The Association noted that the goal was to analyse DPM capabilities as well as major gaps and needs in all WMO Regions (regional capacities) and for all WMO Members (national capacities), and, in parallel, to systematically document the current status of WMO Programme activities related to DPM at the regional and national levels. The Association stressed that the outcomes of those assessments would be critical to identifying WMO DPM goals and priorities in the area of DPM for each Region. The Association urged Members to send their responses to the country-level DPM assessments, if they had not already done so.11.8 The Association noted that those results would be reviewed and analysed during a meeting of the Executive Council Advisory Group on Natural Disaster Prevention and Mitigation in late 2006 to provide recommendations for WMO’s strategic goals

and priorities in strengthening DPM capacities for disaster risk reduction in each of WMO’s six Regions. 11.9 The Association also noted that the DPM Programme, in coordination with other Programmes, planned to convene a multidisciplinary expert meet-ing in late 2007, involving DPM representatives from the technical commissions, the regional associations and WMO Programmes, to review the results of the three DPM surveys and the recommendations of the Executive Council Advisory Group on Natural Disaster Prevention and Mitigation. The goal of that expert meeting would be to identify concrete project areas related to enhancing capacities in WMO’s core areas supporting disaster risk reduction in each Region. Those project areas would be identifi ed by building on the activities of WMO Programmes, regional asso-ciations and technical commissions in a coordinated fashion to address WMO’s goals in a more systematic and sustainable manner. A set of DPM performance measures would also be developed through the multi-disciplinary expert team to monitor implementation and success of the projects implemented through a coordinated approach of WMO Programmes.11.10 The Association noted that during the fi fty-seventh session of the Executive Council four major areas of gaps and needs in DPM had been highlighted, and it had been requested that, while the DPM Programme conducted the systematic DPM assessment surveys, in parallel, it should proceed with initiating a number of key projects through the coordination of activities of relevant WMO Programmes, in support of the NMHSs. Those included:(a) Compiling a catalogue of weather-, climate- and

water-related hazards and their impacts;(b) Building capacity for weather-, water-, and

climate-related hazard mapping and data input and expertise in support of hydrometeorological risk assessment;

(c) Education, training and public outreach programmes and related modules for NMHSs;

(d) DPM-related emergency response support to NMHSs for the provision of forecasts and other relevant post-disaster services, in support of their activities during emergency response operations.

11.11 The Association noted the leading role of WMO in participating in: (a) the Global Survey of Early Warning Systems requested by the United Nations Secretary-General; (b) the third International Conference on Early Warning, sponsored by the Government of Germany and held in March 2006 in Bonn (Germany); and (c) the development of the International Early Warning Programme being facili-tated by the ISDR Platform for the Promotion of Early Warning.11.12 The Association noted the recommenda-tion made by ISDR that, to be effective, early warning systems must be people-centered and must integrate four elements: (a) knowledge of the risks faced; (b) a technical monitoring and warning service; (c) the dissemination of meaningful warnings to those at risk; and (d) public awareness and preparedness to act.

GENERAL SUMMARY 35

Failure in any one of those elements could mean fail-ure of the whole early warning system.11.13 The Association acknowledged that with a deep commitment to fostering partnerships for advancing the Hyogo Framework for Action, particu-larly related to identifying, assessing and monitoring disaster risks and enhancing early warnings, follow-ing the third International Conference on Early Warning, WMO was planning a multi-agency meet-ing of experts, the Symposium on Multi-Hazard Early Warning Systems for Integrated Disaster Risk Management, to be held from 23 to 24 May 2006, at WMO Headquarters in Geneva (Switzerland). The Symposium would convene a multidisciplinary group of experts to discuss major challenges and recom-mend an implementation framework, with concrete actions at international, regional and national levels to address legal, legislative, fi nancial, organizational, scientifi c and technical, operational, training and capacity-building aspects for the implementation of effective end-to-end early warning systems.11.14 The Association noted that natural disasters caused by a wide range of extreme hydrometeorologi-cal conditions, such as tropical cyclones, monsoons and fl oods, as well as other hazards, such as earth-quakes and tsunamis, presented a signifi cant risk in RA V. The Association further stressed that understand-ing the linkages between climate change and climate variability and extreme hydrometeorological events would be crucial for the development of preventive measures in the Region. The Association noted that the activities of WMO under the cross-cutting frame-work of the DPM Programme in RA V should be aligned with the Pacifi c Disaster Risk Reduction and Disaster Management Framework for Action 2006–2015, that had been endorsed by the leaders at the Pacifi c Islands Forum meeting held in October 2005 as part of the Pacifi c Plan for Strengthening Regional Cooperation and Integration. The Draft Strategy for Enhancing Early Warning for Pacifi c Island Countries related to one of the fi ve themes under the Pacifi c Framework and had been developed by regional agen-cies and development partners under the leadership of SOPAC.11.15 The Association noted WMO’s contributions to the establishment of the Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System, particularly related to upgrading the WMO GTS, where needed, for the exchange of tsunami-related information and warnings. The Association stressed the potential vulnerability of its Members to tsunamis that were generated and propagated in the Pacifi c Ocean, as underlined by the recent Tongan earthquake. It recognized the importance of the Pacifi c Tsunami Warning System in providing timely warning information to Members, as well as the need for Members themselves to develop their national capabilities to receive and respond to the information. The Association therefore requested WMO to work closely with the IOC in enhancing communications and response capabilities in the Region and in encouraging Members to join the Pacifi c Tsunami

Warning System (see also general summary paragraph 4.3.8). The Association also noted that WMO, in close collaboration with IOC, was taking the initiative to assist Members in enhancing warning capacities and educational and training programmes of the NMHSs which had been designated as national tsunami focal points by their respective governments.11.16 The Association stressed that WMO, in collaboration with SOPAC, should support and assist Members in developing national disaster plans and urged its Members to participate actively in the prep-aration of their national plans. Furthermore, that process would aid in strengthening their linkages to the national disaster platforms and national emer-gency structures.11.17 The Association noted the critical need for strategic partnerships with other organizations at the international, regional and national levels, based on their complementary roles and activities and their value added towards advancing DPM goals. At the international level, the Association specifi cally noted the partnerships initiated by the DPM Programme in support of the DPM activities of Members, specifi -cally noting the ISDR, UNESCO and IOC, the World Bank, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, UNDP, the United Nations Offi ce for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs and the United Nations Insitute for Training and Research. The Association acknowledged the partner-ship with ESCAP for hosting the Typhoon Committee in the Asia-Pacifi c region over the last four decades. The Association urged further strengthening of part-nerships with ASEAN, the IOC Sub-Commission for the Western Pacifi c and SOPAC, particularly through the identifi cation of clear joint goals and activities. The Association also urged NMHSs to seek targeted partnerships at the national level and through partici-pation in the national disaster reduction platforms.11.18 The Association noted a critical issue faced by some RA V Members in trying to put into place an early warning system, namely the high costs involved in acquiring and maintaining the various software needed for the system. The Association asked WMO to explore the possible ways and means so that special consideration could be accorded to facilitate the realization of disaster mitigation and prevention measures.11.19 The Association adopted Resolution 15 (XIV-RA V), which established a Working Group on Natural Disaster Prevention and Mitigation. The Association requested the Secretary-General to take the necessary measures, within the available budgetary resources, to support the activities of the Group. The Association requested the Working Group, in liaison with the RA V Management Group and considering relevant plans of the Association, to identify specifi c tasks to be undertaken.11.20 The Association urged the RA V Working Group on DPM, in consultation with the president of RA V and the WMO Secretariat, to take adequate actions in the preparation of a regional plan to support


the implementation of the DPM Programme in the Region.

12. WMO SPACE PROGRAMME — REGIONAL ASPECTS (agenda item 12)

WMO SPACE PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

12.1 The Association noted that the WMO Space Programme Implementation Plan for 2004–2007, as contained in Section 4 of and Annex III to the report of the fourth session of the WMO Consultative Meetings on High-level Policy on Satellite Matters (the report is available at: http://www.wmo.int/web/sat/publica-tions/CM-4_Final_Report.doc), had been approved by the fi fty-sixth session of the WMO Executive Council, and that the Implementation Plan provided further details to the WMO Space Programme Long-term Strategy as approved in the 6LTP by Fourteenth Congress.12.2 The Association agreed that it would assign a rapporteur to work with the WMO Space Programme for the implementation of regional aspects of the WMO Space Programme Implementation Plan and, in particular, regional advanced dissemination meth-ods within the context of the planned Integrated Global Data Dissemination Service. In that regard, the Association appointed a Rapporteur for the WMO Space Programme with the terms of reference contained in Resolution 16 (XIV-RA V), which was adopted.12.3 The Association agreed that WMO, through its Space Programme, had acted as a catalyst to greatly improve the utilization of satellite data and products. The Virtual Laboratory for Education and Training in Satellite Meteorology had already made a consider-able impact through its “centres of excellence”. The Association was pleased to see the integration of the new research and development (R&D) constellation into education and training activities. It also noted that the WMO Space Programme Long-term Strategy and associated Implementation Plan provided for increased utilization of the Virtual Laboratory to the benefi t of WMO Members, especially for fuller exploi-tation of R&D data, products and services, as well as those from new and existing operational meteorologi-cal satellite systems.

13. INFORMATION AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS PROGRAMME — REGIONAL ASPECTS (agenda item 13)

13.1 The Association recalled that Resolution 23 (Cg-XIV) — Information and Public Affairs Programme, had underlined the need for greater visibility of the Organization and NMHSs, the importance of commu-nications in mitigating the devastating impact of extreme weather and climate events, and the need for a WMO Global Communication Strategy to guide and enhance the process of making NMHSs and WMO more visible and better appreciated.13.2 The Association welcomed the Global Communication Strategy of the Organization which

comprised fi ve basic elements: projecting a unifi ed and consolidated image of WMO and NMHSs; constituency-building both at the national and regional levels; spreading key messages giving a local voice to a global undertaking and vision; fostering strategic alliances with the media; and promoting a communication culture that would demonstrate the high relevance of WMO and NMHSs to the daily lives of all citizens of the world. In that context, the Association noted with appreciation the increased interaction between the WMO Communications and Public Affairs Offi ce and national Information and Public Affairs (IPA) Focal Points and the electronic access for Members to the quarterly WMO press review. The Association encouraged its Members to provide their IPA Focal Points with the necessary support to discharge their responsibilities effectively. In light of the invitation by Congress to strengthen regional public outreach activities, the Association called upon its Members to consider designating a regional IPA Focal Point who might work for a short period with the Communications and Public Affairs Offi ce at WMO Headquarters to launch regionally targeted outreach activities. The Focal Point would be the team leader of a core group of IPA Focal Points of NMHSs which would assist the Secretariat in promoting the image of WMO and NMHSs at the regional level. The Association welcomed the invita-tion addressed to United Nations offi ces in the fi eld for enhanced interaction with NMHSs.13.3 The Association welcomed the initia-tive to consult Members on WMO publications and expressed great satisfaction with the revamped Bulletin and MeteoWorld. Those new products were available in print copy and online. The Association also welcomed the online News entry and invited its Members to contribute up-to-date information about their activi-ties that were of interest to the general public.13.4 The Association took note of the numerous press releases and Info Notes issued on specifi c WMO topics related to weather, climate and water, and on activities aimed at preventing and mitigating natural disasters. It requested the Secretary-General to pursue his efforts in keeping the media fully briefed on major issues involving WMO and NMHSs.13.5 The Association noted the increase in visits by the public to WMO Headquarters, notably by students on study tours from universities and academic institu-tions from the Region.13.6 The Association encouraged its Members to translate into local languages and widely disseminate the cartoon, We care for our climate (WMO-No. 975).13.7 In response to Resolution 23 (Cg-XIV), the Association invited its Members to ensure mutual assistance and support in matters related to public information and communication, including partnerships and constituency-building, resource mobilization and closer cooperation with the media, non-governmental organizations and advocacy groups, academic circles, parliamentarians, schools, universities, national meteorological and hydrological

GENERAL SUMMARY 37

societies, the private sector and corporate foundations and other civil society institutions and public fi gures. 13.8 The Association recalled the request made by Congress that the best possible use of available and extrabudgetary resources be made to strengthen the IPA Programme. It further noted with appreciation the private sector sponsoring of WMO greeting cards and the electronic access to them for NMHSs which allowed them to freely use the card while adding their logo. 13.9 The Association requested the Secretary-General to ensure that the IPA Programme continued to take advantage of available technologies for timely transmission and easy access to the media and public information materials issued by WMO and NMHSs. It welcomed the continued development of the News Centre on the WMO website and the actions taken to establish a linkage between the WMO website and those of NMHSs. The Association requested Members to take steps to set up on the front page of their websites an entry on WMO which identifi ed the Service as being part of a world system and showed the public how NMHSs worked with WMO. The Association encour-aged its Members to make use of the “News from WMO Members” segment of the online News Centre. Furthermore, it welcomed the electronic access for NMHSs to publications and artwork for major events, including World Meteorological Day. 13.10 The Association welcomed WMO’s outreach activities for radio and television networks and communication professionals. It requested the Secretary-General to undertake further training activi-ties for NMHSs aimed at improving their presentation and communication skills.13.11 The Association noted with appreciation the comprehensive public information kit for World Water Day in 2004 on the theme of “Water and Disasters”, developed and disseminated worldwide by WMO, which, jointly with ISDR, had been the lead agency within the United Nations system for the global public information campaign about the Day. A website and e-mail address for World Water Day in 2004 had been set up by WMO. The Association welcomed the public information products disseminated to all Members in support of national plans for the celebration of World Meteorological Day in 2004 on the theme of “Weather, Climate and Water in the Information Age”, in 2005 on the theme of “Weather, Climate, Water and Sustainable Development”, and in 2006 on the theme of “Preventing and Mitigating Natural Disasters”. The Association requested the Secretary-General to arrange for the timely transmission of WMO information materials to NMHSs in order to allow for timely outreach to the public.13.12 The Association requested the Secretary-General to arrange for the participation of the Secretariat in relevant international exhibitions in order to promote the visibility of WMO and NMHSs. It welcomed the information campaigns set up by the IPA Programme on the occasion of major events, such as the 150th Anniversary of International Cooperation in Meteorology, held in Brussels (Belgium) from 17 to 18 November 2003; the “Space

Technology and Human Development” Exhibition, held at the United Nations Headquarters in New York (United States) from 11 to 22 October 2004; the tenth session of the UNFCCC COP, held in Buenos Aires (Argentina) from 6 to 17 December 2004; the International Meeting to Review the Implementation of the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States, held in Mauritius from 10 to 14 January 2005; the WCDR, held in Kobe, Hyogo (Japan), from 18 to 22 January 2005; the European Earth and Space Week, held in Brussels (Belgium) from 12 to 20 February 2005; the seventh session of the UNCCD COP, held in Nairobi (Kenya) from 17 to 28 October 2005; the eleventh session of the UNFCCC COP and the fi rst meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol, held in Montreal (Canada) from 28 November to 9 December 2005; and the third Conference on Early Warning, held in Bonn (Germany) from 27 to 29 March 2006. Such campaigns encompassed press conferences, information kits, specifi c media products and exhibitions. The Association noted with appreciation that the activities of WMO and its Members had also been given visibility at vari-ous international exhibitions and events in Geneva (Switzerland), and in the United Nations Pavilion at EXPO 2005 in Japan. 13.13 The Association saw great benefi t in the public service announcements aired by CNN International, on the initiative of WMO, to enhance visibility of the relevance of the activities of NMHSs. In addition, a 12-minute fi lm in English entitled The Other Side of Paradise had been produced for television on WMO’s contribution to the sustainable development of SIDS. The fi lm had also been shown to participants at the International Meeting to Review the Implementation of the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States and the WCDR. The Other Side of Paradise had been chosen as an exhibit at Stories from the Field, the fi rst United Nations Documentary Film Festival.13.14 The Association welcomed the progress made in the “branding” of the Organization, and the fact that the subtitle “weather, climate and water” featured prominently on all offi cial documentation, correspondence and publications, as requested by Congress.13.15 The Association called upon Members to take appropriate measures to support the IPA Programme, to develop an active public information programme at the national and regional levels and to implement the WMO Global Communication Strategy, giving a local voice to a global vision, and to make relevant material produced at national level available to the Secretariat. 13.16 The Association noted with satisfaction the efforts of the Subregional Offi ce in Samoa as an infor-mation focal point in the Region. In order to enhance WMO’s IPA Programme in the Region, it requested the Subregional Offi ce to further support the efforts of Association Members in promoting public information activities.


14. LONG-TERM PLANNING — REGIONAL ASPECTS (agenda item 14)

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS

14.1 The Association agreed on the importance of identifying what WMO should be aspiring to as a basis for the WMO long-term planning, particularly in connection with its leadership role. The Association further agreed that information about the issues that concerned Members would help in formulating an effective strategy on how to address those concerns. For the Region, those included the mitigation of natural disasters, improvement of forecasts, warnings and risks assessments, enhancement of communica-tions and improved understanding and prediction of climate change and variability.14.2 The Association underscored the importance of support to policy formulation and implementation by WMO (and NMHSs) in relation to natural disasters, climate and water, as well as in other sectors such as aviation, agriculture, health and planning.14.3 The Association agreed on the importance of ensuring better appreciation of the socio-economic value of NMHS products in the planning process. WMO and NMHSs, in partnership with other agen-cies and user groups, should undertake studies on the social and economic value of meteorological and related products. Those could help to secure better recognition of, and more adequate resources for, WMO and NMHSs, thus enabling further improvement in services.14.4 The Association considered that the WMO Long-term Plans were of use to it as they provided broad guidance, especially for the further develop-ment of relevant service provision in the future. They also facilitated the better organization of WMO’s work, as well as that of RA V and its Members’ NMHSs.

SIXTH WMO LONG-TERM PLAN

14.5 The Association expressed its appreciation for the publication of the 6LTP and a separate summary for decision makers which identifi ed the results expected and how those would be realized. It noted that that would help governments to better understand the way in which WMO and Members’ NMHSs worked and their contributions, thus helping them to obtain enhanced fi nancial and other support.14.6 The Association agreed on the importance of ensuring the appropriate implementation of the 6LTP, as well as the related monitoring and evaluation of its implementation. The Association requested its presi-dent to ensure that the relevant contribution expected from RA V was provided in the pertinent evaluation process, particularly with respect to the realization of the nine WMO strategies.14.7 The Association felt that in the implementa-tion of the 6LTP it was important to bear in mind that WMO and NMHSs had to address diverse interests and needs, and that the operating environment also continued to change. In that regard, the implementa-tion of the 6LTP should be adapted to those changes.

14.8 The Association noted that an evaluation of the implementation of the 6LTP and the nine WMO strategies had been carried out. It further noted that that evaluation had been mainly qualitative and had been based on input from programmes and a draft WMO Secretariat programme performance report for the biennium 2004–2005. The Assocation agreed on the need for quantitative measures of performance which should be included in the 7LTP framework.

PREPARATION OF THE SEVENTH WMO LONG-TERM PLAN

14.9 The Association agreed that the following trends, needs and developments should be taken into account in the preparation of the 7LTP:(a) Increasing diversifi cation of economies;(b) Developments in science and technology;(c) Responses to climate change;(d) Need for relevant investments in developing

countries; (e) Need for capacity-building and bridging the

gaps;(f) Need for effective early warning systems includ-

ing backup situations.14.10 The Association also agreed that attention should be given to poverty alleviation, rapid changes in information technology, increasing competitiveness among stakeholders in a growing market economy, changes in science and technology, and research needs to accommodate various challenges.14.11 The Association agreed on the following priority areas of concern for Region V:(a) Natural disaster prevention and reduction, espe-

cially improving early warning systems through timely dissemination of information, enhanced communications systems (including backup) and access to data and products relating to tropi-cal cyclones, fl oods, severe thunderstorms, fl ash fl oods, monsoons, earthquakes, tsunamis and other extreme weather events;

(b) Maintenance and strengthening of the WWW Programme, in particular WWW regional aspects of GTS, GOS and GDPFS, with high priority given to taking into consideration system life cycles. In that connection, the capacity of RSMC Nadi and ASMC Singapore should be further strengthened to enhance services and products provided to NMCs in the Region;

(c) Improved understanding and prediction of the nature of climate change and variability as well as droughts and extreme weather events in the Region, especially with respect to the impact of sea level rise on low-lying islands and countries with extensive coastlines;

(d) Implementation of operational hydrology activ-ities in the Region, in particular assistance to foster the implementation of Pacifi c-HYCOS to prevent the increasing scarcity, gradual destruc-tion and increased pollution of freshwater resources;

GENERAL SUMMARY 39

(e) Enhancement of human resources development through education and training activities, with particular emphasis on continuing education and training, especially for SIDS and LDCs in the South-West Pacifi c region;

(f) Strengthening the collaboration with relevant regional bodies, especially ASEAN, ESCAP, the IOC Sub-Commission for the Western Pacifi c, SPREP and SOPAC.

In connection with the above, the Association referred to its discussions under agenda item 15.1: Brainstorming with emphasis on special concerns of the Region, in which the following regional concerns and priorities were identifi ed and addressed:(a) The observation network;(b) Communication networks;(c) Weather, climate and water services;(d) Aviation weather services;(e) Research;(f) Training;(g) Capacity-building;(h) Sustainability;(i) Interaction with other agencies and institutions.14.12 The Association was informed of the delib-erations of the Executive Council Working Group on Long-term Planning, which had met from 28 to 31 March 2006 in Geneva, relating to WMO long-term planning. Those included the proposal for develop-ing a WMO Strategic Plan (2008–2011) with strong emphasis on enhanced performance assessment through the identifi cation of expected results, key performance indicators and key performance targets. The Association stressed the importance of addressing the concerns of stakeholders in the development of the Strategic Plan.

RA V STRATEGIC PLAN

14.13 Consistent with the WMO long-term plan-ning system, the Association also discussed the development of its RA V Strategic Plan (see agenda item 16.3). The Association underscored the impor-tance of ensuring a strong linkage between the RA V Plan and the overall WMO Long-term Plan. A suitable mechanism should be in place for the development of the RA V Strategic Plan; the Association requested its president to oversee that process.

15. EMERGING ISSUES AND SPECIFIC CHALLENGES (agenda item 15)

15.1 BRAINSTORMING WITH EMPHASIS ON SPECIAL CONCERNS OF THE REGION (agenda item 15.1)

15.1.1 The Association held a special brainstorm-ing session to identify and discuss the special concerns of the Region, in particular the ways to enhance regional cooperation in order to contribute to improving services provided by NMHSs through-out the Region and to optimize the use of their resources.15.1.2 The Association carried out the brainstorm-ing under the chairmanship of the acting president

assisted by Mr G.R. Foley (Australia), who served as rapporteur.15.1.3 During the session, the Association high-lighted the following regional concerns and priorities:(a) The observation network: There were concerns

about the effectiveness of the observation system in the Region as a basis for weather and climate services. The provision of suitable instrumenta-tion for observations made by SIDS would enable better reporting of a more complete set of weather and climate elements.

(b) Communication networks: Incorporating regional communication networks into WIS was a challenge in the Region. An effective commu-nication system with appropriate bandwidth was critical to operations throughout the Region as the volume of data was increasing signifi cantly. As communication costs were high in the Pacifi c, which limited data communication, opportu-nities existed to utilize specialized systems for aeronautical meteorology, RANET, HF radio and EMWIN and possible future partnerships as had occurred with EUMETCast in Europe.

(c) Weather, climate and water services: The need to further strengthen NWP capability and use within the Region was seen as a priority by some Members. That included issues such as the affordability of components and ingesting data and fi elds to facilitate running the models. Challenges in providing forecasting and seasonal outlook services in SIDS, particularly in a tropical environment, with predictability expected on a range of scales from seasonal to nowcasting were highlighted. The provision of effective warn-ing services was of key importance, especially in support of disaster mitigation strategies. Tsunami warning services were a priority. Storm surge modelling was also important. Dealing with the media in light of an increase in the globalization of media services was a challenge in the Region.

(d) Aviation weather services: Enhancement of avia-tion weather services in SIDS was a priority. Aviation also played a major role in the provision of humanitarian relief and was dependent on the rapid recovery of aviation weather services in a post-disaster environment. The WMO/ICAO part-nership in training needed to continue.

(e) Research: More research work on the La Niña phenomenon, particularly regarding predictabil-ity in the critical transition period between “wet” and “dry” seasons, was needed for longer-term forecasting, and there was a need to continue research into regional weather and climate phenomena.

(f) Training: The need to build capacity in manage-ment and administrative training for NHMSs in order to produce effective plans was underscored. Assistance was still required in general meteoro-logical training as well as that for the provision of new services such as tsunami early warnings.


(g) Capacity-building: There was a need to look for opportunities to improve the overall infrastruc-ture throughout the region through funding gained by undertaking specifi c projects, taking advantage of the inherent strengths of NHMSs to attract those resources. Strengthening part-nerships between developed countries and LDCs for the mutual benefi t of both was stressed. Development of an effective strategic plan that delivered the desired outcomes for the Region was proposed.

(h) Sustainability: Funding diffi culties were being encountered by many Members in terms of the provision of basic observations and services. There was a lack of funding support to maintain basic, robust operations for SIDS. Any support received needed to be considered from a sustain-ability view-point, not as a one-off investment with little or no follow-up.

(i) Interaction with other agencies and institutions:There was a need to strengthen the Region’s interaction with other agencies (e.g. SPREP and SOPAC) on Pacifi c-wide environmental issues, such as adaptation to climate change. At the same time, there was a need for consistent and independent reporting of WMO activities in the Region to gain a more enhanced profi le, in addition to reporting them through other forums. Enhancement of the capability of the WMO Subregional Offi ce in Apia (Samoa) was underscored.

15.1.4 The Association took those concerns and priorities into account in connection with agenda items 14: Long-term planning — Regional aspects and 16.3: Strategic Action Plan for the Development of Meteorology in the Pacifi c Region 2000–2009.

15.2 FOLLOW-UP ON MULTILATERAL DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENTS (agenda item 15.2)

15.2.1 The Association expressed its appreciation to the Secretary-General for the follow-up on multilat-eral development agreements.15.2.2 The Association requested the Secretary-General to continue to contribute to the implementation of the programmes for action, or the relevant resolu-tions or decisions adopted at summits and conferences such as the United Nations Millennium Summit (New York, 2000), the third United Nations Conference on Least Developed Countries (Brussels, 2001), the WSSD (Johannesburg, 2002), the World Food Summit (Rome, 2002), the World Summit on the Information Society (Geneva, 2003; Tunis, 2005), the International Meeting to Review the Implementation of the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States (Mauritius, 2005), the second WCDR (Kobe, Hyogo, 2005), and other relevant regional and international strategies and Plans of Action. 15.2.3 The Association requested the Secretary-General to develop relevant projects and enter into special agreements with the European Commission and

ESCAP for the implementation of those programmes in RA V.15.2.4 The Association recalled that the Fourteenth World Meteorological Congress in May 2003 had established the WMO Programme for the LDCs, with the main objective of improving the capaci-ties of the NMHSs of LDCs to contribute effectively to the sustainable development of the countries concerned.15.2.5 Recognizing the importance of the WMO Programme for the LDCs, the Association requested the Secretary-General and Members to pursue their efforts for its effective implementation for the benefi t of the LDCs in the Region.15.2.6 The Association requested the Secretary-General to ensure that WMO actively participated in the mid-term comprehensive review of the implemen-tation of the Brussels Programme of Action for LDCs at the regional level in collaboration and coordination with ESCAP and other partners.

15.3 EVALUATION OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC BENEFITS (agenda item 15.3)

15.3.1 The Association expressed its apprecia-tion to the Secretary-General for having planned to organize the WMO International Conference on Secure and Sustainable Living: Social and Economic Benefi ts of Weather, Climate and Water Services, to be held in Madrid (Spain) from 19 to 22 March 2007.15.3.2 The socio-economic benefi t studies presented at the International Conference should help to demonstrate NMHSs’ contribution to the realization of national development goals. Hence, the resources attributed to NMHSs could and should be seen as investments rather than expenditures.15.3.3 The Association agreed that the Conference’s scope and objectives should be such as to gener-ate a better appreciation of the relevant social and economic benefi ts available to the wide range of pertinent stakeholders. The participation of such stakeholders, including decision makers, user groups, development planners, economists and social scien-tists, should be strongly encouraged. Moreover, special efforts should be extended to facilitate the participa-tion of some eminent fi gures, which would help to give further credence and draw special attention to the Conference.15.3.4 In view of the limited capacity of NMHSs in RA V, in particular in developing countries, in terms of socio-economic benefi t studies, the Association requested the Secretary-General to assist NMHSs to increase their capacities in that area through national training seminars/workshops.

15.4 EVOLUTION OF WMO AND NMHSS — REGIONAL ASPECTS (agenda item 15.4)

15.4.1 The role and operation of NMHSs were closely linked to many other issues of major interest to WMO and NMHSs. It was also recognized that such links should be carefully considered and should be

GENERAL SUMMARY 41

such as to help WMO, its Members and their NMHSs to strengthen complementary and strategic alliances as well as to meet the major challenges facing the Organization and its commitments. In that connec-tion, the Association considered that the particular issues of interest to the Region were:(a) Strengthening the activities of WMO and NMHSs

with partners in dealing with natural disasters and poverty;

(b) Sustainable development;(c) Promotion of cooperation with NMHSs in other

Regions;(d) Capacity-building for human resources and institu-

tional development as part of bridging the gap.

STATEMENT ON THE ROLE AND OPERATION OF NMHSS

15.4.2 The Association recalled that the Executive Council had agreed that two outward-looking Executive Council statements on the role and opera-tion of NMHSs would be prepared, namely:(a) A succinct, forceful and well-targeted statement

addressed to decision makers;(b) A more extended statement for Directors and other

senior offi cials of NMHSs for their guidance.15.4.3 The Council had agreed on its statement relat-ing to decision makers (see Annex III to the present report). That statement described the international settings which were of interest to decision makers and urged support for NMHSs from the decision makers, by identifying what they did and how that contrib-uted to meeting societal needs and national strategic planning. 15.4.4 In that connection, the Association agreed with the Council on the importance of a commu-nication strategy to help facilitate the favourable consideration of those statements and other relevant WMO position papers by decision makers.

ROLE AND OPERATION OF NATIONAL HYDROLOGICAL SERVICES

15.4.5 The Association also recognized the need to address the more general question of enhanc-ing the role of NHSs in the framework of WMO. The Association recalled that the Council, noting the diverse but close relationship between NMSs and NHSs, had requested that consideration be given to how that diverse range of relationships could best be represented in the framework of WMO.

OTHER CONSIDERATIONS

15.4.6 The Association recognized the impor-tance of and need for strengthening the capacities of NMHSs, particularly through training in such relatively new areas as management, partnerships, networking, communication, user interaction, cost recovery, commercialization, and valuation of the socio-economic benefi ts of meteorological and related services.15.4.7 The Association also emphasized the impor-tance of continually assessing the role and operation of NMHSs in light of the rapid changes occurring and

of identifying appropriate actions that might be taken by NMHSs and WMO. 15.4.8 The Association agreed that it was impor-tant to address the relevant priority areas of concern which provided challenges and opportunities for its Members. The Association therefore called upon its Members to take appropriate action. Moreover, it felt that the Directors of NMHSs should be proactive in that regard.

POSSIBLE CHANGES TO THE WMO CONVENTION

15.4.9 The Association expressed its appreciation to the chairperson of the Executive Council Task Team to Explore and Assess the Possible Changes to the WMO Convention for his work and took note of his report. The Association looked forward to a full discussion of that matter at the fi fty-eighth session of the Executive Council in June 2006.

15.5 INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE OF DATA AND PRODUCTS (agenda item 15.5)

15.5.1 The Association noted various developments relating to the international exchange of meteoro-logical, hydrological, oceanographic and aeronautical meteorological data and products.15.5.2 The Association encouraged its Members to continue their support of the international exchange of meteorological and related data and products, particu-larly by observing the letter and spirit of Resolution 40 (Cg-XII) — WMO policy and practice for the exchange of meteorological and related data and products including guidelines on relationships in commercial meteorologi-cal activities, and Resolution 25 (Cg-XIII) — Exchange of hydrological data and products.15.5.3 The Association recognized that Members had certain concerns in connection with the interna-tional exchange and provision of meteorological and related data and products at the national level. It there-fore requested the Secretary-General to arrange for Members to be provided with additional information and guidance material relating to the implementa-tion of Resolution 40 (Cg-XII), taking into account relevant experiences gained since the Resolution had been adopted.15.5.4 The Association expressed its concern about the adverse impact on VOS data availability caused by the potentially serious risks associated with the availability of VOS call signs and position data. The Association stressed that urgent appropriate meas-ures needed to be taken (see also general summary paragraph 7.4.9).15.5.5 The Association also reiterated the importance of ensuring the appropriate exchange of hydrological and climate data and products.

15.6 WMO QUALITY MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK (agenda item 15.6)

15.6.1 The Association recalled that Fourteenth Congress had decided through Resolution 27 (Cg-XIV) that WMO should work towards a Quality Management Framework (QMF) for NMSs which would eventually


include and develop the following distinct, though related, elements which could be addressed possibly on a phased basis:(a) WMO technical standards;(b) Quality management system(s) including quality

control;(c) Certifi cation procedure(s).15.6.2 The Association felt that further training in the Region was necessary and requested the Secretary-General to organize capacity-building efforts, and to consider training attachments to other NMHSs already practising quality management. The Association agreed that training events, such as regional technical conferences to be held in the Region, should address the WMO QMF by including that topic in their programmes. 15.6.3 The Association urged Members whose NMSs had successfully implemented a quality manage-ment system to share their experiences with others by making relevant documents available for information and guidance as well as by direct exchange through expert visits within the Region. 15.6.4 The Association noted recent requirements involving certifi cation. The Association noted that implementing a quality management framework certifi cation process might not be easily affordable for some Members of Region V. Therefore, the Association inquired if WMO would be providing assistance. Members were informed that the WMO Secretariat was investigating alternatives for closer collaboration with the International Organization for Standardization which would increase international recognition of WMO technical standards and could result in more affordable alternatives to formal certifi cation.

15.7 GROUP ON EARTH OBSERVATIONS PROCESS (agenda item 15.7)

15.7.1 The Association noted the information on activities related to GEO as well as from the fi fty-sixth session of the WMO Executive Council, which had adopted Resolution 9 (EC-LVI) — Global Earth Observation System of Systems, affi rming its full support for the GEO process and resulting GEOSS.15.7.2 The Association noted that Resolution 9 (EC-LVI) encouraged WMO Members to work closely with other Earth observation agencies at the national level to ensure the development of well-coordinated national plans for GEOSS implementation. In that regard, it appointed a Rapporteur for the GEOSS to work on regional implementation aspects of the GEOSS Implementation Plan with the terms of refer-ence as contained in Resolution 17 (XIV-RA V), which was adopted.15.7.3 The Association observed that the cost of participating in the GEO might not be affordable for developing countries and SIDS. The Association was informed that that concern was being discussed and considered by GEO members, specifi cally to ensure that it was clear that there were no GEO membership fees, and that fellowships might be available to help some Members.

15.8 INTERNAL MATTERS OF WMO (agenda item 15.8)

15.8.1 The Association took advantage of the Secretary-General’s presence at the session to hold a discussion on internal matters of WMO of concern to Members of the Region, particularly in connec-tion with ongoing reform in the WMO Secretariat, including developments in the improvement of the internal control of administrative and fi nancial procedures. 15.8.2 In his presentation, the Secretary-General informed the Association of the continuing efforts being made through the three-phased Secretariat action plan, which was aimed at restoring integrity, promoting transparency and improving effi ciency. He underscored the strengthened oversight in referring to the responsibilities and work of the Audit Committee established by the fi fty-sixth session of the Executive Council; the establishment of the communication line; the new structure of the Internal Oversight Offi ce, and so forth. The strengthening of fi nancial controls included the submission of original documents, special procedures for the payment of fi nancial support, which required the signature of a Letter of Agreement for any expenditure of more than CHF 4 000; the promulga-tion of the Financial Rules; the segregation of duties; the implementation of the Oracle automation project; and the annual audit of fi nancial statements. With respect to procurements, there had been increased outsourcing for support activities; single sourcing had been avoided; competitive bidding had been encour-aged, including for donor-supported purchasing; and there had been strict adherence to bidding outcomes. 15.8.3 With regard to staff issues, the Secretary-General informed the Association on the work being undertaken towards the adoption of a code of ethics for Secretariat staff; fi nancial disclosure and declara-tion of interests by all Directors and staff with regard to investments, procurement and accounting duties; fraud training to raise awareness relative to fraud detection and prevention; establishing a risk manage-ment framework; new rules and procedures governing the hiring of short-term staff; and new procedures to support staff mobility within the Secretariat. Progress made in the area of the WMO Secretariat’s institutional transparency included the regular dissemination of information to the Permanent Representatives through circular letters on major issues; enhancing communi-cation through the MeteoWorld newsletter, the WMO Bulletin and the website; and regular presentations to Missions based in Geneva. The Secretary-General encouraged RA V Members to contribute to the MeteoWorld newsletter.15.8.4 The Secretary-General informed the Association that a Fellowships Committee had been established in January 2004 to maintain a fair selec-tion procedure for WMO fellowships; the fellowships database had been established and improved with the Oracle fi nancial system; a manual on policies and procedures for fellowships would be submitted to the fi fty-eighth session of the Executive Council; and

GENERAL SUMMARY 43

post-fellowship monitoring and follow-up had been further strengthened. In connection with the latter, the Permanent Representatives of RA V Members were requested to ensure that reports on fellows’ activities after their return were provided. 15.8.5 The Secretary-General emphasized that improving effi ciency within the WMO Secretariat was an ongoing process so as to provide better services to Members, who would be kept informed of relevant developments as they evolved. 15.8.6 The Association expressed its appreciation to the Secretary-General for the information provided as well as the opportunity to clarify matters under that agenda item and consider suggestions for further improvement.

16. OTHER REGIONAL ACTIVITIES (agenda item 16)

16.1 FIFTH TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON MANAGEMENT OF METEOROLOGICAL SERVICES IN REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC) (agenda item 16.1)

16.1.1 The Association expressed its appreciation to the Secretary-General for having assisted Members in developing their NMHSs, particularly by organizing regional events, including technical conferences on management to enable them to exchange views on, and share experience in, the management and operation of the Services. The Association noted with appreciation that the fourth Technical Conference on Management of Meteorological and Hydrological Services in RA V had been held in Apia from 5 to 9 December 2005 at the kind invitation of the Government of Samoa. The Association expressed satisfaction that 14 of its Members and one non-Member had participated in the Conference, and that many Directors and senior offi cials of NMHSs had presented lectures or case stud-ies on various topics.16.1.2 The Association noted with satisfaction that Fourteenth Congress had acknowledged the impor-tance of seminars, workshops, study tours and technical conferences. Considering that constant improvement in management techniques and practices was needed for NMHSs to increase the effi ciency of their Services and to improve their ability to address the challenges facing them under fi nancial and other constraints, the Association agreed that the topics discussed at the Conference should be considered from the following:(a) Strategic planning and management of NMHSs;(b) Human resources development and training of

NMHS staff;(c) Building partnerships with stakeholders;(d) Public relations and interaction with the media;(e) Quality management practices;(f) Roles of WMO and NMHSs – Regional and

national perspectives;(g) Disaster prevention and mitigation activities of

NMHSs and their incorporation into national planning.

16.1.3 In considering the organization of such a technical conference in the future, the Association

recommended that the fi fth Technical Conference on Management of Meteorological Services in Regional Association V be held during the fi fteenth fi nancial period.16.1.4 The Association also expressed its appreciation to the Secretary-General for having planned to organ-ize a regional seminar of alternative service delivery and NMHS administration during the second bien-nium (2006–2007) of the fourteenth fi nancial period. It agreed that the topics of the seminar should include the following:(a) Resource mobilization;(b) Ways to improve the effi ciency of NMHSs;(c) Raising the visibility of NMHSs;(d) Strategic planning.16.1.5. The Association welcomed the invita-tion extended by the representative of Fiji to host the regional seminar, subject to the approval of his Government.

16.2 INTERNAL MATTERS OF THE ASSOCIATION (agenda item 16.2)

REPORT OF THE ADVISORY WORKING GROUP OF RA V16.2.1 The Association noted with appreciation the reports of the meetings of the RA V Advisory Working Group (AWG). The Association complimented Mr W.S. Lai, the former president, and Mr A. Ngari, the acting president, who had served as chairpersons of the RA V AWG, and members of the Group for the activities carried out according to its terms of reference, in particu-lar the work of RA V working groups and rapporteurs, as well as the implementation of the WMO Programmes and activities in the Region. The AWG also had identifi ed several issues addressing, among others, arrangements for developing the satellite observation system, assist-ance to RSMC Nadi, the climate-related activities carried out in RA V and training issues.16.2.2 The Association, in recognizing the importance of coordinating its activities, agreed to re-establish the Advisory Working Group and to rename it the Management Group of Regional Association V. Accordingly, Resolution 18 (XIV-RA V) was adopted.16.2.3 The RA V Management Group was expected to consider the optimal use of resources that might be allocated or could be made available in connection with the activities of the subsidiary bodies of RA V. It might provide the basis for a rationalization of the number, nature and activities of the subsidiary bodies, including rapporteurs.

REVIEW OF THE SUBSIDIARY BODIES OF THE ASSOCIATION

16.2.4 The Association noted with appreciation the information provided by the acting president on the activities of the RA V subsidiary bodies during the intersessional period. It expressed its satisfaction for the working groups’ activities, but noted with concern that many had not been able to perform satisfactorily for various reasons. The Association encouraged Members to assist in ensuring that the


designated members of working groups and rappor-teurs discharged their responsibilities effi ciently.16.2.5 The Association decided to make the neces-sary arrangements to keep its subsidiary bodies active throughout the intersessional period and to keep the Association informed of developments. In that regard, the Association, after examining the establishment of relevant working groups and rapporteurs, recorded its decisions under the relevant agenda items.16.2.6 The Association encouraged the chairpersons and members of working groups, as well as rappor-teurs, to take all available opportunities to work very closely with each other and to facilitate the coordi-nation of activities between the working groups and rapporteurs.

16.3 STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF METEOROLOGY IN THE PACIFIC REGION 2000–2009 (agenda item 16.3)

16.3.1 The Association expressed its appreciation to SPREP and RA V Members for having developed the Strategic Action Plan for the Development of Meteorology in the Pacifi c Region 2000–2009, which had been endorsed by the SPREP Meeting of Regional Meteorological Services Directors. The Association recalled that the thirteenth session of RA V had agreed that each Member should prepare its development plan for NMSs and had considered that those should take into account national plans, the guidance avail-able from WMO through its LTP, the Strategic Action Plan and regional areas of concern endorsed by the Association. The thirteenth session of RA V had also underscored the fact that, to appropriately address those areas of concern, it would be necessary to ensure the proper implementation of the Plan.16.3.2 The Association recalled that the thirteenth session of RA V had noted that, following the devel-opment of the Strategic Action Plan, SPREP had developed the Needs Analysis for the Strengthening of Pacifi c Islands Meteorological Services: Meeting the Challenges report. While the Strategic Action Plan and the Needs Analysis report were comple-menting the role of WWW and forming the basis for strengthening Pacifi c NMHSs, the Association further recalled that the thirteenth session of RA V had requested the Secretary-General to continue efforts with resource mobilization and in particular to seek potential external resources to implement the development projects identifi ed in the Needs Analysis report.16.3.3 In that regard, the Association reiterated its request to the Secretary-General to secure resources for the full implementation of the projects identifi ed in the Needs Analysis report.16.3.4 The Association recommended that the Strategic Action Plan and the Needs Analysis report be revalidated and updated in view of recent inter-national and regional developments such as the Millennium Declaration, the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation of the WSSD, the Mauritius Strategy

for the Further Implementation of the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States, the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005–2015, the Pacifi c Plan for Strengthening Regional Cooperation and Integration, the Pacifi c Disaster Risk Reduction and Disaster Management Framework for Action 2006–2015, the Pacifi c Islands Framework for Action on Climate Change 2006–2015, and the WMO Long-term Plan.16.3.5 The Association decided to develop a Strategic Plan for RA V which would encompass the Strategic Action Plan for the Development of Meteorology in the Pacifi c Region 2000–2009. It established the Task Team on the RA V Strategic Plan to assist the president and the RA V Management Group in preparing the RA V Strategic Plan in light of developments relating to the overall WMO Strategic Plan. The Assocation requested the president to designate the chairperson and members of the Task Team after consultations. The Task Team would have the following terms of reference:(a) To carry out its work under the general guidance

of, and in coordination with, the president of RA V;

(b) To develop the draft RA V Strategic Plan on the basis of the guidance provided by the fourteenth session of RA V;

(c) To regularly report to the president of RA V on progress made, and liaise with the RA V Management Group, as needed;

(d) To undertake any other consultations and coordi-nation that may be required;

(e) To take into account relevant developments that may occur in the course of its work.

16.3.6 The Association recommended that, in updat-ing the Strategic Action Plan for the Development of Meteorology in the Pacifi c Region 2000–2009 and in the development of the RA V Strategic Plan, consid-eration should be given to discussing with potential donors funding for updating the Strategic Action Plan, the process of updating the Strategic Action Plan and the funding of high-priority projects and activities.

17. WMO REGIONAL OFFICE FOR ASIA AND THE SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC, INCLUDING THE SUBREGIONAL OFFICE FOR THE SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC (agenda item 17)

17.1 The Association reviewed the activities of the Regional Offi ce for Asia and the South-West Pacifi c and the Subregional Offi ce for the South-West Pacifi c since its thirteenth session. It noted that the Offi ces were continuing their functions and respon-sibilities as an integral part of the WMO Secretariat. The Association also noted the effective assistance provided by the Offi ces to the president, vice-president and subsidiary bodies of the Association in discharg-ing their responsibilities. It expressed its appreciation to the Secretary-General and to the staff of the Offi ces for their continued support to the activities of the Association during the intersessional period.

GENERAL SUMMARY 45

17.2 The Association noted with satisfaction the increasing role of the Regional Offi ce as a focal point and an information centre for regional activities and in assisting Members to develop their NMHSs and implement WMO Programmes and other activities that had a regional focus. It recognized the efforts of the Regional Offi ce to contribute to the new high- priority needs in the areas of science and technology, capacity-building, climate variability and change, water resources management and disaster mitigation as well as other environmental issues that had been identifi ed by Members.17.3 The Association expressed satisfaction with the commendable efforts of the Regional Offi ce and the Subregional Offi ce in maintaining close contact with Members through visits and in supporting regional events in order to ensure the strengthening of WMO activities in the development of meteorol-ogy and operational hydrology at the national and regional levels. The Association agreed that the staff of the Regional Offi ce and Subregional Offi ce should continue to make every effort to further strengthen contact with Members and facilitate the implemen-tation of regional activities. In that connection, the Association expressed the view that the Offi ces should develop an annual operational plan and report on the progress of its implementation to Members.17.4 The Association recognized the efforts of the Offi ces in maintaining close liaison and collabo-rating with regional bodies such as ASEAN, ESCAP, SPREP and SOPAC. The Association invited the Offi ces to continue that type of activity and to extend it to also cover the IOC Regional Programme Offi ce in Perth, and to use those institutions to promote mete-orology and operational hydrology as well as related environmental issues and to increase the awareness of policymakers of the role of NMHSs and WMO in contributing to sustainable development.17.5 The Association noted that the biannual newsletter provided a vehicle for the exchange and dissemination of regional news and a means of main-taining close liaison between the Regional Offi ce and Members of RA II and RA V. The Association welcomed the Secretary-General’s initiative regard-ing the optimization of public information material disseminated by WMO, and requested that newslet-ters be issued in both paper and electronic versions and posted on the Internet. The Association empha-sized the need for the newsletter to be focused on issues of interest to the Region. In that connection, it urged Members to actively contribute news items and articles to the Regional Offi ce on a regular basis. The Association requested the Secretary-General to include information on the activities and programmes being undertaken by Members in the Region in the relevant website under the WMO home page.17.6 Noting the advantages and cost-effectiveness of having the Subregional Offi ce closer to the Members concerned, and with the support of the Government of Samoa, the Association expressed the view that the Subregional Offi ce should continue to be located

in Apia (Samoa). The Association expressed support for the idea of the thirteenth session of RA II (held in Hong Kong, China, in December 2004) that the Regional Offi ce for Asia and the South-West Pacifi c should remain in Geneva in view of the advantages of its location at WMO Headquarters to ensure effective and effi cient implementation of activities related to the Regional Programme. 17.7 The Association noted with satisfaction a certain number of measures undertaken by the Secretary-General to effect structural and organi-zational changes in the Secretariat, especially with respect to Regional and Subregional Offi ces and the establishment and development of the Regional and Technical Cooperation Activities for Development Department. It requested the Secretary-General to continue his efforts to strengthen the Regional Offi ce for Asia and the South-West Pacifi c and the Subregional Offi ce for the South-West Pacifi c to meet the require-ments of Members in the Region and to address WMO cross-cutting Programmes with relevant regional organizations.

18. SCIENTIFIC LECTURES AND DISCUSSIONS (agenda item 18)

18.1 The following scientifi c lectures were given during the session:(a) Natural disaster prevention and reduction:

– WMO Natural Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Programme, presented by Mr Hong Yan (Deputy Secretary-General of WMO);

– Community-Based Early Warning System for Floods, presented by Mr P.D. Nilo (Philippines);

(b) New observation systems and the WMO Space Programme:– New Observation System and the WMO

Space Programme, presented by Mr G. Love (Australia);

(c) The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX):– THORPEX, a World Weather Research

Programme, presented by Mr J. McBride (Australia);

(d) Climate change issues and impacts in the South-West Pacifi c:– An Overview of IPCC, its Findings and

Relevance to the South-West Pacifi c, presented by Mr D. Wratt (New Zealand);

– Climate Change and Impacts in the South-West Pacifi c: Range of Uncertainty in Future Climate Change, presented by Mr M.A. Ratag (Indonesia);

– Climate Change Issues in Samoa, presented by Mr M.A. Titimaea (Samoa).

18.2 The lectures were followed by fruitful discus-sions in which delegates participated. The Association expressed its appreciation to the lecturers for their inter-esting and informative presentations. It requested the Secretary-General, in consultation with the president of


RA V, to make the necessary arrangements for scientifi c lectures during the next session of the Association.

19. REVIEW OF PREVIOUS RESOLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE ASSOCIATION AND OF RELEVANT EXECUTIVE COUNCIL RESOLUTIONS (agenda item 19)

19.1 The Association examined those of its reso-lutions which were still in force at the time of the fourteenth session.19.2 The Association noted that most of its past resolutions had been replaced by new resolutions adopted during the session. It further noted that, while a few resolutions had been incorporated in the appropriate WMO publications, some of the previous resolutions were still required to be kept in force.19.3 Accordingly, the Association adopted Resolution 19 (XIV-RA V).19.4 The Association considered that Resolution 9 (EC-LIV) — Report of the thirteenth session of Regional Association V (South-West Pacifi c), did not need to be kept in force.

20. ELECTION OF OFFICERS (agenda item 20)The Association unanimously elected Mr Arona Ngari (Cook Islands) as president and Ms Sri Woro Budiati Harijono (Indonesia) as vice-president of WMO Regional Association V (South-West Pacifi c).

21. DATE AND PLACE OF THE FIFTEENTH SESSION (agenda item 21)

21.1 The delegation of Indonesia extended its invitation to host the next session of the Association in Indonesia. The Association expressed its apprecia-tion for that offer.21.2 In accordance with Regulation 170 of the WMO General Regulations, the president of the Association should determine the date and place of the fi fteenth session in agreement with the President of WMO, and after consultation with the Secretary-General, during the intersessional period.

22. CLOSURE OF THE SESSION (agenda item 22)

22.1 The principal delegates of Members of the Region, including Brunei Darussalam, Fiji, French Polynesia, Indonesia, Kiribati, Malaysia, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Samoa,

Singapore, Tonga, the United Kingdom and the United States, expressed their gratitude to the Government of Australia for having hosted the session, and for the excellent arrangements and the warm hospital-ity extended to all participants. The Association also expressed its appreciation to the WMO Secretariat and the local secretariat for the support that had helped in the smooth running of the session. Messrs A. Ngari and R. Prasad, acting president and vice-president of the Association, respectively, were thanked for their leadership and contribu-tions in supporting the activities of the Region. Mr A. Ngari and Ms S.W.B. Harijono were congratu-lated on their election as president and vice-presi-dent, respectively.22.2 Mr Hong Yan, the representative of the Secretary-General, thanked the Government of Australia, as well as Mr G.B. Love, Permanent Representative of Australia with WMO, and his staff for the excellent arrangements and their warm hospi-tality. He extended his appreciation to all the delegates and supporting staff for their considerable contri-butions, which had led to an excellent session. He welcomed the high spirit of cooperation and multi-cultural involvement in a Pacifi c way demonstrated in the course of the session and expressed his high expec-tations for their further cooperation in the Region.22.3 Mr G.R. Foley, Deputy Director (Services and Systems) of BOM, on behalf of the host coun-try, expressed the hope that participants had had a comfortable and memorable stay in Adelaide. He congratulated the new president and vice-president on their election and thanked all those who had taken part in ensuring the success of the session. He wished all participants a safe journey home.22.4 In his closing remarks, Mr A. Ngari, acting president of RA V, expressed his appreciation to participants, the host country, the WMO Secretariat and co-chairpersons for their valuable contributions, and hoped that the programmes and activities of the Association would be further strengthened. He expressed his warm thanks to the participants from the non-Members of WMO, namely the Marshall Islands, Tuvalu and Timor-Leste. He indicated his commitment to continue to work in the interests of the Region.22.5 The fourteenth session of Regional Association V (South-West Pacifi c) closed at 10.50 a.m. on 16 May 2006.

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC),NOTING:(1) Resolution 2 (Cg-XIV) — World Weather Watch

Programme for 2004–2007,(2) Resolution 5 (Cg-XIV) — WMO Space

Programme,(3) Resolution 25 (Cg-XIV) — Sixth WMO Long-

term Plan (2004–2011),(4) The report of the chairperson of the Working

Group on Planning and Implementation of the WWW in Region V,

CONSIDERING:(1) That World Weather Watch (WWW) data and

products are of vital importance to Members of RA V to meet existing and new requirements for meteorological services,

(2) That the implementation of the WWW in the Region needs to be kept under constant review,

(3) That the introduction of new concepts and tech-nology into the WWW will be of great benefi t to all Members in the Region,

(4) That full integration of the WWW functional components requires careful coordination among Members of RA V and constant evalua-tion of the related projects,

DECIDES:(1) To establish a Working Group on Planning

and Implementation of the WWW in Region V (RA V/WG-PIW) with the purpose of linking regional WWW action plans to strategic plans for the development of meteorology in the Region. The terms of reference are defi ned below, and the specifi c tasks of the Working Group will be assigned by the Regional Association:(a) To monitor the progress made in the imple-

mentation and operation of the WWW in the Region and advise on possible improvements and priorities for appro-priate actions to be carried out under the WWW Programme and the need for exter-nal support, where required;

(b) To keep under review the actions taken under the required WWW implementa-tion programme of the Sixth and Seventh WMO Long-term Plans with a view to updating and further developing the programme relating to RA V;

(c) To develop proposals for the further devel-opment and full integration of the WWW

components and functions with a view to achieving a cost-effective operation and a better supply of WWW data and products throughout the Region;

(d) To keep abreast of new developments in the fi eld of meteorological data processing, observing techniques, telecommunica-tions and Public Weather Services (PWS) and to make recommendations for their application in the Region;

(e) To advise the president of the Association on all matters concerning the WWW;

(f) To keep under review education and training requirements related to the imple-mentation and operation of the WWW and PWS in the Region;

(g) To keep under constant review the Regional Meteorological Telecommun-ication Network (RMTN) and its implemen-tation, and to plan the implementation of the WMO Information System (WIS) in the Region;

(h) To identify means for strengthening liaison with those bodies responsible for the imple-mentation of the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR), the Integrated Global Ocean Services System (IGOSS) and related oceanographic programmes, the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) and other WWW-related programmes in the Region;

(i) To advise on how the WWW can enhance the effectiveness of early warning systems in the Region in a multi-hazard multi-purpose framework;

(j) To contribute to the effective coordi-nation between the WWW and WMO cross-cutting activities such as the Space Programme and the Natural Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Programme;

(k) To assist in the development of national and regional plans for the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS);

(2) That the Working Group should be composed of the following core members:(a) The chairperson;(b) The coordinator of a Subgroup on Regional

Aspects of Information Systems and Services;

RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED BY THE SESSION

RESOLUTION 1 (XIV-RA V)

WORKING GROUP ON PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE WWW IN REGION V


The terms of reference of the Subgroup and Rapporteurs nominated under Resolution 1 (XIV-RA V) are as follows:(a) Subgroup on Regional Aspects of Information

Systems and Services:(i) To keep under review the status of

implementation and operation of the Regional Meteorological Telecommun-ication Network (RMTN), particularly as regards the implementation of the WMO Information System (WIS), and the capa-bilities of satellites for data collection and distribution, and formulate recom-mendations with a view to remedying shortcomings;

(ii) To study problems and develop improved and cost-effective arrangements relating to the exchange of observational data and processed information, within and outside Region V, and formulate recommendations for the coordination of the implementa-tion of telecommunication facilities and techniques;

(iii) To keep under review data and information representation, including character and bit-oriented exchange formats and codes and the migration to table-driven code forms (TDCF), assisting in the preparation

of regional and national transition plans for the migration to TDCF;

(iv) To keep under review data and product generation, selection and presentation to recipients (National Meteorological Centres), including storage and retrieval of data and products and recovery proce-dures in case of major outages of key facilities;

(v) To coordinate information service activi-ties relating to WMO multi-hazard warning systems, including the tsunami warning systems;

(vi) To keep abreast of developments in information and telecommunication technology, procedures, services and equipment, including in particular satel-lite-based telecommunication services, the Internet and related equipment, and to advise on their applicability, as appro-priate, to the Region;

(vii) To keep under review and coordinate both real-time and non-real-time monitoring of the World Weather Watch (WWW) Programme in the Region, including quan-tity and quality aspects;

(viii) To identify the training requirements of Members in the Region relating to

ANNEX TO RESOLUTION 1 (XIV-RA V)

WORKING GROUP ON PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE WWW IN REGION V

(c) The Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of the Integrated Observing Systems;

(d) The Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of the Global Data-processing and Forecasting System;

(e) The Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of Public Weather Services;

(f) The Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of AMDAR;

(g) The Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of GEOSS;

(h) The Rapporteur on Migration to Table-driven Code Forms;

The terms of reference of the Subgroup and Rapporteurs are indicated in the annex to this resolution;(3) To designate, in accordance with Regulation 32

of the WMO General Regulations, Mr T. Hart (Australia) as chairperson of the Working Group and Mr K. Alder (New Zealand) as coordinator of the Subgroup;

(4) To invite:(a) Mr Sunarjo (Indonesia) to serve as

Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of the Integrated Observing Systems;

(b) Mr Choo Huat Aik (Singapore) to serve as Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of the Global Data-Processing and Forecasting System;

(c) Mr T.S. Kang (Malaysia) to serve as Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of Public Weather Services;

(d) Mr Y. Gregoris (French Polynesia) to serve as Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of AMDAR;

(e) Mr M. Argent (New Caledonia) to serve as Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of GEOSS;

(f) Mr W. Qu (Australia) to serve as Rapporteur on Migration to Table-driven Code Forms;

(5) To invite Members to nominate experts to serve on the Group and the Subgroup;

(6) To request the chairperson of the Working Group to submit progress reports at yearly intervals to the president of the Association and a fi nal report no later than six months before the fi fteenth session of the Association.

______NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 1 (XIII-RA V),

which is no longer in force.

RESOLUTIONS 49

relevant information and communication techniques;

(ix) To advise and report to the chairperson of the Working Group on all matters concerning regional aspects of the Global Telecommunication System (GTS), WIS and data management;

(x) To represent the Region on the Commission for Basic Systems (CBS) Implementation/ Coordination Team on Information Systems and Services.

(b) Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of the Integrated Observing Systems:(i) To review and advise on the observational

data requirements of Members of RA V in the context of the WWW Programme and the WMO Space Programme in the WMO Long-term Plan;

(ii) To monitor performance, review and advise on the design of observing systems in the Region, in particular the Regional Basic Synoptic Network (RBSN) of surface and upper-air stations and the Regional Basic Climatological Network (RBCN), including the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS);

(iii) To keep abreast of matters related to the development and introduction of new observing systems, including both in situ and space-based platforms, and advise on their application in the Region;

(iv) To advise and report to the chairperson of the Working Group on all matters concerning regional aspects of the Global Observing System (GOS), including train-ing requirements;

(v) To liaise with other rapporteurs and subgroups in the Region to ensure coor-dination on matters relating to the GOS, particularly the Co-rapporteurs on Regional Marine Meteorological and Oceanographic Services, on the develop-ment and operation of the GOS in support of marine services;

(vi) To coordinate the regional input to plans for the development of the GOS;

(vii) To act as the focal point for the Region in maintaining regulatory material related to the GOS;

(viii) To represent the Region on the CBS Implementation/Coordination Team on Integrated Observing Systems, and coor-dinate the implementation of agreed plans with the chairperson and other members of the Open Programme Area Group (OPAG) on Integrated Observing Systems.

(c) Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of the Global Data-processing and Forecasting System:

(i) To keep abreast of developments in numerical analysis and prediction systems, techniques and applications which could be benefi cially introduced at national and regional centres to improve their forecast and warning capability, covering time-scales from nowcasting to seasonal to inter-annual prediction;

(ii) To formulate recommendations for coor-dinated enhancement of meteorological analyses and forecast guidance available to National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) in the Region, with a particular focus on the products required to support the forecast services in support of early warnings in a multi-hazard framework, including forecast guidance for high-impact weather, environmental emergency response, atmospheric transport and dispersion;

(iii) To identify the training requirements of Members in the Region relating to relevant data-processing and forecasting techniques;

(iv) To contribute to WMO cross-cutting activ-ities, such as the WMO Space Programme and the Natural Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Programme, in areas related to data-processing and forecasting systems;

(v) To advise and report to the chairperson of the Working Group on all matters concerning data-processing and forecast-ing activities in the Region;

(vi) To represent the Region on the CBS Implementation/Coordination Team on Data-Processing and Forecasting Systems.

(d) Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of Public Weather Services:(i) To keep under review the implementa-

tion of the Public Weather Services (PWS) Programme in Region V;

(ii) To advise and report to the chairperson of the Working Group on matters relating to the formulation, presentation and dissemi-nation of forecasts and warnings, and establish good relations with emergency managers, the media and the private sector;

(iii) To keep under review education and training requirements related to the PWS Programme;

(iv) To contribute to WMO cross-cutting activi-ties, such as the WMO Space Programme, and the Natural Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Programme in areas related to PWS;

(v) To contribute to efforts regarding social and economic applications of PWS in collaboration with the THORPEX Societal and Economic Applications Working Group, as appropriate;


REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC),NOTING:(1) Resolution 2 (XIII-RA V) — Regional Basic

Synoptic Network,(2) The Manual on the Global Observing System

(WMO-No. 544), Volume I, Part III, Regulations 2.1.3.1 – 2.1.3.5 and the defi nition of the Regional Basic Synoptic Networks (RBSNs),

(3) The Manual on the Global Telecommunication System (WMO-No. 386), Volume I, Part I, Attachment 1–3, Section 3,

CONSIDERING that the establishment and maintenance of an RBSN of surface and upper-air synoptic stations, adequate to meet the requirements of Members and the World Weather Watch (WWW), constitute one of the most important obligations of Members under Article 2 of the WMO Convention,DECIDES that the stations and the observational programmes listed in the annex to this resolution constitute the RBSN in Region V;URGES Members:(1) To spare no effort in their endeavours to secure,

at the earliest date possible, full implementation

of the network of the stations and observa-tional programmes set forth in the annex to this resolution;

(2) To comply fully with the standard times of observation, the global and regional coding procedures and data collection standards, as laid down in the WMO Technical Regulations (WMO-No. 49) and the Manual on the Global Observing System (WMO-No. 544), the Manual on Codes (WMO-No. 306) and the Manual on the Global Telecommunication System (WMO-No. 386);

AUTHORIZES the president of the Association to approve, at the request of the Members concerned and in consultation with the Secretary-General, minor amendments to the list of RBSN stations in accordance with the procedures laid down in the Manual on the Global Observing System (WMO-No. 544),Volume II — Regional Aspects, Region V (South-West Pacific).______NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 2 (XIII-RA V),



REGIONAL BASIC SYNOPTIC NETWORK

(vi) To represent the Region on the CBS Implementation/Coordination Team on Public Weather Services.

(e) Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of AMDAR: To provide information for Members and

formulate plans for the establishment of an AMDAR programme for the Region to extend the coverage of aircraft reports over the Region.

(f) Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of GEOSS:To contribute to the coordination of the plan-ning and development of GEOSS with the WWW systems in the Region.

(g) Rapporteur on Migration to Table-driven Code Forms:To contribute to the development of a regional plan for migration to TDCF.

RESOLUTIONS 51


LIST OF STATIONS COMPRISING THE RBSN IN REGION V

AMERICAN SAMOA91764 CAPE TAPUTAPU AWS S91765 PAGO PAGO S91765 PAGO PAGO W R91766 CAPE MATATULA AWS S91768 TA’U AWS S

AUSTRALIA94102 TROUGHTON ISLAND S94103 BROWSE ISLAND S94120 DARWIN AIRPORT S 94120 DARWIN AIRPORT W R94122 POINT FAWCETT S94131 TINDAL RAAF S94147 CAPE WESSEL S94150 GOVE AIRPORT S 94150 GOVE AIRPORT W R94151 NORTH EAST ISLAND S94170 WEIPA AERO S 94170 WEIPA AERO W R94183 COEN AIRPORT S94200 MANDORA S94203 BROOME AIRPORT S 94203 BROOME AIRPORT W R94206 FITZROY CROSSING AERO S94207 ROWLEY SHOALS S94211 MOUNT ELIZABETH S94212 HALLS CREEK AIRPORT S94212 HALLS CREEK AIRPORT W94216 KUNUNURRA AERO S94236 ELLIOTT S94238 TENNANT CREEK AIRPORT S94238 TENNANT CREEK AIRPORT W94248 CENTRE ISLAND S94255 CAMOOWEAL TOWNSHIP S94266 NORMANTON AIRPORT S94268 KOWANYAMA AIRPORT S94275 GEORGETOWN POST OFFICE S94287 CAIRNS AIRPORT S94287 CAIRNS AIRPORT W94290 FLINDERS REEF S94294 TOWNSVILLE AIRPORT S94294 TOWNSVILLE AIRPORT W R94296 LIHOU REEF S94298 MARION REEF S94299 WILLIS ISLAND S94299 WILLIS ISLAND W R

94300 CARNARVON AIRPORT S94300 CARNARVON AIRPORT W94302 LEARMONTH AIRPORT S94302 LEARMONTH AIRPORT W R94312 PORT HEDLAND AIRPORT S94312 PORT HEDLAND AIRPORT W R94313 WITTENOOM S94317 NEWMAN AERO S94319 TELFER AERO S94324 YUENDUMU S94326 ALICE SPRINGS AIRPORT S94326 ALICE SPRINGS AIRPORT W R94327 JERVOIS S94332 MOUNT ISA AIRPORT S94332 MOUNT ISA AIRPORT W R94333 BOULIA AIRPORT S94341 RICHMOND AIRPORT S94346 LONGREACH AIRPORT S94346 LONGREACH AIRPORT W94363 EMERALD AIRPORT S94366 BOWEN AIRPORT S94367 MACKAY MO S94367 MACKAY MO W94374 ROCKHAMPTON AIRPORT S94374 ROCKHAMPTON AIRPORT W R94388 LADY ELLIOT ISLAND S94393 FREDERICK REEF S94394 CATO ISLAND S94403 GERALDTON AIRPORT S94403 GERALDTON AIRPORT W R94429 MT MAGNET AERO S94430 MEEKATHARRA AIRPORT S94430 MEEKATHARRA AIRPORT W R94449 LAVERTON AERO S94451 CARNEGIE S94461 GILES METEOROLOGICAL OFFICE S94461 GILES METEOROLOGICAL OFFICE W R94462 YULARA AERO S94477 MARLA POLICE STATION S94488 WINDORAH POST OFFICE S94500 CUNNAMULLA POST OFFICE S94510 CHARLEVILLE AERO S94510 CHARLEVILLE AERO W R94515 ROMA AIRPORT S94552 OAKEY AERO S94578 BRISBANE AIRPORT S94578 BRISBANE AIRPORT W R

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94584 DOUBLE ISLAND POINT LIGHTHOUSE S94601 CAPE LEEUWIN S94610 PERTH AIRPORT S94610 PERTH AIRPORT W R94637 KALGOORLIE-BOULDER AIRPORT S94637 KALGOORLIE-BOULDER AIRPORT W R94638 ESPERANCE S94638 ESPERANCE W R94642 BALLADONIA S94643 BALGAIR S94647 EUCLA S94647 EUCLA W R94651 NULLARBOR S94653 CEDUNA AMO S94653 CEDUNA AMO W94659 WOOMERA AERODROME S94659 WOOMERA AERODROME W R94672 ADELAIDE AIRPORT S94672 ADELAIDE AIRPORT W R94691 BROKEN HILL AIRPORT S94693 MILDURA AIRPORT S94693 MILDURA AIRPORT W94700 HILLSTON AIRPORT S94703 BOURKE AIRPORT AWS S94711 COBAR MO S94711 COBAR MO W R94729 BATHURST AIRPORT AWS S94750 NOWRA RAN AIR STATION S94750 NOWRA RAN AIR STATION W R94767 SYDNEY AIRPORT AMO S94767 SYDNEY AIRPORT AMO W94776 WILLIAMTOWN RAAF S94776 WILLIAMTOWN RAAF W R94791 COFFS HARBOUR MO S94791 COFFS HARBOUR MO W94802 ALBANY AIRPORT S94802 ALBANY AIRPORT W R94804 NEPTUNE ISLAND S94821 MOUNT GAMBIER AERO S94821 MOUNT GAMBIER AERO W R94842 CAPE OTWAY LIGHTHOUSE S94850 KING ISLAND AIRPORT S94866 MELBOURNE AIRPORT S94866 MELBOURNE AIRPORT W R94875 SHEPPARTON AIRPORT S94893 WILSONS PROMONTORY LIGHTHOUSE S94907 EAST SALE AIRPORT S94907 EAST SALE AIRPORT W94910 WAGGA WAGGA AMO S94910 WAGGA WAGGA AMO W R94926 CANBERRA AMO AWS S94935 MALLACOOTA S94954 CAPE GRIM B.A.P.S. S94956 STRAHAN AERODROME S

94975 HOBART AIRPORT S94975 HOBART AIRPORT W R94983 EDDYSTONE POINT S94995 LORD HOWE ISLAND AERO S94995 LORD HOWE ISLAND AERO W R94996 NORFOLK ISLAND AERO S94996 NORFOLK ISLAND AERO W R94997 HEARD ISLAND (THE SPIT) S94998 MACQUARIE ISLAND S94998 MACQUARIE ISLAND W R95111 PORT KEATS AERO S95146 NGAYAWILI S95205 DERBY AERO S95283 COOKTOWN AIRPORT S95322 RABBIT FLAT S95448 LEINSTER AERO S95458 COOBER PEDY AIRPORT S95480 MARREE AERO S95481 MOOMBA AIRPORT S95482 BIRDSVILLE AIRPORT S95485 TIBOOBURRA AIRPORT S95492 THARGOMINDAH AIRPORT S95527 MOREE AERO S95527 MOREE AERO W R95634 SOUTHERN CROSS AIRFIELD S95637 LAKE GRACE S95646 FORREST S95666 PORT AUGUSTA AERO S95719 DUBBO AIRPORT S95762 TAMWORTH AIRPORT S95839 HORSHAM AERODROME S95966 LAUNCESTON AIRPORT S96995 CHRISTMAS ISLAND AERO S96996 COCOS ISLAND AIRPORT S96996 COCOS ISLAND AIRPORT W R

BRUNEI DARUSSALAM96315 BRUNEI AIRPORT S96315 BRUNEI AIRPORT W R

COOK ISLANDS91801 PENRHYN W R91802 PENRHYN AWS S91809 MANIHIKI AWS S91812 PUKAPUKA AWS S91831 AITUTAKI AWS S91841 MAUKE AWS S91843 RAROTONGA S91843 RAROTONGA W91848 MANGAIA AWS S

FIJI91650 ROTUMA S91652 UDU POINT AWS S

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Station nameStation name

RESOLUTIONS 53

91659 NABOUWALU S91660 YASAWA-I-RARA AWS S91670 VIWA AWS S91676 VANUA BALAVU AWS S91680 NADI AIRPORT S91680 NADI AIRPORT W R91683 NAUSORI S91691 LAKEBA AWS S91693 VUNISEA S91697 MATUKU AWS S91699 ONO-I-LAU AWS S

FRENCH POLYNESIA91925 ATUONA S91925 ATUONA W R91929 BORA-BORA S91938 TAHITI-FAAA S91938 TAHITI-FAAA W R91943 TAKAROA S91943 TAKAROA W R91944 HAO AWS S91945 HEREHERETUE S91948 RIKITEA S91948 RIKITEA W R91954 TUBUAI S91954 TUBUAI W R91958 RAPA S91958 RAPA W R

GUAM91212 NWSO AGANA, GUAM S91212 NWSO AGANA, GUAM W R

INDONESIA96009 LHOKSEUMAWE/MALIKUSSALEH S96011 BANDA ACEH/BLANG BINTANG S96035 MEDAN/POLONIA S96035 MEDAN/POLONIA R96073 SIBOLGA/PINANGSORI S96091 TANJUNG PINANG/KIJANG S96109 PEKAN BARU/SIMPANGTIGA S96145 TAREMPA S96147 RANAI S96163 PADANG/TABING S96163 PADANG/TABING R96179 SINGKEP/DABO S96195 JAMBI/SULTAN TAHA S96221 PALEMBANG/ST. M. BADARUDIN II S96237 PANGKAL PINANG S96237 PANGKAL PINANG R96249 TANJUNG PANDAN/BULUH TUMBANG S96253 BENGKULU/PADANG KEMILING S96295 TANJUNG KARANG/RADIN INTEN II S96509 TARAKAN/JUWATA S96581 PONTIANAK/SUPADIO S96633 BALIKPAPAN/SEPINGGAN S

96645 PANGKALAN BUN/ISKANDAR S96655 PALANGKA RAYA/TJILIK RIWUT S96685 BANJARMASIN/SYAMSUDIN NOOR S96749 JAKARTA/SOEKARNO-HATTA S96749 JAKARTA/SOEKARNO-HATTA R96781 BANDUNG/HUSEIN S96805 CILACAP S96839 SEMARANG/AHMAD YANI S96935 SURABAYA/JUANDA S96935 SURABAYA/JUANDA R97014 MENADO/ SAM RATULANGI S97014 MENADO/ SAM RATULANGI R97028 TOLI-TOLI/LALOS S97048 GORONTALO/JALALUDDIN S97072 PALU/MUTIARA S97072 PALU/MUTIARA R97086 LUWUK/BUBUNG S97096 POSO/KASIGUNCU S97120 MAJENE S97146 KENDARI/WOLTER MONGINSIDI S97180 UJUNG PANDANG/HASANUDDIN S97180 UJUNG PANDANG/HASANUDDIN R97192 BAU-BAU/BETO AMBARI S97230 DENPASAR/NGURAH RAI S97260 SUMBAWA BESAR/BRANGBIJI S97270 BIMA/M.SALAHUDDIN S97300 MAUMERE/WAI OTI S97340 WAINGAPU/MAU HAU S97372 KUPANG/ELTARI S97372 KUPANG/ELTARI R97430 TERNATE/BABULLAH S97460 LABUHA/OESMAN SADIK S97502 SORONG/JEFMAN S97530 MANOKWARI/RENDANI S97560 BIAK/FRANS KAISIEPO S97560 BIAK/FRANS KAISIEPO R97580 SARMI/MARARENA S 97600 SANANA S97686 WAMENA S97690 JAYAPURA/SENTANI S97724 AMBON/PATTIMURA S97724 AMBON/PATTIMURA R97748 GESER S97760 KAIMANA/UTAROM S97796 TIMIKA S97810 TUAL/DUMATUBUN S97876 TANAH MERAH S 97900 SAUMLAKI/OLILIT S97980 MERAUKE/MOPAH S97980 MERAUKE/MOPAH R

KIRIBATI91487 FANNING ISLAND S91490 CHRISTMAS ISLAND S91610 TARAWA S91610 TARAWA W R

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91612 TARAWA (AERODROME) S91701 KANTON ISLAND S

MALAYSIA48601 PENANG/BAYAN LEPAS S48601 PENANG/BAYAN LEPAS W R48615 KOTA BHARU S48615 KOTA BHARU W R48620 SITIAWAN S 48647 KUALA LUMPUR/SUBANG S48650 SEPANG W R48657 KUANTAN S48657 KUANTAN W R48665 MALACCA S 96413 KUCHING S96413 KUCHING W R96421 SIBU S96441 BINTULU S96441 BINTULU W R96449 MIRI S96465 LABUAN S96471 KOTA KINABALU S96471 KOTA KINABALU W R96481 TAWAU S96481 TAWAU W R96491 SANDAKAN S

MARSHALL ISLANDS91258 UTIRIK ATOLL AWS S91366 KWAJALEIN/BUCHOLZ AAF S91366 KWAJALEIN/BUCHOLZ AAF W R91367 AILINGLAPALAP ATOLL S91369 JALUIT ATOLL S91371 WOTJE ATOLL S91374 MALOELAP ATOLL AWS S91376 MAJURO S91376 MAJURO W R91377 MILI ATOLL AWS S

MICRONESIA, FEDERATED STATES OF91203 FALALOP ISLAND, ULITHI ATOLL S91317 WOLEAI ATOLL S91334 CHUUK S91334 CHUUK W R91339 LUKUNOR ATOLL S91343 OROLUK ATOLL AWS S91348 PONAPE S91348 PONAPE W R91350 MWOAKILLO S91352 PINGELAP ATOLL AWS S91355 KOSRAE ATOLL AWS S91356 LELU, KOSRAE ATOLL S91413 YAP S

91413 YAP W R91425 NUKUORO ATOLL S91434 KAPINGIMARANGI ATOLL S

NAURU91530 NAURU AIRPORT W R91531 NAURU S

NEW CALEDONIA91570 ILE SURPRISE AWS S91574 CHESTERFIELD S91577 KOUMAC S91582 OUANAHAM (ILE LIFOU) S91592 NOUMEA S91592 NOUMEA W R91598 MATTHEW AWS S

NEW ZEALAND93004 CAPE REINGA AWS S93023 PURERUA AWS S93069 MOKOHINAU AWS S93110 AUCKLAND AERO AWS S93112 WHENUAPAI W R 93186 TAURANGA AERO AWS S93196 HICKS BAY AWS S93245 TAUPO AWS S93291 GISBORNE AERODROME W93292 GISBORNE AERODROME AWS S93305 MAUI A PLATFORM S93308 NEW PLYMOUTH AERODROME W93309 NEW PLYMOUTH AWS S93373 NAPIER AERODROME AWS S93404 PALMERSTON NORTH AWS S93417 PARAPARAUMU AERODROME W R93420 PARAPARAUMU AWS S93498 CASTLEPOINT AWS S93527 FAREWELL SPIT AWS S93614 HOKITIKA AERODROME W93615 HOKITIKA AERODROME AWS S93678 KAIKOURA AWS S93709 HAAST AWS S93773 TIMARU AERODROME AWS S93781 CHRISTCHURCH AERO AWS S93800 SECRETARY ISLAND AWS S93805 PUYSEGUR POINT AWS S93831 QUEENSTOWN AERODROME AWS S93844 INVERCARGILL AERODROME W R93845 INVERCARGILL AIRPORT AWS S93891 DUNEDIN AIRPORT AWS S93909 SOUTH WEST CAPE AWS S93929 ENDERBY ISLAND AWS S93947 CAMPBELL ISLAND AWS S93986 CHATHAM ISLAND W R

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Station nameStation name

RESOLUTIONS 55

93987 CHATHAM ISLANDS AWS S93994 RAOUL ISLAND, KERMADEC IS. AWS S93997 RAOUL ISLAND, KERMADEC IS. W R

NIUE91824 HANNAN AIRPORT S

NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS91221 ROTA S91222 PAGAN ISLAND AWS S91231 TINIAN S91232 SAIPAN S

PALAU91408 KOROR WSO S91408 KOROR WSO W R

PAPUA NEW GUINEA92001 KIUNGA W.O. S92003 DARU W.O. S92004 WEWAK W.O. S92014 MADANG W.O. S92014 MADANG W.O. W R92035 PORT MORESBY W.O. S92035 PORT MORESBY W.O. W R92044 MOMOTE W.O S92044 MOMOTE W.O. W R92047 NADZAB W.O. S92076 KAVIENG W.O. S92077 GURNEY W.O. S92087 MISIMA W.O. S92100 TOKUA W.O. S

PHILIPPINES98134 BASCO S98223 LAOAG S98223 LAOAG W R98232 APARRI S98325 DAGUPAN S98328 BAGUIO S98330 CABANATUAN S98336 CASIGURAN S98429 NINOY AQUINO INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT S98430 SCIENCE GARDEN S98431 CALAPAN S98440 DAET S98444 LEGASPI S98444 LEGASPI W R98526 CORON S98531 SAN JOSE S98536 ROMBLON S98543 MASBATE S98550 TACLOBAN S98618 PUERTO PRINCESA S98618 PUERTO PRINCESA W R98630 CUYO S

98637 ILOILO S98646 MACTAN S98646 MACTAN W R98653 SURIGAO S98741 DIPOLOG S98747 LUMBIA AIRPORT S98753 DAVAO AIRPORT S98755 HINATUAN S98836 ZAMBOANGA S

SAMOA91757 AVAO S91759 FALEOLO S91760 ASAU S91761 LATA S91762 APIA S91763 CAPE TAPAGA S91769 TAFITOALA S

SINGAPORE48698 SINGAPORE/CHANGI AIRPORT S48698 SINGAPORE/CHANGI AIRPORT W R

SOLOMON ISLANDS91503 MUNDA S91507 AUKI S91517 HONIARA W R91520 HONIARA/HENDERSON S91541 SANTA CRUZ S

TIMOR-LESTE97385 OE-CUSSIE S97390 DILLI/DILLI AIRPORT S

TOKELAU91723 NUKUNONU AWS S

TONGA91772 NIUAFOOU/QUEEN LAVINIA AIRPORT S91776 KEPPEL/MATA’AHO AIRPORT S91779 VAVAU/LUPEPAU’U INTERNATIONAL

AIRPORT S91784 HAAPAI/SALOTE PILOLEVU AIRPORT S91792 TONGATAPU/ FUAAMOTU INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT S

TUVALU91631 NANUMEA S91636 NUI S91643 FUNAFUTI S91643 FUNAFUTI W R91648 NIULAKITA S

UNITED KINGDOM91964 PITCAIRN ISLAND AWS S

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UNITED STATES91066 MIDWAY ISLAND S91158 PRINCEVILLE, KAUAI S91159 KEKAHA, KAUAI S91163 PORT ALLEN AIRPORT, KAUAI S91165 LIHUE, KAUAI S91165 LIHUE, KAUAI W R91175 BELLONS AIR FORCE BASE S91182 HONOLULU, OAHU S91190 KAHULUI AIRPORT, MAUI S91194 KAHOOLAWE S91275 JOHNSTON ISLAND S91285 HILO/GEN. LYMAN S91285 HILO/GEN. LYMAN W R91294 SOUTH POINT S

VANUATU91551 SOLA (VANUA LAVA) S91554 PEKOA AIRPORT (SANTO) S91555 LAMAP (MALEKULA) S91557 BAUERFIELD (EFATE) S91557 BAUERFIELD (EFATE) W R91565 WHITE GRASS AIRPORT S91568 ANEITYUM S

WALLIS AND FUTUNA91753 HIHIFO (ILE WALLIS) S91754 MAOPOOPO (ILE FUTUNA) S

Legend: S = Surface observations W = Radiowind observations R = Radiosonde observations

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC),NOTING:(1) Resolution 3 (XIII-RA V) — Regional Basic

Climatological Network,(2) The report of the fourth session of the Working

Group on Planning and Implementation of the WWW in Region V,

(3) The Manual on the Global Telecommunication System (WMO-No. 386), Volume I, Part I, Attachment 1–3, Section 2.4 (i),

CONSIDERING that the Fourteenth World Meteorological Congress welcomed the establish-ment of the Regional Basic Climatological Network (RBCN) in all WMO Regions and the Antarctic and urged Members to ensure that their operational observing stations compiled and transmitted the CLIMAT/CLIMAT TEMP messages according to existing regulations,DECIDES that the stations listed in the annex to this resolution constitute the RBCN in Region V; URGES Members:(1) To spare no effort in their endeavours to ensure,

at the earliest date possible, full implementation of the network of RBCN stations set forth in the annex to this resolution;

(2) To comply fully with the global and regional coding procedures and data collection stand-ards in accordance with procedures laid down in the WMO Technical Regulations (WMO-No. 49) and the Manual on the Global Observing System (WMO-No. 544), the Manual on Codes (WMO-No. 306) and the Manual on the Global Telecommunication System (WMO-No. 386) when operating the RBCN;

(3) To collaborate through the RA V Working Group on Climate-related Matters on reviewing the placement/establishment of Reference Climate Network (RCN) sites in the RA V area and on the monitoring/analysis of Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) observational sites;

AUTHORIZES the president of the Association to approve, at the request of Members concerned and in consultation with the Secretary-General, minor amendments to the list of RBCN stations following the procedures laid down for the RBSN in the Manual on the Global Observing System (WMO-No. 544), Volume II — Regional Aspects, Region V (South-West Pacific). ______NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 3 (XIII-RA V),


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REGIONAL BASIC CLIMATOLOGICAL NETWORK IN REGION V

RESOLUTIONS 57

Station name

AMERICAN SAMOA91765 PAGO PAGO X X X X

AUSTRALIA94100 KALUMBURU X X 94120 DARWIN AIRPORT X X X X94131 TINDAL RAFF X X 94150 GOVE AIRPORT X X X 94170 WEIPA AERO X X X 94203 BROOME AIRPORT X X X X94212 HALLS CREEK AIRPORT X X 94238 TENNANT CREEK AIRPORT X X 94259 BURKETOWN POST OFFICE X X 94275 GEORGETOWN POST OFFICE X X 94287 CAIRNS AERO X X 94294 TOWNSVILLE AERO X X X94299 WILLIS ISLAND X X X 94300 CARNARVON AIRPORT X X 94302 LEARMONTH AIRPORT X X X X94312 PORT HEDLAND AIRPORT X X X 94313 WITTENOOM X 94317 NEWMAN AERO X X 94326 ALICE SPRINGS AIRPORT X X X 94332 MOUNT ISA AERO X X X 94339 WINTON POST OFFICE X 94340 RICHMOND POST OFFICE X X 94346 LONGREACH AERO X X 94367 MACKAY MO X X 94374 ROCKHAMPTON AERO X X 94380 GLADSTONE RADAR X X 94403 GERALDTON AIRPORT X X X 94430 MEEKATHARRA AIRPORT X X X 94461 GILES METEOROLOGICAL OFFICE X X X X94476 OODNADATTA AIRPORT X X 94480 MARREE X X 94485 TIBOOBURRA POST OFFICE X X 94510 CHARLEVILLE AERO X X X X94517 ST GEORGE AIRPORT X X 94568 AMBERLEY AMO X 94570 TEWANTIN RSL PARK X X 94578 BRISBANE AERO X X 94589 YAMBA PILOT STATION X X 94601 CAPE LEEUWIN X X 94602 ROTTNEST ISLAND X 94610 PERTH AIRPORT X X X94616 BRIDGETOWN COMPARISON X94619 DALWALLINU COMPARISON X94626 CUNDERDIN X X 94635 LAKE GRACE COMPARISON X 94637 KALGOORLIE-BOULDER AI

AIRPORT X X X

94638 ESPERANCE X X X 94647 EUCLA X X 94653 CEDUNA AMO X X 94655 TARCOOLA AERO X 94659 WOOMERA AERODROME X X X94672 ADELAIDE AIRPORT X X 94681 NURIOOTPA VITICULTURAL X 94689 BROKEN HILL (PATTON STREET) X X94693 MILDURA AIRPORT X X 94707 CONDOBOLIN AG RESEARCH STN X94709 WYALONG POST OFFICE X 94711 COBAR MO X X X 94730 BATHURST AGRICULTURAL STATION X94738 SCONE SCS X 94740 GUNNEDAH (DIPNR) X 94750 NOWRA RAN AIR STATION X 94767 SYDNEY AIRPORT AMO X 94776 WILLIAMTOWN RAAF X X 94786 PORT MACQUARIE AIRPORT X 94791 COFFS HARBOUR MO X 94802 ALBANY AIRPORT X X X 94805 CAPE BORDA X X 94812 ROBE X 94814 STRATHALBYN RACECOURSE X 94821 MOUNT GAMBIER AERO X X X 94826 CAPE NELSON LIGHTHOUSE X 94842 CAPE OTWAY LIGHTHOUSE X X 94865 LAVERTON RAAF X 94866 MELBOURNE AIRPORT X X 94893 WILSONS PROMONTORY

LIGHTHOUSE X 94907 EAST SALE AIRPORT X X 94910 WAGGA WAGGA AMO X X X 94917 ORBOST (COMPARISON) X 94926 CANBERRA AIRPORT X 94937 MORUYA HEADS PILOT STATION X X 94954 CAPE GRIM BAPS X 94967 CAPE BRUNY LIGHTHOUSE X X 94968 LAUNCESTON AIRPORT COMPARISON X94975 HOBART AIRPORT X X X94983 EDDYSTONE POINT X94995 LORD HOWE ISLAND AERO X X X X94996 NORFOLK ISLAND AERO X X X X94998 MACQUARIE ISLAND X X X X95322 RABBIT FLAT X X 95482 BIRDSVILLE AIRPORT X X95492 THARGOMINDAH AIRPORT X X95527 MOREE AERO X X


LIST OF STATIONS COMPRISING THE RBCN IN REGION V

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95529 MILES CONSTANCE STREET X 95541 INVERELL (RAGLAN STREET) X X95640 WANDERING X 95646 FORREST X X 95670 RAYVILLE PARK X X 95719 DUBBO AIRPORT X X 95753 RICHMOND RAAF X X 95784 TAREE AIRPORT X X95829 NHILL X 95869 DENILIQUIN AIRPORT X X95908 THREDBO VILLAGE X 95916 CABRAMURRA SMHEA X X 94940 PT PERPENDICULAR X 95959 LIAWENEE X 95964 LOW HEAD X X 95971 GROVE (COMPARISON) X 96995 CHRISTMAS ISLAND AERO X X 96996 COCOS ISLAND AIRPORT X X X X

BRUNEI DARUSAALAM96315 BRUNEI AIRPORT X X X

COOK ISLANDS91801 PENRHYN X X91802 PENRHYN AWS X X 91812 PUKAPUKA AWS X X 91831 AITUTAKI AWS X X 91843 RAROTONGA X X 91848 MANGAIA AWS X

FIJI91650 ROTUMA X X 91652 UDU POINT AWS X X 91680 NADI AIRPORT X X X X91683 NAUSORI X X 91699 ONO-I-LAU AWS X X

FRENCH POLYNESIA91925 ATUONA X X X X91929 BORA-BORA AWS X X 91938 TAHITI-FAAA X X X X91943 TAKAROA X X X 91945 HEREHERETUE X X 91948 RIKITEA X X X 91954 TUBUAI X X X 91958 RAPA X X X X

GUAM91212 WFO, GUAM X X 91217 WSMO, GUAM X X

INDONESIA96073 SIBOLGA/PINANGSORI X X 96109 PEKAN BARU/SIMPANGTIGA X 96145 TAREMPA X X 96163 PADANG/TABING X X

96195 JAMBI/SULTAN TAHA X 96249 TANJUNG PANDAN/ BULUH TUMBANG X96253 BENGKULU/ PADANG KEMILING X 96633 BALIKPAPAN/SEPINGGAN X 96645 PANGKALAN BUN/ISKANDAR X 96745 JAKARTA/OBSERVATORY X X 96805 CILACAP X X 96839 SEMARANG/AHMAD YANI X 96925 SANGKAPURA/BAWEAN IS. X X 96935 SURABAYA/JUANDA X X X97014 MENADO/ SAM RATULANGI X X 97072 PALU/MUTIARA X 97086 LUWUK/BUBUNG X 97120 MAJENE X 97146 KENDARI/ WOLTER MONGINSIDI X X97192 BAU-BAU/BETO AMBARI X 97230 DENPASAR/NGURAH RAI X 97240 AMPENAN SELAPARRANG X X 97340 WAINGAPU/MAU HAU X X 97430 TERNATE/BABULLAH X 97502 SORONG/JEFMAN X X 97530 MANOKWARI/RENDANI X 97560 BIAK/FRANS KAISIEPO X X X 97600 SANANA X 97686 WAMENA X X 97690 JAYAPURA/SENTANI X X 97724 AMBON/PATTIMURA X X X 97796 TIMIKA X 97900 SAUMLAKI/OLILIT X X 97980 MERAUKE/MOPAH X X X

KIRIBATI91487 FANNING ISLAND X X 91490 CHRISTMAS ISLAND X X 91610 TARAWA X X X X91701 KANTON ISLAND X X

MALAYSIA48601 PENANG/BAYAN LEPAS X X 48615 KOTA BHARU X X 48620 SITIAWAN X X 48647 KUALA LUMPUR/SUBANG X 48650 SEPANG X X 48657 KUANTAN X X X 48665 MALACCA X 96413 KUCHING X X X 96421 SIBU X 96441 BINTULU X X X 96449 MIRI X 96465 LABUAN X X 96471 KOTA KINABALU X X 96481 TAWAU X X 96491 SANDAKAN X X

Inde

x N

o.

Station name Inde

x N

o.

Station name CLI

MAT

TEM

P

GSN

GU

AN

CLI

MAT

CLI

MAT

TEM

P

GSN

GU

AN

CLI

MAT

RESOLUTIONS 59

MARSHALL ISLANDS91366 KWAJALEIN X X 91376 MAJURO X X X X

MICRONESIA, FEDERATED STATES OF91334 CHUUK X X X 91348 PONAPE X X X 91413 YAP X X X

NAURU91531 NAURU X

NEW CALEDONIA91577 KOUMAC X X 91592 NOUMEA X X X X

NEW ZEALAND93012 KAITAIA X X 93110 AUCKLAND AERO AWS X 93112 WHENUAPAI X 93292 GISBORNE AERODROME AWS X X 93309 NEW PLYMOUTH AWS X X 93417 PARAPARAUMU AERODROME X X93420 PARAPARAUMU AWS X X 93615 HOKITIKA AERODROME AWS X X 93678 KAIKOURA X 93747 TARA HILLS X X 93844 INVERCARGILL AERODROME X X93845 INVERCARGILL AIRPORT AWS X X 93947 CAMPBELL ISLAND AWS X X 93986 CHATHAM ISLAND X X93987 CHATHAM ISLANDS AWS X X 93994 RAOUL ISLAND, KERMADEC IS X X93997 RAOUL ISLAND, KERMADEC IS X X

NIUE91824 HANNAN AIRPORT X X

PALAU91408 KOROR WSO X X

PAPUA NEW GUINEA92001 KIUNGA W.O. X 92003 DARU W.O. X 92004 WEWAK W.O. X 92014 MADANG W.O. X X 92035 PORT MORESBY W.O. X X X X92044 MOMOTE W.O. X X 92047 NADZAB W.O. X 92076 KAVIENG W.O. X 92077 GURNEY W.O. X 92087 MISIMA W.O. X

PHILIPPINES98223 LAOAG X X X X98232 APARRI X X 98430 SCIENCE GARDEN X X

98444 LEGASPI X X 98637 ILOILO X X 98755 HINATUAN X X 98836 ZAMBOANGA X X 98851 GENERAL SANTOS X X

SAMOA91762 APIA X

SINGAPORE48698 SINGAPORE/CHANGI AIRPORT X X X

SOLOMON ISLANDS91503 MUNDA X X 91517 HONIARA X X91520 HONIARA/HENDERSON X X

TIMOR-LESTE97385 OE-CUSSIE X 97390 DILLI AIRPORT X 97395 BAUCAU NUS X X

TOKELAU91723 NUKUNONO AWS X X

TONGA91772 NIUAFOOU/ QUEEN LAVINIA AIRPORT X 91776 KEPPEL/MATA’AHO AIRPORT X 91779 VAVA’U/LUPEPAU’U INT. AIRPORT X91784 HA’APAI/SALOTE PILOLEVU AIRPORT X 91788 TONGATAPU/NUKU’ALOFA X 91789 NUKU’ALOFA X X

TUVALU91631 NANUMEA X X 91643 FUNAFUTI X X X X

UNITED KINGDOM91964 PITCAIRN ISLAND X X

UNITED STATES91165 LIHUE X X X X91182 HONOLULU X X X 91190 KAHULUI X X X 91285 HILO X X X X

VANUATU91554 PEKOA AIRPORT (SANTO) X X 91555 LAMAP (MALEKULA) X 91557 BAUERFIELD (EFATE) X X91568 ANEITYUM X X

WALLIS AND FUTUNA91753 HIHIFO (ILE WALLIS) X X

Inde

x N

o.

Station nameInde

x N

o.

Station name CLI

MAT

TEM

P

GSN

GU

AN

CLI

MAT

CLI

MAT

TEM

P

GSN

GU

AN

CLI

MAT



AMENDMENTS TO THE MANUAL ON THE GLOBAL OBSERVING SYSTEM (WMO-No. 544), VOLUME II — REGIONAL ASPECTS — REGION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC)

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC),NOTING:(1) The Manual on the Global Observing System

(WMO-No. 544), Volume II — Regional Aspects — Region V (South-West Pacifi c),

(2) The fi nal report of the fourth session of the Working Group on Planning and Implementation of the WWW in RA V,

CONSIDERING that there is an urgent need to update the Regional entry for the Manual on the Global Observing System (Volume II) in response to evolving requirements,

DECIDES that the amended text of Section 5 of the Manual on the Global Observing System (Volume II), as listed in the annex to this resolution, be adopted with immediate effect;REQUESTS the Secretary-General: (1) To arrange for the inclusion of the amendment in

Volume II of the Manual on the Global Observing System;

(2) To bring this modifi cation to the attention of the Members of RA V.


AMENDMENTS TO THE MANUAL ON THE GLOBAL OBSERVING SYSTEM (WMO-No. 544), VOLUME II— REGIONAL ASPECTS — REGION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC)

Replace the text Section 5 — Region V — South-West Pacifi c to read:5. REGION V — SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC5.1 Regional Basic Synoptic Network

of surface and upper-air observing stations

5.1.1 Composition of the Regional Basic Synoptic Network

5.1.1.1 The Regional Basic Synoptic Network (RBSN) of surface and upper-air observing stations is reviewed and revised at each session of the Association. The Rapporteur(s) on Regional Aspects of the Integrated Observing Systems reviews the RBSN and makes propos-als for changes in light of availability of observations and emerging requirements, such as those specifi ed in WMO plans for the evolution of the Global Observing System (GOS). The list of stations constituting the current RBSN is given in the report of the most recent session of the Association. Changes are announced in the monthly “Operational Newsletter” issued by the Secretariat (see paragraph 5.1.5 below).5.1.1.2 Manned surface land stations included in the RBSN shall conform to the specifications laid down for land stations in Volume I of this Manual.5.1.2 Surface synoptic observations All surface stations included in the RBSN should make surface observations at the four main standard times of observation, i.e. 0000, 0600, 1200 and 1800 UTC, and at the four intermediate standard times of observation, i.e. 0300, 0900, 1500 and 2100 UTC. Any surface station that cannot carry out the full observational programme should give priority

to the carrying out of the observations at the main standard times.5.1.3 Upper-air synoptic observations All upper-air stations included in the RBSN should carry out radiosonde and/or radiowind obser-vations up to the 10 hPa level at 0000 and 1200 UTC. Additional radiowind observations at 0600 and 1800 UTC are also desirable. Any radiosonde station that cannot carry out the full observing programme required should give priority to making the 0000 UTC observations.5.1.4 Principles to be applied when revising the

RBSN(a) As a target over land areas the RBSN should have

a spatial resolution of 150 km for surface and 250 km for upper-air stations;

(b) If an RBSN station was “silent” according to monitoring results, and another RBSN station located nearby (less than 100 km for surface stations) had regularly reported its observa-tion, the “silent” station should be replaced in the RBSN. If there is no alternative regularly reporting station nearby, the “silent” station may remain on the list if there is an intention to restore operations;

(c) In data sparse areas, existing stations may be nominated for the RBSN even if there are no plans for them to carry out the full schedule of observations;

(d) The nomination by a Member of a station in the network implies a clear commitment of the Member concerned to make fair efforts to carry out the schedule of observations.

RESOLUTIONS 61

5.1.5 Arrangements and procedures for updating and amending the RBSN

Certain minor changes in the RBSN of surface and upper-air synoptic stations which do not affect the data requirements of the Region as a whole are inevitable from time to time. To provide a simple and rapid means of effecting changes proposed by the Members concerned, the following procedure shall be followed:(a) Regional Association V authorizes the president

of the Association to approve, at the request of the Member concerned and in consultation with the Secretary-General, minor changes to the RBSN without a formal consultation with the Members of the Association, it being understood that any change of substance, i.e. one adversely affecting the density of the network or propos-ing a change in observational hours, would still require the formal agreement of Members through the adoption of a resolution by postal ballot;

(b) The Secretary-General shall notify all Members of WMO by circular letter of changes agreed with the president of the Association;

(c) Each Member of the Association is encouraged to nominate a national focal point for WMO on operational matters related to the RBSN. The nominated national focal point should coor-dinate information with the Rapporteur(s) on Regional Aspects of the Integrated Observing Systems and the Secretariat with a view to the timely updating of information regarding the RBSN.

5.2 Regional arrangements and procedures for observations

5.2.1 Pressure-reduction method5.2.1.1 According to the WMO Technical Regulations, Annex V, Manual on the Global Observing System, Volume I, Part III, Regulation 3.3.2.6, the atmospheric pressure at a station shall be reduced to mean sea level, except at those stations where regional association resolutions prescribe otherwise.5.2.1.2 The Association has not taken any decision regarding the introduction of a uniform method of pressure reduction throughout the Region as it consid-ers that, because of the topography of the Region and the fact that a large majority of the meteorological stations in the Region have an elevation of less than 300 m, this is not a matter of great importance.5.2.2 Regional comparison of barometers5.2.2.1 Each Member in the Region should ensure that the barometer of each synoptic station in its territory is compared with a fi xed national standard barometer at least every two years.5.2.2.2 Each national standard barometer should be compared with one of the absolute standard barometers recognized by WMO, within or outside the Region, at least every 10 years.5.2.2.3 The dead weight tester in the Australian Regional Instrument Centre in Melbourne shall be

recognized as the regional standard for pressure for the Region.5.2.3 Ground weather radar observations Considering that ground weather radar observations have demonstrated their usefulness for short-range forecasting, for assessment of precipita-tion over a given area and for the tracking of tropical cyclones and disturbances, Members which have not yet done so are invited to establish and maintain ground weather radar stations. Members who oper-ate weather radars are encouraged to exchange the data with other Members. 5.2.4 Regional Instrument Centres5.2.4.1 Considering the need for regular calibration and maintenance of meteorological instruments to meet increasing needs for high-quality mete-orological and hydrological data, the requirements of Members in the Region for standardization of meteorological measurements, the need for inter-national instrument comparisons and evaluations, and for training of instrument experts, the Regional Instrument Centres should be established (see para-graph 5.2.4.3 below).5.2.4.2 Regional Instrument Centres are designated to carry out the following functions:(a) To keep a set of meteorological standard instru-

ments linked with recognized international or national standards and to log their performance and elements of comparison;

(b) To assist Members of the Region in calibrat-ing their national standard meteorological instruments or in comparing them with the standard instruments mentioned in (a) and to keep the Members of the Region and the WMO Secretariat informed on the available standard instruments;

(c) To be prepared to certify the instruments’ conformity with the standards with reference to WMO recommendations;

(d) To organize instrument evaluations and compar-isons, following standard methods;

(e) To advise Members of the Region, on request, regarding instrument performance and the avail-ability of relevant guidance material;

(f) To assist WMO in organizing symposia, seminars or workshops on the maintenance, calibration and comparison of meteorological instruments by providing laboratory and fi eld installations, as well as assistance with regard to demonstra-tion equipment and expert advice;

(g) To keep a library of books and periodicals on instrument theory and practices;

(h) To cooperate with other Regional Instrument Centres to provide standardization of meteoro-logical instruments.

5.2.4.3 The Association has decided that the Australian Regional Instrument Centre (Melbourne) and the Philippines Regional Instrument Centre (Manila) be designated to perform the functions of Regional Instrument Centres for RA V.


5.2.5 Regional Radiation Centres5.2.5.1 Considering the usefulness of the calibra-tion of national and regional standard pyrheliometers against pyrheliometers of the World Standard Group at fi ve-year intervals for guaranteeing the high quality of radiation data, and noting Resolution 11 (EC-XXX) — National, Regional and World Radiation Centres — Regional Radiation Centres should be established with the following terms of reference:(a) To possess and maintain a standard group of radi-

ometers, consisting of two absolute radiometers;(b) To compare at least once every fi ve years one

of the standard radiometers against the World Standard Group;

(c) To intercompare, at least once a year, the stand-ard radiometers with the aim of checking the stability of the individual instruments. If the ratio has changed by more than ± 0.2% and if the erroneous instruments cannot be identifi ed, a recalibration at the World Radiation Centre has to be performed prior to further use as a standard;

(d) To make available the necessary facilities and laboratory for checking and maintaining the accuracy of the auxiliary measuring equipment;

(e) To provide the necessary outdoor facilities for simultaneous comparison of national standard radiometers from the Region;

(f) To provide qualifi ed staff with wide experience in radiation for continuity of the performance of the Regional Radiation Centre;

(g) To organize and carry out comparisons of national radiation standards within the Region in close collaboration with the other Regional Radiation Centres and to maintain the standard instruments necessary for this purpose.

5.2.5.2 Each Regional Radiation Centre should satisfy the above conditions before it is designated as such and should continue to fulfi l them after being designated.5.2.5.3 The Australian Regional Instrument Centre in Melbourne is designated to serve as the Regional Radiation Centre in RA V.5.3 Other observing systems5.3.1 AMDAR Programme In order to signifi cantly increase the number of upper-air reports for improved analysis and fore-casting, Members of the Association are requested to explore opportunities for obtaining reports from their national airlines as part of regional or subre-gional AMDAR programmes.5.3.2 Marine observations 5.3.2.1 Members are urged to contribute to programmes for collection of meteorological and oceanographic observations over ocean areas.

5.3.2.2 The Association has asked the Rapporteur(s) on Regional Aspects of the Integrated Observing Systems to liaise with the Co-rapporteurs on Regional Marine Meteorological and Oceanographic Services on the development and operation of the GOS in support of marine services.5.3.3 Space-based observations Members should possess the means to receive and display satellite imagery and quantitative data. For weather forecasting purposes the geosta-tionary satellite imagery is a high priority. It is also noted that meteorological research satellites are now considered as part of the GOS.5.4 Regional Basic Climatological

Network5.4.1 The Regional Basic Climatological Network (RBCN) was established by the Regional Association to provide a comprehensive network of CLIMAT and CLIMAT TEMP reporting stations. It is based primarily on RBSN stations and includes the GSN and GUAN stations supplemented by other CLIMAT and CLIMAT TEMP reporting stations needed for description of regional climate features. These supplemental surface stations should be selected under the same criteria used for GSN stations. Non-RBSN stations reporting CLIMAT messages should be considered, particularly those with long records, as well as any Reference Climate Stations.5.4.2 Members are urged to comply fully with the global and regional coding procedures and data collection standards in accordance with procedures laid down in the WMO Technical Regulations and the Manuals on the GOS, on Codes, and on the GTS when operating the RBCN stations.5.4.3 Regional Association V authorizes the presi-dent of the Association to approve, at the request of the Members concerned and in consultation with the Secretary-General, minor amendments to the list of RBCN stations without a formal consultation with the members of the Association, following similar procedures to those specifi ed for the RBSN.5.4.4 CLIMAT and CLIMAT TEMP reports from RBCN stations shall be regarded as essential data in the sense of Resolution 40 (Cg-XII).5.5 Global Climate Observing System Priority should be given by Members of the Association in the implementation of the various components of the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) such as the GSN, GUAN and the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN). The Rapporteur(s) on Regional Aspects of Integrated Observing Systems is requested to moni-tor the GCOS networks using reports produced by the GSN and GUAN monitoring centres.

RESOLUTIONS 63

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC),NOTING:(1) The Abridged Final Report with Resolutions of the

Thirteenth Session of Regional Association V (South-West Pacifi c) (WMO-No. 944),

(2) The Abridged Final Report with Resolutions and Recommendations of the Thirteenth Session of the Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observation (WMO-No. 947),

CONSIDERING:(1) The importance of information on instrument

development as guidance for improving the equipment of surface-based observing stations with sensors and automatic weather stations,

(2) The need for updating information on the status of instrumentation used at meteorological stations and on maintenance and calibration of instruments,

(3) The need for coordinating education and train-ing activities for observers, station inspectors and technicians in the fi eld of operation, maintenance and calibration of meteorological instruments,

DECIDES:(1) To appoint Co-rapporteurs on Regional Aspects

of Instrument Development, Related Training and Capacity-Building with the following terms of reference:(a) To update information on instrumentation

operated at meteorological stations and on its maintenance and calibration;

(b) To prepare guidance for the best effective use of meteorological instrumentation;

(c) To keep abreast of all matters related to instrument development;

(d) To provide guidelines for coordination of education and training activities for instru-ment technicians in collaboration with the Regional Instrument Centres and the WMO Secretariat;

(e) To facilitate liaison between the Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observation (CIMO) and the Regional Association on matters pertaining to capacity-building in the fi eld of instruments and methods of observation;

(2) To invite Mr D. Gorman (Australia) and Mr Zahiri bin Abdullah (Malaysia) to serve as Co-rapporteurs on Regional Aspects of Instrument Development, Related Training and Capacity-Building;

(3) To request the Co-rapporteurs to submit annual progress reports and a fi nal report to the president of the Association with a copy to the president of CIMO at least six months before the next session of the Association.




CO-RAPPORTEURS ON REGIONAL ASPECTS OF INSTRUMENT DEVELOPMENT, RELATED TRAINING AND CAPACITY-BUILDING


RA V TROPICAL CYCLONE COMMITTEE FOR THE SOUTH PACIFIC AND SOUTH-EAST INDIAN OCEAN

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC),NOTING:(1) Resolution 7 (Cg-XIV) — Tropical Cyclone

Programme,(2) United Nations General Assembly resolution

2816 (XXVI) — Assistance in cases of natural disaster and other disaster situations,

(3) United Nations General Assembly resolution 2914 (XXVII) — International action for the mitigation of the harmful effects of storms,

(4) United Nations General Assembly resolution 3234 (XXIX) — International cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space,

(5) United Nations General Assembly resolutions on the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR),

(6) Decisions of the United Nations Commission on the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States (SDSIDS),

(7) The reports of the sessions of the RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee for the South Pacifi c and South-East Indian Ocean,

(8) Sections concerning the Tropical Cyclone Programme in the Sixth WMO Long-term Plan (2004–2011) (WMO-No. 962),

CONSIDERING the need for the countries in the RA V area affected by tropical cyclones to continue to work together to accelerate action, particularly within the context of the SDSIDS, to reduce the loss of human life and damage caused each year by tropical cyclones and associated phenomena,DECIDES:(1) To re-establish a working group to be known as

the RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee for the South Pacifi c and South-East Indian Ocean with the following terms of reference:(a) To promote and coordinate the planning

and implementation of measures for the


improvement of cyclone warning systems and related meteorological services and the facilitation of efforts to minimize loss of life, human suffering and damage caused by tropical cyclones and related phenomena in the Region V area;

(b) To review regularly the status of tropi-cal cyclone warning systems in the RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee area and recommend measures for the development or improvement of these systems;

(c) To review regularly the Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan for the South Pacifi c and South-East Indian Ocean and recommend any amendments to the text of the Plan to the President of RA V for approval;

(d) To coordinate its work with other activi-ties carried out within the WMO Tropical Cyclone Programme, in particular with the RA I Tropical Cyclone Committee for the South-East Indian Ocean and the Economic and Social Commssion for Asia and the Pacifi c (ESCAP)/WMO Typhoon Committee;

(e) To coordinate its activities with other RA V working groups and rapporteurs;

(f) To develop, update and facilitate the imple-mentation of the Technical Plan of the RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee;

(g) To seek through WMO RA V fi nancial and technical support for the programme activities;

(2) To invite the following Members of RA V to nominate experts to serve on the Committee:

Australia New ZealandCook Islands NiueFiji Papua New GuineaFrench Polynesia Samoa

Indonesia Solomon Islands Kiribati Tonga Micronesia, Federated United Kingdom States of United States New Caledonia Vanuatu(3) To invite the following Pacifi c island countries

to designate experts to participate in the work of the Committee:

Marshall Islands Timor-Leste Nauru Tokelau Palau Tuvalu(4) To invite the chairperson of the RA I Tropical

Cyclone Committee for the South-West Indian Ocean to serve as an ex-offi cio member;

(5) To designate, in accordance with Regulation 32 of the WMO General Regulations, Mr M. Bergin (Australia) as chairperson of the Committee;

(6) To elect a vice-chairperson who will continue in that role until the next session and become the interim chairperson should the incumbent chairperson have to stand down for any reason;

REQUESTS the chairperson of the Committee to provide progress reports at least once a year, especially in rela-tion to the implementation of the Technical Plan, to the Members of the Tropical Cyclone Committee and to submit a report to the fifteenth session of RA V;REQUESTS the Secretary-General:(1) To convene biennial sessions of the Committee;(2) To continue to take the necessary steps to

assist the Committee and to ensure the provi-sion of appropriate Secretariat support to its activities.




RE-ESTABLISHMENT OF THE WORKING GROUP ON CLIMATE-RELATED MATTERS

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC),NOTING:(1) The reports and recommendations of rappor-

teurs, focal points and the chairperson on climate matters contained in the Working Group on Climate Matters meeting report,

(2) The report of the RA V Task Team on the Provision of Seasonal to Inter-annual Forecasts and Regional Climate Services,

(3) The Sixth WMO Long-term Plan (2004–2011) (WMO-No. 962),

(4) The work and reports of WMO’s Commission for Climatology (CCl) and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC),

(5) The discussions on climate-related issues by Fourteenth Congress (2003) and the fi fty-fi fth session of the Executive Council,

(6) The relevant regional frameworks and plans,

CONSIDERING the need for the Association to strengthen and coordinate its activities in climate activities of particular importance to the Region,DECIDES:(1) To re-establish the Working Group on Climate-

related Matters with the following terms of reference:(a) To provide advice on methods to identify

needs and then to strengthen and improve climate observations, data rescue, data management and data sets to meet these needs;

(b) To coordinate observational and other climate-related matters with the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) and the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) programmes;

RESOLUTIONS 65

(c) To provide advice on methods to strengthen and improve climate system monitoring, analyses and indices;

(d) To keep abreast of the activities of CCl, IPCC, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and other climate-related bodies, report results of meetings and workshops, and encourage strong regional involvement in these bodies;

(e) To provide advice on and assist in the imple-mentation of various climate information and prediction services in RA V, including Climate Information and Prediction Services (CLIPS), in many different sectors, including agriculture, renewable energy, bioclimatic indices, urban and building planning, risk management, air quality and health;

(f) To examine, coordinate, report on and encourage the use of Geographical Information Systems (GISs) in the provi-sion of climate services;

(g) To provide advice on, assist in identifying and coordinate attendance at climate-related education and training courses/workshops, including information technology and management, based upon a survey of the training requirements in the Region;

(h) To provide further advice and propos-als on the role, structure and mechanism of the Regional Climate Centres in the region, using the report on the recom-mended mechanism for consideration and the recommendation in Appendix B to the report of the WMO RA V Working Group on Climate Matters submitted to the four-teenth session of RA V as a basis;

(i) To review and provide advice/guidance on the use of statistical and dynamic climate modelling and downscaling to produce useable regional and national climate fore-casts and products;

(j) To provide advice and proposals on other important climate-related issues as they develop and evolve;

(2) To select the following experts to serve as rappor-teurs of the Working Group in the capacities indicated:(a) Mr W. Young (Samoa) to serve as the

Rapporteur on Climate Observations and Data Management;

(b) Mr H. Diamond (United States) to serve as the Rapporteur on GCOS (including GAW) and GOOS activities;

(c) Mr L. Maitrepierre (New Caledonia) to serve as the Rapporteur on Climate System Monitoring, Analyses and Indices;

(d) Mr D.S. Wratt (New Zealand) to serve as the Rapporteur on IPCC, UNFCCC, and CCl Activities Pertaining to the Region;

(e) Ms J. Pahalad (Australia) to serve as the Rapporteur on Climate Information and Prediction Services within the Region;

(f) Mr S. McGree (Fiji) to serve as the Rapporteur on Geographical Information Systems in the Provision of Climate Services;

(g) Mr M.A. Ratag (Indonesia) to serve as the Rapporteur on Climate Support to Disaster Prevention and Mitigation with Special Emphasis on Climate Change, Climate Variability and Extreme Weather Events;

(h) Mr R. Kumar (Fiji) to serve as the Rapporteur on Climate-related Education and Training Requirements in the Region and Sources of the Required Training;

(i) Mr M.J. Salinger (New Zealand) and Mr Tham Chien Wan (Singapore) to serve as the Co-rapporteurs on Regional Climate Centres;

(j) Mr Lim Boon Seng (Malaysia) to serve as the Rapporteur on Statistical and Dynamic Climate Modelling and Downscaling.

The rapporteurs should function both individually within their designated responsibilities and also as a team in order to accomplish the Working Group’s terms of reference.(3) To select Mr J. Weyman (United States) to chair

the Working Group;(4) That Members may nominate other experts to

serve on the Working Groups, as required; (5) The Working Group may invite selected climate

experts to attend their meetings, funding and resources permitting;

REQUESTS:(1) The Working Group chairperson and members to

liaise with members of related Open Programme Area Groups (OPAGs) and expert teams of the WMO CCl, the Commission for Basic Systems (CBS), and other technical commissions and committees; GCOS; GOOS; IPCC; and relevant regional groups such as the Secretariat of the Pacifi c Regional Environment Programme (SPREP), the South Pacifi c Applied Geoscience Commission (SOPAC), the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) Sub-Commission for the Western Pacifi c and the Association of the South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) Sub-Committee on Meteorology and Geophysics;

(2) The Working Group chairperson to develop a technical plan with specific goals, objec-tives, strategies and performance measures and to submit annual progress reports to the president of the Association, other reports of meetings, activities and accomplishments, as appropriate, and a final report no later than six months before the fifteenth session of the Association.





RAPPORTEUR ON THE GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE WATCH

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC),NOTING:(1) Resolution 10 (Cg-XIII) — Atmospheric Research

and Environment Programme,(2) WMO Technical Regulations (WMO-No. 49),

Volume I, Chapter B.2, Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW),

CONSIDERING:(1) The ever-increasing awareness of a number of

environmental issues which are being addressed through the GAW,

(2) That WMO has a long history of facilitating and coordinating activities concerning the moni-toring and assessment of global atmospheric chemical composition and related physical char-acteristics, focusing upon six groups of variables related to ozone, ultraviolet radiation, green-house gases, aerosols (i.e. suspended particulate matter), selected reactive gases and precipitation chemistry;

(3) The establishment of the GAW programme by the forty-fi rst session of the Executive Council,

(4) That the Eleventh World Meteorological Congress stated that GAW should be a major component of the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS),

(5) The need to keep fully abreast of developments related to GAW in the Region, including activi-ties such as quality assurance/calibration of observations, the support of ozone and climate assessments and the exchange of experience in research and monitoring,

DECIDES:(1) To appoint one scientifi c expert as Rapporteur on

the Global Atmosphere Watch regional activities

including ozone with the following terms of reference:(a) To survey, report on and promote Members’

efforts in the GAW programmes;(b) To advise on the further development of the

GAW network in the Region with special emphasis on data quality, data reporting and application to regional and national environmental issues and on integrating ground- and satellite-based observation systems;

(c) To assist the WMO Secretariat through the Open Programme Area Group on Environmental Pollution and Atmospheric Chemistry (OPAG-EPAC) of the Commission for Atmospheric Sciences (CAS) in the exchange of information and support of cooperative research and monitoring projects in the fi eld of atmospheric chemis-try and pollution in the Region;

(d) To promote and advise on calibration and quality assurance centres and related activities, including calibration of various monitoring instruments;

(2) To invite Mr Nurhayati (Indonesia) to serve as the Rapporteur on the Global Atmosphere Watch;

(3) To request the Rapporteur to submit annual reports on Regional GAW activities for distribution to Members of the Region and the OPAG-EPAC of CAS, including a fi nal report six months before the next session of the Association.

______NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolutions 8 and 9

(XIII-RA V), which are no longer in force.


RAPPORTEUR ON WWRP-THORPEX

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC),CONSIDERING:(1) The wide interest in participating in the devel-

opment and implementation of the THORPEX Programme in the Region,

(2) That the Region should be kept informed of the progress of THORPEX, regional plans and activities,

DECIDES:(1) To appoint a Rapporteur on WWRP-THORPEX

with the following terms of reference:(a) To serve as a focal point for WWRP-

THORPEX in Regional Association V (South-West Pacifi c);

(b) To encourage and facilitate the partici-pation of the National Meteorological

Services, academia and related agencies of the Region in the activities of THORPEX;

(c) To liaise with the Commission for Atmospheric Science’s Open Programme Area Group on the World Weather Research Programme;

(d) To keep the Association informed on THORPEX activities in the Region in accordance with the THORPEX Inter-national Science Plan and the THORPEX International Research Implementation Plan and specifi c regional activities;

(e) To advise and promote, within the Region, an exchange of information and publications relating to THORPEX activities;

(2) To invite Mr M. Ratag (Indonesia) to serve as Rapporteur on WWRP-THORPEX;

RESOLUTIONS 67

(3) To request the Rapporteur to submit annual reports, as appropriate, to the president of the Association

and a fi nal report no later than six months before the next session of the Association.


WORKING GROUP ON AGRICULTURAL METEOROLOGY

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC),NOTING:(1) Resolution 14 (Cg-XIV) — Agricultural

Meteorology Programme,(2) The Abridged Final Report with Resolutions and

Recommendations of the Thirteenth Session of the Commission for Agricultural Meteorology (WMO-No. 951),

(3) Resolution 10 (XIII-RA V) — Working Group on Agricultural Meteorology,

(4) The recommendations made by the session of the RA V Working Group on Agricultural Meteorology held from 6 to 10 March 2006 in Bukittingi, West Sumatra (Indonesia),

CONSIDERING:(1) The economic importance of agriculture to the

countries in RA V (South-West Pacifi c),(2) The impact of El Niño/Southern Oscillation

(ENSO) and climate variability on agriculture and forestry in the Region,

(3) The impact of extreme events and natural disas-ters on agriculture, forestry and fi sheries,

URGES Members:(1) To undertake studies on the more active applica-

tions of agricultural meteorology for promoting sustainable agriculture in the Region;

(2) To assess the potential impacts of current and future climate change and extreme climate events on sustainable agriculture in the Region and develop appropriate strategies to cope with such impacts;

(3) To strengthen linkages between meteorologi-cal/climatological services and the agricultural sector;

DECIDES: (1) To establish a Working Group on Agricultural

Meteorology with the following terms of reference:(a) To review and recommend applications of

seasonal to inter-annual climate forecasts to agriculture, forestry and fi sheries in the South-West Pacifi c, through active collab-oration with the Climate Information and Prediction Services (CLIPS) and the Commission for Agricultural Meteorology (CAgM);

(b) To assess the current level of interaction with user communities in the applications

of climate forecasts and recommend how user needs in the Region can be more effec-tively met;

(c) To recommend appropriate risk manage-ment strategies in agriculture, forestry and fi sheries for adapting to current and future climate change and other extreme climate events in the Region and suggest how they can be promoted through better communi-cation and more targeted applications;

(d) To recommend appropriate strategies for preparedness and management for sustain-able agriculture, rangelands, forestry and fi sheries under conditions of drought and extreme temperatures;

(e) To assess the economic impacts of agrometeorological information in the South-West Pacifi c through specifi c case studies;

(f) To review the institutional impediments to more effective cooperation between mete-orological services and agricultural, forestry and fi shery agencies and suggest effective ways and means to foster an improved multidisciplinary approach to weather and climate applications in agriculture, forestry and fi sheries in the Region;

(g) To evaluate the use of remote-sensing tech-niques for monitoring crop growth phases, crop loss due to climate hazards and crop production, and promote their application in operational agrometeorology;

(2) To invite the following experts to serve as members of the Working Group: Ms R.H. Angas (Brunei Darussalam) Mr A. Ngari (Cook Islands) Mr D. Aranug (Federated States of Micronesia) Mr R. Lata (Fiji) Mr T. Redfern (Kiribati) Mr L. Maitrepierre (New Caledonia) Mr S. Tukutama (Niue) Mr A. Porteous (New Zealand) Mr K. Inape (Papua New Guinea) Mr A. Titimaea (Samoa) Mr S. Vite (Tonga)

(3) To invite Mr R. Boer (Indonesia) to act as chair-person of the Working Group on Agricultural Meteorology;


(4) To request the chairperson to allocate respon-sibilities in consultation with the members of the Group for the various tasks contained in the terms of reference;

(5) To request the chairperson to submit a fi nal report comprising individual reports of the

members to the president of the Association no later than six months before the next session of the Association.

______NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 10

(XIII-RA V), which is no longer in force.


RAPPORTEUR ON REGIONAL ASPECTS OF THE AERONAUTICAL METEOROLOGY PROGRAMME IN REGION V

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC),NOTING:(1) The need to monitor and keep under review

developments in aeronautical meteorology in the Region,

(2) The need for coordination among RA V Members of activities related to aeronautical meteorol-ogy and for reporting these activities to the Region and the Commission for Aeronautical Meteorology (CAeM),

CONSIDERING that the monitoring, review and coordi-nation of aeronautical meteorological issues would be of great benefit to Members in the Region,DECIDES:(1) To appoint a Rapporteur on Regional Aspects

of the Aeronautical Meteorology Programme (AeMP) with the following terms of reference:(a) To review and advise on observational data

and product requirements of countries in the Region in the context of the AeMP;

(b) To review the status of the implementa-tion of the AeMP in the Region, including observing systems at aerodromes, aircraft data collection, and services provided under the World Area Forecast System (WAFS), and to formulate proposals through the WMO Secretariat to the appropriate International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) bodies for its future development and implementation;

(c) To monitor and promote capacity-building activities related to the AeMP within the Region and to identify training requirements;

(d) To keep abreast of matters related to the implementation of Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR) programmes and projects in the Region;

(e) To liaise by correspondence with the CAeM Open Programme Area Groups (OPAGs) and the ICAO meteorological groups through their respective Secretariats on specifi c regional matters, in particular those related to cost recovery for aeronautical meteoro-logical services;

(f) To provide the president of RA V with advice on aeronautical meteorology matters and to take action, as relevant;

(2) To invite Mr Tan Huvi Vein (Malaysia) to serve as Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of the Aeronautical Meteorology Programme;

(3) To request the Rapporteur to submit annual reports on his activities to the president of the Association as well as fi nal reports six months before the next session of the Association, with copies sent to the WMO Secretariat.




CO-RAPPORTEURS ON REGIONAL MARINE METEOROLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC SERVICES

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC),NOTING the report of the Co-rapporteurs on Regional Oceanographic and Marine Meteorological Services,CONSIDERING:(1) The need for continued development of marine

meteorological and oceanographic services in Region V,

(2) The need to continue close liaison with the Joint WMO/IOC Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology

(JCOMM) with regard to matters affecting the Region,

(3) The geographical extent of the Region, and the consequent diffi culties for a single rapporteur to fully cover all activities over this area,

DECIDES:(1) To appoint two Co-rapporteurs on Regional

Marine Meteorological and Oceanographic Services with the following terms of reference:

RESOLUTIONS 69

(a) To continuously review the status of the imple-mentation of marine meteorological and oceanographic services and marine observing systems in Region V, and to formulate sugges-tions for their further development;

(b) To take action on marine meteorological and oceanographic matters assigned by the president of RA V;

(c) To liaise with the appropriate JCOMM working groups and subgroups on specifi c matters concerning Region V;

(2) To invite Mr P. Parker (Australia) and Ms Lim Lay Eng (Singapore) to serve as the Co-rapporteurs

on Regional Marine Meteorological and Oceanographic Services;

(3) To request the Co-rapporteurs to submit annual reports, as appropriate, to the president of the Association, with a fi nal report to be presented six months prior to the fi fteenth session of the Association;

REQUESTS the Secretary-General to assist the Co-rapporteurs in their work, as appropriate.




WORKING GROUP ON HYDROLOGY

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V(SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC), NOTING:(1) The report of its Working Group on Hydrology

(WGH),(2) Resolution 17 (Cg-XIV) — Hydrology and Water

Resources Programme,(3) Resolution 37 (Cg-XIII) — Terms of reference of

the technical commissions,(4) The Sixth WMO Long-term Plan (2004-2011)

(WMO-No. 962),(5) Resolution 14 (XIII-RA V) — Working Group on

Hydrology,(6) Resolution 20 (Cg-XII) — World Hydrological

Cycle Observing System (WHYCOS),CONSIDERING that Regional Association V should continue to play an important and active role in the implementation of WMO’s regional activities relating to hydrology and water resources,DECIDES:(1) To re-establish the WGH with the following

terms of reference:(a) To provide assistance and advice to the

president of the Association on all issues relating to the regional aspects of the Hydrology and Water Resources Programme (HWRP);

(b) To determine the best way to meet the Region’s needs in terms of hydrology and water resources;

(c) To carry out the HWRP-related activities focusing on the following areas:(i) Raising the visibility of National

Hydrological Services (NHSs) and WMO in the Region;

(ii) Raising awareness of water issues at the national level;

(iii) Establishing a virtual information centre and re-establishing the Regional Newsletter;

(iv) Targeting training and improved human resources development and capacity in RA V;

(v) Improving hydrological network maintenance and ensuring its sustainability;

(vi) Increasing knowledge on fl ood and drought forecasting, within the contex of climate variability and change;

(vii) Supporting the sustainability of tech-nology as it is introduced through new projects, such as the Pacifi c HYCOS, both during the projects and following their completion;

(d) To cooperate with the Commission for Hydrology (CHy) and other WMO bodies on projects relating to hydrology and water resources;

(e) To undertake activities in the priority areas as given in (c) above;

(f) To identify areas of collaboration between WMO, the United Nations Educational, Scientifi c and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the South Pacifi c Applied Geoscience Commission (SOPAC) and the Secretariat of the Pacifi c Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) in addressing the hydrology and water resources needs of the countries of the Region, including their training needs;

(g) To assist in hydrological training activities through the organization of training activities as required, including roving seminars with the services of experts from within the Region;

(h) To assist NHSs in hydrological network maintenance support;

(i) To identify and support public awareness of water issues;

(j) To support activities related to climate change and variability in the Region (includ-ing El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO));

(2) To invite all Members in the Region to designate national hydrological experts to serve on the Working Group and attend its meetings;


(3) To designate, in accordance with General Regulations 167(b) and 32, respectively, Mr C. Pearson (New Zealand) as Regional Hydrological Adviser and chairperson of the WGH;

REQUESTS the Regional Hydrological Adviser and chairperson of the Working Group:(1) To establish, in consultation with the president

of RA V, the Working Group core members to assist in implementing the work programme during the intersessional period;

(2) In his capacity as Adviser, to assist the president of RA V in accordance with the duties stipulated in WMO General Regulation 167(b);

(3) As chairperson of the Working Group, to prepare an implementation plan and to designate, in consultation with the president of the Regional Association, appropriate members from the Working Group to undertake work in the areas specifi ed under DECIDES;

(4) To participate in Executive Council sessions, when invited, representing regional interests in relation to hydrology and water resources and to

coordinate the RA V WGH’s activities with CHy and other regional WGHs;

(5) To submit to the president of the Regional Association an annual report by 31 December every year and a fi nal report no later than six months before the fi fteenth session of RA V;

URGES the Members concerned to give full support to the Regional Hydrological Adviser and the rapporteurs from their countries so that they may carry out the tasks entrusted to them;REQUESTS the Secretary-General:(1) To provide assistance in promoting hydrological

activities in the Region, including seeking funds to implement projects that are prepared as part of the activities of the WGH;

(2) To publish in the technical document series selected technical reports prepared by the Working Group, and distribute them to all concerned.



RESOLUTION 14 (XIV-RAV)

RAPPORTEUR ON EDUCATION AND TRAINING MATTERS

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC),NOTING:(1) Resolution 19 (Cg-XIV) — Education and Training

Programme,(2) General summary paragraph 8.6 of the Abridged

Final Report with Resolutions of the Forty-eighth Session of the Executive Council (WMO-No. 846) on the role of rapporteurs appointed by regional associations on education and training matters,

CONSIDERING that there continues to be a pressing need by Members for staff to be trained at all levels so that they can plan, manage, organize and carry out programmes in meteorology and related fields essen-tial to economic and social development,DECIDES:(1) To designate a Rapporteur on Education and Training

Matters with the following terms of reference:(a) To keep under review and provide advice on

priority subject requirements for regional and specialized education and training;

(b) To examine the feasibility of introducing specialized training courses at the WMO Regional Meteorological Traning Centre (RMTC);

(c) To advise on the application of a technology-intensive approach to the education and training process;

(d) To identify and prioritize requirements for training materials and initiate the prepara-tion of new training publications;

(e) To assess the needs in the training of instructors at national training institutions and the WMO RMTC;

(f) To assist in the development of WMO Long-term Plans for the implementation of the Education and Training Programme;

(2) To invite Mr S. Chene (New Caledonia) to serve as Rapporteur on Education and Training Matters;

(3) To request the Rapporteur to submit to the presi-dent of the Association annual activity reports and a fi nal report six months prior to the fi fteenth session of the Association;

REQUESTS:(1) The Secretary-General of WMO to assist the

Rapporteur in his work, as appropriate;(2) Members and relevant international organiza-

tions to facilitate the work of the Rapporteur, by providing, upon request, information related to the items in DECIDES (1) (a) to (f) above.



RESOLUTIONS 71


WORKING GROUP ON NATURAL DISASTER PREVENTION AND MITIGATION IN REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC)

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC),NOTING:(1) Resolution 29 (Cg-XIV) — Natural Disaster

Prevention and Mitigation Programme,(2) The Abridged Final Report with Resolutions of

the Fourteenth World Meteorological Congress (WMO-No. 960), general summary paragraphs 7.4.1 to 7.4.21 and 3.4.1.23,

(3) Resolution 5 (EC-LVI) — Executive Council Advisory Group on Natural Disaster Prevention and Mitigation,

(4) The Abridged Final Report with Resolutions of the Fifty-sixth Session of the Executive Council (WMO-No. 977), general summary paragraphs 11.1 to 11.13,

(5) The Abridged Final Report with Resolutions of the Fifty-seventh Session of the Executive Council (WMO-No. 988),

(6) The Revised DPM Implementation Plan, (7) The outcome documents of the World

Conference on Disaster Reduction (Kobe, Hyogo, Japan, 18 to 22 January 2005), includ-ing the Hyogo Declaration and the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005–2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters,

(8) That several National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) have estab-lished partnerships with disaster risk management agencies at the national and regional levels, and that their experience would be valuable for the formulation of the Natural Disaster Prevention and Mitigation (DPM) Programme,

CONSIDERING:(1) That RA V is exposed to various hydrometeoro-

logical natural disasters such as tropical cyclones, monsoons and fl oods as well as earthquakes and tsunamis,

(2) That DPM is a major regional concern for human socio-economic activities and environmental protection,

(3) That a wide range of activities of WMO Programmes are related to natural disaster reduction,

(4) That there is a need to establish an effective framework for support to regional activities on DPM to ensure that all gaps and needs are addressed in a prioritized, systematic and sustainable manner through a coordinated approach,

(5) That there is the need for adequate refl ection on issues relating to natural disasters of hydromete-orological origin in international and regional conferences and events,

DECIDES:(1) To establish a Working Group on Natural Disaster

Prevention and Mitigation in RA V with the following terms of reference:(a) To consider DPM problems within the

context of the specifi c characteristics and needs of the Region and then make recom-mendations to Members on the preparation of appropriate and targeted regional plans of action;

(b) To identify and evaluate good practices at the regional level on policy and activi-ties related to DPM, and to coordinate the exchange of information on current good practices with the respective network of focal points on natural disasters and with the DPM Programme;

(c) To identify opportunities and assist WMO and Members in the establishment of stra-tegic partnerships of regional interest;

(d) To conduct a needs analysis on the capacity-building requirements of Members in the Region;

(e) To coordinate its activities with other RA V working groups and assist the Secretariat in carrying out activities within the Region relating to the WMO DPM Programme;

(f) To advise on how NMHSs can strengthen their linkages to the national emergency and disaster risk management and emer-gency structures in their countries;

(2) To invite the following experts to serve as members of the Working Group:

Mr A. Ngari (Cook Islands)Mr D. Aranug (Federated States of Micronesia)Mr R. Prasad (Fiji)Mr F. Troc (French Polynesia)Mr P. Harjadi (Indonesia)Mr T. Kireua (Kiribati)Mr Low Kong Chiew (Malaysia)Mr S. Chene (New Caledonia)Mr R. Stainer (New Zealand)Mr S. Pulehetoa (Niue)Mr S. Maiha (Papua New Guinea)Ms F. Nelson (Samoa)Mr Zong Miow Koon (Singapore)Mr M. Takai (Tonga)Mr N. Rydell (United States)

(3) To invite representatives from the Intergovernmental Coordination Groups for the Indian Ocean and the Pacifi c Tsunami Warning Systems to participate in the Working Group;


(4) To invite Mr L. Anderson-Berry (Australia) to act as chairperson;

(5) To request the chairperson, in consultation with the Management Group and taking into account relevant plans of the Association, to identify specifi c tasks for the Working Group to undertake and to allocate the tasks in consulta-tion with the members of the Group;

(6) To request the chairperson to submit annual reports, as appropriate, to the president of the Association, with a fi nal report to be presented six months prior to the next session of the Association;

REQUESTS the Secretary-General to take the relevant actions to support the activities of the Working Group, within the available budget.

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC),NOTING:(1) Resolution 5 (Cg-XIV) — WMO Space Programme,

a new and major cross-cutting Programme,(2) Resolution 6 (Cg-XIV) — WMO Consultative

Meetings on High-level Policy on Satellite Matters,

RECOGNIZING the importance and great potential available through the exploitation of satellite data, products and services from the expanded space-based component of the Global Observing System (GOS) as described in the WMO Space Programme Implementation Plan for 2004–2007,FURTHER recognizing the necessity for involvement by Members of the Region in regional implementation activities for the WMO Space Programme,DECIDES:(1) To appoint a Rapporteur for the WMO Space

Programme with the following terms of reference:(a) To coordinate with the WMO Space

Programme Offi ce on regional aspects of the WMO Space Programme Implementation Plan;

(b) To evaluate the WMO Space Programme Implementation Plan and advise Members of the Region on regional activities that will contribute fully to the exploitation of satellite data, products and services;

(c) To coordinate with other Regional WMO Space Programme Rapporteurs on relevant Space Programme activities;

(d) To provide the president of the Association with appropriate informa-tion, advice and recommendations to be presented under the appropriate agenda items at sessions of technical commis-sions, joint sessions of the presidents of technical commissions and presidents of regional associations, and sessions of the Executive Council;

(2) To invite Mr D. Griersmith (Australia) to serve as the Rapporteur for the WMO Space Programme;

(3) To request the Rapporteur to submit annual reports, as appropriate, to the president of the Association and a fi nal report six months before the next session of the Association.


RAPPORTEUR FOR THE WMO SPACE PROGRAMME


RAPPORTEUR FOR THE GLOBAL EARTH OBSERVATION SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC),NOTING:(1) The Declaration of the fi rst Earth Observation

Summit, held in Washington D.C. on 31 July 2003, for improved coordination of observing systems towards a comprehensive, coordinated and sustained Earth observation system or systems,

(2) The Communiqué of the second Earth Observation Summit, held in Tokyo (Japan) on 25 April 2004, adopting the Framework Document that describes principal benefi ts of Earth observa-tions for a broad range of user communities and the fundamental elements to be included in the 10-Year Implementation Plan for what would henceforth be called a Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS); and the invitation

to the governing bodies of international and regional organizations sponsoring existing Earth observing systems to support the action of the Summit,

(3) Resolution 9 (EC-LVI) — Global Earth Observation System of Systems,

RECOGNIZING the significant opportunity for GEOSS to provide societal benefits, capacity-building and sustainable development through improved obser-vations and a better understanding of the Earth system, its atmosphere, oceans, land surface and freshwater, geology, natural resources, ecosystems and natural and human-induced hazards and the vast experience and considerable expertise through-out the Region,URGES Members to become fully involved in the plan-ning and implementation of GEOSS;

RESOLUTIONS 73

STRESSES the importance of assisting the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) of developing countries in the Region to participate fully in GEOSS through the strengthening of their observ-ing networks and the enhancement of their provision of services in support of the social and economic bene-fits of their national commitments;ENCOURAGES the Permanent Representatives of Members to work closely with other Earth observation agencies at the national level to ensure the develop-ment of well-coordinated national plans for GEOSS implementation;DECIDES:(1) To appoint a Rapporteur for the Global Earth

Observation System of Systems with the follow-ing terms of reference:(a) To evaluate the GEOSS Implementation

Plan and advise Members of the Region on regional activities that will contribute fully to the development and implementation of GEOSS, including enhanced operation of the World Weather Watch and other

WMO-sponsored and jointly sponsored observing systems and components relevant to GEOSS;

(b) To coordinate with other Regional GEOSS rapporteurs on relevant GEOSS activities;

(c) To provide the president of the Association with appropriate information, advice and recommendations to be presented under the appropriate agenda items at sessions of technical commissions, joint sessions of the presidents of technical commissions and presidents of regional associations, and sessions of the Executive Council;

(d) To inform the WMO Secretariat on a regular basis of regional GEOSS activities;

(2) To invite Ms A. Apostolou (Australia) to serve as the Rapporteur for the Global Earth Observation System of Systems;

(3) To request the Rapporteur to submit annual reports, as appropriate, to the president of the Association and a fi nal report six months before the next session of the Association.


MANAGEMENT GROUP OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC)

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC),NOTING:(1) The Abridged Final Report with Resolutions of

the Fourteenth World Meteorological Congress (WMO-No. 960),

(2) The Abridged Final Report with Resolutions of the Thirteenth Session of Regional Association V (South-West Pacifi c) (WMO-No. 944),

(3) The reports of the meetings of the RA V Advisory Working Group,

CONSIDERING the proposal of the Advisory Working Group of the Association,RECOGNIZING the need to have a mechanism to address issues not handled by other working groups or rapporteurs,DECIDES:(1) To establish a Management Group of Regional

Association V (South-West Pacifi c) (RA V MG) with the following terms of reference:(a) To review matters related to the work of the

Association, in particular matters requir-ing actions that cannot wait until the next regular session of the Association;

(b) To plan and coordinate the work of the Association and its subsidiary bodies;

(c) To review the structure and work of the subsidiary bodies of the Association, includ-ing advice on the implementation of their recommendations and taking into account fi nancial and other resources needed in the work of these bodies;

(d) To address other issues not covered by working groups or rapporteurs;

(e) To develop, update, coordinate and monitor strategic plans for the Region, including the Strategic Action Plan for the Development of Meteorology in the Pacifi c Region 2000–2009, and to provide the Region’s contribution to the WMO Strategic Plan, including overseeing the development of the RA V Strategic Plan and its eventual implementation;

(f) To assess and evaluate the implementation of the Regional Programme with regard to the activities of RA V as per the WMO Long-term Plan;

(g) To review the requirements and priorities of training and other events to be organized in the Region;

(h) To address ways and means of enhancing technical assistance to Members in the Region for the implementation of WMO Programmes and activities;

(2) To invite the president to act as chairperson of the Management Group, which is composed of the president, the vice-president and three Directors of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) to be invited by the president for each session;

(3) The president may invite, as appropriate, other Directors of NMHSs and chairpersons of RA V working groups or rapporteurs to participate in


the meetings of RA V MG, subject to the avail-ability of fi nancial resources;

REQUESTS the president to ensure that subregions are represented as appropriate on the Management Group, and that the Group meets annually, or as needed, pref-erably in conjunction with other meetings or events; AUTHORIZES the president to take necessary decisions on behalf of the Association, after consultation with the Management Group, on important matters;

FURTHER REQUESTS the president to report to the Association during the intersessional period, as neces-sary, and at its next regular session on the activities of the Management Group and relevant decisions taken on behalf of the Association.




REVIEW OF PREVIOUS RESOLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE ASSOCIATION

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC),NOTING general summary paragraph 3.7.1 of the Abridged Final Report with Resolutions of the Ninth Session of the Executive Committee (WMO-No. 67),CONSIDERING:(1) That a number of its resolutions adopted before its

fourteenth session have been revised and incorpo-rated in resolutions of the fourteenth session,

(2) That some of its other previous resolutions have been incorporated in appropriate WMO publica-tions or have become obsolete,

(3) That some of the previous resolutions are still to be implemented,

DECIDES:(1) To keep in force Resolutions 5 (X-RA V), 10

(X-RA V), 10 (XI-RA V), 4 (XII-RA V), 7 (XII-RA V), 13 (XIII-RA V) and 16 (XIII-RA V);

(2) Not to keep in force the other resolutions adopted before its fourteenth session;

(3) To publish the text of the resolutions kept in force in the annex to this resolution.


RESOLUTIONS OF RA V ADOTPED PRIOR TO ITS FOURTEENTH SESSION AND MAINTAINED IN FORCE

Resolution 5 (X-RA V)FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF THE GLOBAL OBSERVING SYSTEMREGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC),NOTING:(1) Resolution 25 (Cg-X) — Second WMO Long-term

Plan, by which the WWW Programme, includ-ing the WWW Implementation Programme for RA V, was adopted,

(2) The progress being made in the implementa-tion of the ASDAR, ASAP and drifting buoy programmes,

CONSIDERING:(1) That large parts of the Region are data-sparse

areas,(2) The importance of an effective Regional Basic

Synoptic Network and the essential need to integrate the RBSN with the overall GOS,

(3) The need to have comprehensive and realis-tic information on the value of new observing systems, their costs and their interfaces with other parts of the regional programme,

INVITES Members to participate in the deployment and use of new observing systems and, individually

or collectively, to evaluate the effectiveness of these systems and their integration in the WWW;ENCOURAGES Members to seek VCP assistance for the installation of satellite-data ground receiving stations, weather radar and new observing systems such as ASDAR, ASAP and buoys;URGES Members to:(1) Provide additional surface observations in ocean

areas using the Voluntary Observing Ships scheme, buoys and suitable fi xed platforms;

(2) Consider the possibility of deploying ASAP systems on ships and ASDARs or other auto-mated data-collection systems on aircraft fl ying suitable routes over the ocean;

(3) Examine the communication facilities and data quality-control procedures to ensure that the data are of high quality and are received at the data-processing centres in a timely fashion;

REQUESTS the Rapporteur on the Regional Aspects of the Global Observing System to keep abreast of developments in the implementation of this resolu-tion by Members and to report to the next session of the Association.

RESOLUTIONS 75

Resolution 10 (X-RA V)TROPICAL CYCLONE OPERATIONAL PLAN FOR THE SOUTH PACIFIC AND SOUTH-EAST INDIAN OCEANREGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC),NOTING:(1) A series of resolutions by the General Assembly

of the United Nations calling for international cooperation and action by WMO for the mitiga-tion of the harmful effects of storms, in particular in connection with the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR),

(2) Resolution 5 (Cg-X) — Tropical Cyclone Programme,

(3) With appreciation the fi nal report of the second session of the RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee for the South Pacifi c,

(4) Resolution 11 (X-RA V) — Tropical Cyclone Committee for the South Pacifi c and South-East Indian Ocean,

CONSIDERING:(1) The need to enhance cooperative efforts by

countries in the South Pacifi c and adjacent areas affected by tropical cyclones in effectively carrying out their roles in coordinated arrange-ments for preparing and issuing meteorological forecasts and warnings of all tropical cyclones affecting the area,

(2) That, to achieve this aim, it is essential to have an agreed tropical cyclone operational plan for the South Pacifi c and the South-East Indian Ocean which describes the coordinated arrangements and defi nes the observing, forecasting and warn-ing responsibilities of all cooperating countries,

DECIDES to adopt the Tropical Cycone Operational Plan for the South Pacific and South-East Indian Ocean published in Tropical Cyclone Programme Report No. TCP-24 (WMO/TD-No. 292) — Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan for the South Pacific and South-East Indian Ocean;AUTHORIZES the president of RA V to approve, on behalf of the Association, amendments to this Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan, as recommended by the RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee for the South Pacific;REQUESTS the Secretary-General to inform all Members and island States and Territories concerned of any amendments to, and updating of, the Operational Plan.

Resolution 10 (XI-RA V)USE OF INMARSAT FOR THE COLLECTION OF SHIPS’ METEOROLOGICAL AND OCEANO-GRAPHIC REPORTSREGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC),NOTING:(1) Resolution 19 (Cg-XI) — The collection and

dissemination of marine meteorological and oceanographic information using INMARSAT,

(2) The operation of Coast Earth Stations (CES) of INMARSAT in Region V,

(3) The equipping of an increased number of ships participating in the WMO Voluntary Observing Ships (VOS) scheme with Ship Earth Stations (SES) of INMARSAT, in particular with the INMARSAT-C facility,

CONSIDERING:(1) The need to increase the number of ships’ mete-

orological and oceanographic reports from most of the sea areas of Region V,

(2) The considerable improvements to be expected in the receipt of marine meteorological and oceanographic observations from ships at sea through the enhanced use of the INMARSAT system,

(3) The cost-savings which will accrue to those Members collecting such reports through INMARSAT by the increased use of the new INMARSAT-C facility for this purpose,

RECOGNIZING with appreciation that certain Members operating INMARSAT CES have already arranged through their CES to accept ships’ meteorological and oceanographic reports that are of general value to all Members of WMO,BEING CONCERNED, however, that problems continue to be related to the timely redistribution to the coun-tries closest to their geographical origin of reports collected through INMARSAT,URGES:(1) Members concerned to make every effort to ensure

the timely redistribution of reports collected through INMARSAT to countries in the areas of the geographical origins of those reports;

(2) All Members in the Region operating VOS equipped with INMARSAT-C to make every effort for these ships to be supplied with the new software package for the compilation and transmission of meteorological reports through INMARSAT-C, to ensure the maxi-mum effi ciency and cost-effectiveness of such an operation;

REQUESTS the Secretary-General to assist Members in the implementation of this resolution.

Resolution 4 (XII-RA V)REGIONAL INSTRUMENT CENTRES (RICs)REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC),NOTING:(1) The Abridged Final Report with Resolutions of the

Eleventh Session of Regional Association V (South-West Pacifi c) (WMO-No. 811),

(2) The sixth edition of the Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation (WMO-No. 8),

CONSIDERING:(1) The need for regular calibration and maintenance

of meteorological instruments to meet the


increasing needs for high quality meteorological and hydrological data,

(2) The requirements of Members in the Region for standardization of meteorological instruments,

(3) The need for international instrument inter-comparisons and evaluations,

NOTING with appreciation the offers made by Australia and the Philippines to provide facilities to the NICs to perform the function of RICs,DESIGNATES the NIC Manila, Philippines as an RIC for RA V with the following functions:(a) To keep a set of meteorological standard instru-

ments linked with recognized international or national standards and to log their performance and elements of comparison;

(b) To assist Members of the Region in calibrating their national standard meteorological instru-ments or in comparing them with standard instruments and to keep the Members of the Region and the WMO Secretariat informed on the availability of standard instruments;

(c) To be prepared to certify the instruments’ conformity with the standards with reference to WMO recommendations;

(d) To organize instrument evaluations and compar-isons, following standard methods;

(e) To advise Members of the Region concerned on their enquiries regarding instrument perform-ance and on the availability of relevant guidance material;

(f) To assist WMO in organizing regional sympo-sia, seminars or workshops on the maintenance, calibration and comparison of meteorological instruments by providing laboratory and fi eld installations, as well as to provide assistance with regard to demonstration equipment and expert advice;

(g) To keep a library of books and periodicals on instrument theory and practices;

(h) To cooperate with other RICs to provide stand-ardization of meteorological instruments;

DESIGNATES also the Australian RIC in Melbourne with the following functions:(a) To keep a set of meteorological standard

instruments with traceability to recognized international or national standards and to document their performance and elements of comparison;

(b) To assist Members of Region V to calibrate those national standards meteorological instruments or compare them with the standard instru-ments maintained by the RIC, and to keep the Members of RA V and the WMO Secretariat informed on the available standard instruments and their traceability;

(c) To provide documentation, when required by WMO, to certify traceability of all standard instruments used for RIC functions;

(d) To organize instrument evaluations and compar-isons based on proven methodologies;

(e) To provide advice to Members of RA V on instru-ment performance and availability of relevant guidance material;

(f) To keep a library of books and periodicals on meteorology and methods of measurement in meteorology, that can be referred to on request from Members of RA V;

(g) To cooperate with other RICs to provide better links to international standards;

(h) To inform Members of RA V and WMO when relevant training courses, seminars and sympo-sia on meteorological metrology are to be conducted;

(i) To include the operations of the RA V Radiation Centre (also based in the Australian Bureau of Meteorology) in its activities;

REQUESTS the Secretary-General to include the content of this resolution in the Manual on the Global Observing System (WMO-No. 544), Volume II, Regional Aspects, Region V (South-West Pacific).

Resolution 7 (XII-RA V)CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE SOUTH-WEST PACIFICREGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC),NOTING:(1) Article 10 of the Kyoto Protocol to the United

Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change,

(2) The plans of the WMO-UNEP Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for the prepa-ration of its Third Assessment Report,

(3) The continuing high level of public concern within the Region about the possible impacts of climate change,

(4) The uncertainty about the likely nature and magnitude of human-induced climate change in the Region,

(5) The vital role of the NMSs of the Region in providing scientifi c data and advice to their governments on climate matters,

(6) Its own responsibility, under Article 18 of the WMO Convention, for coordination of meteorological (including climatological) and related activities in the Region,

ADOPTS the summary statement entitled Climate Change in the South-West Pacific as set down in the annex to this resolution;REQUESTS the president of the Association and the Secretary-General to bring the statement to the attention of all concerned.

Annex to Resolution 7 (XII-RA V)CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE SOUTH-WEST PACIFICAt its twelfth session in Bali, Indonesia (September 1998), the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Regional Association for the South-West Pacifi c

RESOLUTIONS 77

(RA V) reviewed the substantial recent global and regional action in connection with possible human-induced climate change. It noted that, despite considerable progress in the scientifi c study of possi-ble climate change in the Region, there are great uncertainties about the nature and likely magnitude of future change and only modest progress has been made in establishing or upgrading the meteorologi-cal and related observing systems needed to detect and monitor climate variability and change in the Region. Conscious of its role as the established intergovernmental body responsible for coordina-tion of meteorological (including climatological) and related activities in the Region, the Association iden-tifi ed a number of important initiatives for priority attention. In particular, the Association agreed that:(a) Those Members with the capability to do so

should accelerate their efforts to develop scien-tifi cally-sound regional assessments of future climate change for the South-West Pacifi c for a range of greenhouse gas emission scenarios;

(b) Necessary support should be sought to enable scientists from the developing countries in the Region to participate fully in the scientifi c studies in order to ensure that expert advice is available to their governments on the nature, scientifi c basis and reliability of the projections of possible future change;

(c) Members should be encouraged to participate as fully as possible in the work of the IPCC, including especially the preparation of its Third Assessment Report;

(d) The attention of all Members should be drawn to the fundamental role of the WWW and its RBSN as the observational foundation for climate moni-toring in the Region and to the critical need for upgrading both the coverage and the perform-ance standards of these networks, in line with the interest of Article 10 of the Kyoto Protocol;

(e) Close coordination should be maintained at both the national and regional levels between the WWW networks and the related observa-tional initiatives such as GCOS;

(f) The existing routine climate monitoring systems for the Region should be upgraded in respect of both their content and timeliness, and training opportunities should be provided in their use for staff from the NMHSs of Members of the developing countries in the Region;

(g) Members should be encouraged to cooperate in annual assessments of observed climate varia-tions and trends in the Region;

(h) In undertaking studies of the scope for adap-tation to future climate change in the Region, Members and international organizations should pay greater attention to the very large natural variability of the climate of the South-West Pacifi c and, in particular, to the role of the various existing programmes on tropi-cal cyclone, fl ood and other national disaster mitigation;

(i) There are still signifi cant scientifi c uncertain-ties about the operation of the climate system, which add uncertainty to predictions of climate variability and change. Members were encouraged to participate in the planning and implementation of research programmes, such as CLIVAR, ensuring that they address global and regional processes important to South-West Pacifi c countries.

Resolution 13 (XIII-RA V)SUPPORT FOR JCOMM REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC),NOTING:(1) Resolution 14 (Cg-XIII) — Joint WMO/IOC

Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology (JCOMM),

(2) IOC Assembly Resolution XX-12 — The Joint WMO/IOC Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology (J-COMM),

(3) The Abridged Final Report with Resolutions and Recommendations of the First Session of JCOMM (WMO-No. 931),

CONSIDERING that oceanographic and marine mete-orological observations not only make a significant contribution to operational meteorology and the provision of marine services, but also are essential to global climate studies generally,RECOGNIZING:(1) That JCOMM is now the appropriate and sole

WMO body for the international coordination and regulation of a global operational ocean observ-ing, data management and services system,

(2) That some Members of the Association are actively involved in the deployment and maintenance of a variety of ocean observation facilities, for both operational and research purposes,

(3) That Members of the Association are also increasingly being required to provide coordinated meteorological and oceanographic services for a large variety of marine user groups,

(4) That the Global Telecommunication System (GTS) will continue to be essential for the operational collection and exchange of many types of ocean data,

RECOGNIZING FURTHER that a substantial increase in the amount of ocean data available operationally is needed to satisfy the requirements of operational meteorology, oceanographic services and research and global climate studies for such data,URGES Members:(1) To continue and, where possible, expand their

existing operational ocean observing system facilities and activities, as contributions to the World Weather Watch (WWW), Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) and Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) and with interna-tional coordination effected through JCOMM;

(2) To participate actively in the planning and implementation of these systems and in the work of JCOMM;


(3) To coordinate with appropriate national ocea-nographic agencies and institutions to ensure the long-term operational maintenance of oceanographic observing systems;

(4) To coordinate with appropriate national oceanographic agencies and institutions in developing oceanographic data management capabilities and oceanographic services;

(5) To enhance two-way ship-to-shore telecommu-nication arrangements for oceanographic data and products, in particular through the greater use of satellite-based telecommunications facil-ities such as the International Maritime Satellite System (INMARSAT) and Argos systems;

REQUESTS the Secretary-General to take any action considered necessary, and within the available budgetary resources, to assist Members to participate in the development and maintenance of JCOMM.

Resolution 16 (XIII-RA V)WMO VOLUNTARY COOPERATION PROGRAMMEREGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC),NOTING:(1) Resolution 18 (Cg-XIII) — The WMO Voluntary

Cooperation Programme,

(2) That urgent and essential support has to be provided for the implementation of the World Weather Watch (WWW) and the other WMO Scientifi c and Technical Programmes to Member and non-Member Island States in the Region,

CONSIDERING the importance of maintaining the basic synoptic and climatological networks in the Region for the benefit of all WMO Programmes,RECOMMENDS that support directed to the Region under the WMO Voluntary Cooperation Programme (VCP) should be further enhanced;URGES:(1) Members of the Association to take more

active roles in and contribute to the VCP, to the maximum extent possible, in support of funds, equipment and services, including fellowships;

(2) Members of the Association to identify their requirements and to seek, as appropriate, support through the WMO VCP;

REQUESTS the Secretary-General of WMO to make an urgent appeal to potential donors (including donors outside the Region) to provide support specifically for the Region, under the VCP or otherwise.

To assist in developing and updating strategic and action plans for the development of meteorology in Region V, and to link the Regional action plan devel-oped for the World Weather Watch (WWW) to the strategic action plans of Region V.

Integrated Observing Systems (IOS)To develop a regional action plan for the develop-ment of the Global Observing System (GOS) which addresses Member needs and priorities, and which is integrated into the WMO plan for integrated observa-tions, and to ensure that the plan addresses:(a) Enhanced access to, and utilization of, a broader

range of satellite data, through both direct recep-tion and advanced dissemination mechanisms such as SATAID and provision of appropriate training (4534 éIK5AK5N X);

(b) Investigation of low-cost lightning detection systems as a complementary observing tool, with particular benefi ts for countries without weather watch radar (4534 éIK5AK5N X);

(c) Establishment of an affordable Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR) programme for the Region to extend the coverage of aircraft reports over the region.

Information Systems and Services (ISS) 1. To develop a regional action plan for the WMO Information System (WIS) which addresses Member needs and priorities, and which is integrated into the WMO WIS plan, and to ensure that the plan addresses:(a) Participation in the RA II/RA V Virtual Private

Network (VPN) pilot project, with special empha-sis on facilitating the inclusion of small island developing States (SIDS) (4534 éIK5AK5N X);

(b) Implementation of WIS in the Region, including identifi cation of potential Global Information System Centres (GISCs) and Data Collection or Production Centres (DCPCs) (4534 éIK5AK5N X);

(c) Capability-building necessary for the imple-mentation of WIS and the development of information and communication technology skills in the Region (4534 éIK5AK5N X);

(d) Participation of relevant non-National Meteorological and Hydrological Service (NMHS) agencies/users of the Region (including appropri-ate regional organizations such as the Secretariat of the Pacifi c Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) and the South Pacifi c Applied Geoscience Commission (SOPAC) in the development and implementation of WIS.

2. To develop an action plan for improving early warning system capabilities in the Region, and to ensure that the plan addresses:(a) Enhancement of communications systems (the

Global Telecommunication System — GTS) and data management, in particular in support of early warning systems, including through contributing to a workshop for the Region involving NMHSs and other stakeholders (4534 éIK5AK5 NX);

(b) Repairing/upgrading the Emergency Managers Weather Information Network (EMWIN) where required in NMHSs and assisting emergency management organizations and other non-governmental organizations (NGOs) using EMWIN to upgrade to the new system under the new GOES satellites (4534 éIK5AK5 NX).

3. To develop an action plan for improving commu-nication of critical data and products within the Region, and to ensure that the plan addesses:(a) Integration of radio and Internet (RANET), high

frequency e-mail and EMWIN into the Regional Meteorological Telecommunication Network (RMTN) (4534 éIK5AK5 NX);

(b) Continued development of RANET in provid-ing a sustainable means of communicating with isolated and remote communities and in extend-ing the capabilities of the GTS (4534 éIK5AK5 NX);

(c) Inclusion of RANET content in the low-rate infor-mation transmission (LRIT) broadcast from the GOES satellites (coverage of the eastern part of the Pacifi c) (4534 éIK5AK5 NX);

(d) Facilitating the migration to LRIT for MT-SAT and GOES reception in relevant centres (4534 éIK5AK5 NX).

4. To develop and implement a regional action plan for migration to table-driven code forms, including a national pilot project to serve as a pathfi nder for the rest of the Region (4534 éIK5AK5 NX).

Data-processing and Forecasting System (DPFS)1. To develop a regional action plan for the tropi-cal cyclone demonstration project in its investigation of the application of advanced numerical weather prediction (NWP) output in an end-to-end warning system (4534 éIK5AK5 NX).2. To develop an action plan to improve the exploi-tation of NWP within the Region, and to ensure that the plan addresses:(a) Improvement in the capacities of NMHSs in

the Region to utilize the expanding array of

ANNEXES

ANNEX I (XIV-RA V)Annex to paragraph 4.1.7 of the general summary

SPECIFIC WG-PIW TASKS


well-supported information available for seasonal to inter-annual prediction, and a greater emphasis on the application of the broad-scale products to meet requirements in individual countries in the Region (4534 éIK5AK5N X);

(b) Support for the extension of high-resolution regional and subregional NWP initiatives.

3. To provide feedback to Global Producing Centres on the performance of, and Regional needs for, short-, medium- and long-range predictions, including NWP ensemble prediction system products.4. To coordinate continued development of envi-ronmental emergency response and atmospheric transport capabilities and arrangements in the frame-work of multi-hazard, multi-purpose early warning systems.

Public Weather Services (PWS) To develop an action plan for PWS improvement in Region V, and to ensure that the plan addresses:(a) Assessment and publicizing of socio-economic

benefi ts of meteorological services, including in disaster mitigation (4534 éIK5AK5N X);

(b) Provision of information on low-cost options for providing improved television weather presenta-tions (4534 éIK5AK5N X);

(c) Development of guidance material and other assistance to Members in developing their own national PWS, including for improving the presentation of warnings and forecasts through various media in the Region (4534 éIK5AK5N X);

(d) Guidance on national verifi cation of public forecasts and monitoring the utility of such information;

(e) Greater utilization of NWP information to assist in the provision of forecast and warning services, including the application of ensemble prediction system output as a means to convey uncertainty in forecasts.

Cross-cutting atctivities1. To contribute to the development of the Quality Management Framework, with particular attention

to reviewing relevant documentation of Regional components of the technical documentation (4534 éIK5AK5 NX).2. To contribute to the development of regional and national action plans for involvement in THORPEX (and the International Polar Year) to ensure that there will be applications and benefi ts for the Region.3. In coordination with the Working Group on Natural Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, to develop a Regional action plan for disaster prevention and mitigation, and to ensure that the plan addresses: (a) Regional application of the WMO Natural Disaster

Prevention and Mitigation Programme and the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR) in relation to WWW support in the Region with a view to enhancing disaster preparedness and effectiveness of warnings in the Region;

(b) Within the current multi-hazard approach to early warnings and emergency management, to strengthen links with appropriate regional organizations (such as SPREP, SOPAC);

(c) Improvement of relations and coordination between NMHSs, disaster coordinators, the media, the private sector and NGOs;

(d) Strengthening of links with and support for national emergency management organiza-tions in a multi-hazard approach to disaster management;

(e) Provision of PWS to vulnerable and at risk communities and special populations (such as tourists in some cases), and taking into account language and dialect variations.

4. To encourage the application of the WMO least developed country and SIDS strategies in upgrading WWW implementation in the relevant countries in the Region. 5. To contribute to the coordination of the planning and development of the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) with the WWW systems.6. To develop and promote measures that link efforts to strengthen NMHSs and regional coopera-tion activities to direct socio-economic benefi ts in each country/State in the Region.

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ANNEX III (XIV-RA V))Annex to paragraph 15.4.3 of the general summary

EXECUTIVE COUNCIL STATEMENT ON THE ROLE AND OPERATION OF NATIONAL METEOROLOGICAL AND HYDROLOGICAL SERVICES (FOR DECISION MAKERS)

Key social and economic drivers1. Governments are striving to improve the well-being of their citizens. Population growth, reduc-ing poverty, water security, food security, increasing prosperity, and improving public health, safety and security are key drivers. To deal with these issues, governments have to develop and implement effec-tive policy, and promote fundamental tenets of societal and environmental governance. However, as regards the environment, it is common knowledge that we are challenged by our natural environment, made worse by changes in the climate, which threatens the sustainable development of human societies through extreme weather events causing disasters, reduced food security, reduced availability of uncontaminated fresh-water, and the rise and spread of diseases. This is further compounded by growing urbanization and the expan-sion of human habitation into previously unoccupied places, such as arid zones, mountain slopes, fl ood plains and the sea’s edge. These are exposing populations to air and waterborne diseases, heat stress, drought, land-slides, fl oods, storm surges and tsunamis. 2. The safety of life and protection of property is important for all countries but especially for the sustainability of emerging economies. These countries are highly vulnerable to natural disasters, which can wipe out 10 to 15 per cent of a developing nation’s gross domestic product on average. Only with a clear understanding of the potential threats, advanced warning, and adequate disaster reduction and mitiga-tion efforts can we properly protect our societies. 3. These are issues that must be dealt with if the global community is to attain the targets set through the 2000 Millennium Declaration, which are also highlighted by the 2002 Johannesburg Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development.

The role of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services4. As has been the case since the beginning of the modern era of societal and environmental management, knowledge of weather and climate is key to all aspects of human endeavours. It is within this framework that NMHSs in various countries have been well positioned to identify and deal with a wide range of weather, climate and water related issues that affect human life and socio-economic development. For example, with regard to natural hazards, NMHSs have been tasked to sensitize the population to their impacts, and to provide warnings of individual events, to save lives, to sustain productivity, and to reduce damage to property.

5. NMHSs constitute the single authoritative voice on weather warnings in their respective coun-tries, and in many they are also responsible for climate, air quality, seismic and tsunami warnings. To reduce and mitigate disasters requires well prepared NMHSs as well as governments and populations to take appro-priate action in response to warnings. NMHSs, within the framework of WMO, are working to help govern-ments improve decision-making to enable populations to adapt to climate change, mitigate natural hazards and sustain development. By helping governments and the people to avert potential disasters, NMHSs are a fundamental component of the crisis management infrastructure of countries in their nation-building endeavours and, indeed, a contributor to sustain-able development, particularly the poverty alleviation effort. NMHSs are working together to implement the WMO Multi-hazard Prevention Strategy, which aims to reduce by 50 per cent over the decade 2010-2019 the number of fatalities caused by meteorological-, hydro-logical- and climate-related natural disasters compared with the 10-year average fatalities of 1995-2004.6. NMHSs are continuously monitoring the envi-ronment through observations of the Earth system and predicting changes in this system. They provide governments with timely and precise warnings of most potential natural hazards and contribute essen-tial environmental information and services for urban planning, sustainable energy development, access to freshwater, and food production.7. Cooperation between various organizations is essential to provide governments with these serv-ices. Partnerships between NMHSs and academia, government departments, international and non-governmental organizations, and where appropriate and possible, the private sector, help society make better decisions based on more complete and accurate weather, water and climate information. These part-nerships provide better data coverage and information processing, higher resolution models, and more precise and useful specialized products for societal benefi ts, including opportunities to provide better support to governments and other decision makers regarding safety, economy, and security. NMHSs are encouraging these partnerships by adopting open and unrestricted data policies which make their information easy to access in real time, in useful forms, and at low cost.

Future requirements8. In the year 2000, through the internationally-agreed development goals, including those contained within the Millennium Declaration, the international

ANNEXES 85

community set forth specifi c targets to be reached by 2015. To ensure that these goals are met, it is essential that governments take advantage of the myriad advances in science and technology provided by NMHSs and their partners, that include the provision of multi-hazard warnings and related services, 24 hours a day, seven days a week for 365 days a year, which when properly applied can provide societies with the underpinning information to reduce and mitigate natural disasters. International cooperation is essential, both between countries and within the larger United Nations framework. 9. Access to good communication ensures that information is available wherever it is needed. Governments must recognize the importance of contin-uous monitoring of the environment and the ability of their NMHSs to provide timely and accurate information to support critical decisions. Governments should sustain the NMHSs and their modernization and development.

10. It is essential that societies be prepared to act appropriately in response to warnings. Education and training is paramount for improvement of prepared-ness. Early warning systems for natural hazards work only if governments and their public know how to respond. Information must be easy to understand and use.11. Climate change requires societies to under-stand and assess impacts and to develop the necessary adaptation strategies. By providing fundamental knowledge of the climate system and predictions based on climate models, NMHSs can help societies transform.12. To be completely effective, NMHSs and their international network, coordinated through the WMO, must be recognized as critical partners in socie-ties’ goal to reduce poverty and increase the prosperity of the world’s citizens.

A. OFFICERS OF THE SESSION

A. Ngari (Cook Islands) Acting presidentR. Prasad (Fiji) Vice-president

B. REPRESENTATIVES OF WMO MEMBERS

Australia G.B. Love Principal delegate G.R. Foley Alternate (part-time) V.K. Tsui Alternate (part-time) T.L. Hart Delegate J.T. Davidson Delegate M.J. Coughlan Delegate J. Church Delegate P. Dexter Delegate B.J. Stewart Delegate

Brunei M.H. Aji Principal delegateDarussalam H.Z.H. Pungut Alternate

Cook Islands A. Ngari Principal delegate

Fiji R. Prasad Principal delegate A. Waqaicelua Delegate

French Y. Grégoris Principal delegatePolynesia

Indonesia Sri W.B. Harijono Principal delegate (Ms) H. Harjanto Delegate M.A. Ratag Delegate J. Achyar Delegate E.A. Djajadiredja Delegate J. Loebis Delegate W. Hadi Delegate Sunarjo Delegate A.B. Ibrahim Delegate A. Karsidi Delegate L.K. Wardhani (Ms) Delegate M. Husni Delegate

Kiribati M. Tibiriano Delegate

Malaysia Yap Kok Seng Principal delegate

Micronesia, D. Aranug Principal delegateFederated States of

New Caledonia N. Bériot Principal delegate

New Zealand J. Lumsden Principal delegate R. Stainer Alternate J. Salinger Delegate

Niue S. Pulehetoa Principal delegate

Papua New J. Gomoga Principal delegate Guinea

Philippines P.D. Nilo Principal delegate

Samoa M.A. Titimaea Principal delegate S.S. Tuiafi so Delegate

Singapore Foong Chee Leong Principal delegate Wong Chin Ling Delegate (Ms) Tonga O. Fa’anunu Principal delegate

United Kingdom M. Gray Principal delegate of Great Britain B. Garnier-Schofi eld Alternateand (Ms)Northern Ireland

United States J. J. Kelly, Jr. Principal delegateof America J.C. Weyman Alternate R.O. Masters Delegate H. Diamond Delegate D.S. Green Delegate K. Turner (Ms) Delegate

Vanuatu D. Gibson Delegate

C. OTHER PARTICIPANTS

S. ReadyJ. Fenwick

APPENDIX A

LIST OF PERSONS ATTENDING THE SESSION

Member Name Capacity

Member Name Capacity

APPENDIX A 87

D. INVITED EXPERTS

J.A. KarhuW. Kusch

E. LECTURERSG. LoveP.D. NiloJ. McBrideM.A. RatagM.A. TitimaeaD. Wratt

F. REPRESENTATIVES OF NON-WMO MEMBERS

Marshall Islands R. White Observer

Tuvalu T. Katea Observer

Timor-Leste F.C. Da Cruz Observer T.T.T. Fernandes Moniz Observer

G. REPRESENTATIVES OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

Organization Name

International Civil Aviation D.H. IvanovOrganization (ICAO)

Secretariat of the Pacifi c Regional D. SolofaEnvironment Programme (SPREP)

Association of Hydro- R. WrightMeteorological EquipmentIndustry (HMEI)

H. WMO SECRETARIAT

M. Jarraud Secretary-General

Hong Yan Deputy Secretary-General

P. Taalas Director, Regional and Technical Cooperation Activities for Development Department

R.A. de Guzman Director, Strategic Planning Offi ce

B. Nyenzi Director, World Climate Programme Department

J. Hayes Director, World Weather Watch Department

G. Kortchev Director, Applications Programme Department

D. Schiessl Director, Cross-cutting Coordination

T. Toya Regional Director for Asia and the South-West Pacifi c, Regional and Technical Cooperation Activities for Development Department

K. Shida Programme Manager, Regional and Technical Cooperation Activities for Development Department

H.K. Taiki Programme Offi cer, Subregional Offi ce for the South-West Pacifi c, Regional and Technical Cooperation Activities for Development Department

M. Tawfi k Chief, Hydrology Division, Hydrology and Water Resources Department

C. Wang Senior External Relations Offi cer, Cabinet and External Relations Offi ce

M. Peeters Chief, Conference Services, Conferences, Printing and Distribution Department

J.-G. Park Seconded Expert, Regional and Technical Cooperation Activities for Development Department

6LTP Sixth WMO Long-term Plan

AeMP Aeronautical Meteorology ProgrammeAgMP Agricultural Meteorology ProgrammeAMDAR Aircraft Meteorological Data RelayAOPC Atmospheric Observation Panel for ClimateAPCC APEC Climate CenterAPEC Asia-Pacific Economic CooperationAPFM Associated Programme on Flood ManagementAPN Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change ResearchAREP Atmospheric Research and Environment ProgrammeASAP Automated Shipboard Aerological ProgrammeASEAN Association of South-East Asian NationsASMC ASEAN Specialized Meteorological CentreAusAID Australian Agency for International DevelopmentAWG Advisory Working GroupAWS Automatic Weather Station

BOM Australian Bureau of Meteorology

CAeM Commission for Aeronautical MeteorologyCAgM Commission for Agricultural MeteorologyCAL Computer-aided LearningCAS Commission for Atmospheric SciencesCBD Convention on Biological DiversityCBS Commission for Basic SystemsCCl Commission for ClimatologyCHy Commission for HydrologyCIMO Commission for Instruments and Methods of ObservationCLIPS Climate Information and Prediction ServicesCLIVAR Climate Variability and PredictabilityCOMET Cooperative Program for Operational Meteorology, Education and TrainingCOP Conference of the PartiesCOPES Coordinated Observation and Prediction of the Earth SystemCPC Climate Prediction Center (NOAA)

DCPC Data Collection or Production CentreDPFS Data-processing and Forecasting SystemDPM Natural Disaster Prevention and MitigationDWD Deutscher Wetterdienst

EC Executive CouncilECMWF European Centre for Medium-Range Weather ForecastsEMEP Cooperative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-range Transmission of Air Pollutants in EuropeEMWIN Emergency Managers Weather Information NetworkENSO El Niño/Southern OscillationEPS Ensemble Prediction SystemERA Emergency Response ActivitiesESCAP Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the PacificETRP Education and Training ProgrammeEUMETNET European Meteorological Services NetworkEUMETSAT European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological SatellitesEUMETCAL European Meteorological Computer Assisted Learning (programme)

APPENDIX B

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

APPENDIX B 89

FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

GAW Global Atmosphere WatchGAWSIS GAW Station Information SystemGAWTEC GAW Training and Education CentreGCOS Global Climate Observing SystemGDPFS Global Data-processing and Forecasting SystemGDSIDB Global Digital Sea Ice Data BankGEO Group on Earth ObservationsGEOSS Global Earth Observation System of SystemsGEWEX Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (within WCRP)GIS Geographical Information SystemGISC Global Information System CentreGLOSS Global Sea-level Observing SystemGMDSS Global Maritime Distress and Safety SystemGOES Geostationary Operational Environmental SatelliteGOOS Global Ocean Observing SystemGOS Global Observing SystemGPC Global Producing CentreGSN GCOS Surface NetworkGTS Global Telecommunication SystemGTSPP Global Temperature-Salinity Profile ProgramGUAN GCOS Upper-Air Network

HF High FrequencyHOMS Hydrological Operational Multipurpose SystemhPa HectopascalHRM HOMS Reference ManualHWRP Hydrology and Water Resources ProgrammeHYCOS Hydrological Cycle Observing System

ICAO International Civil Aviation OrganizationICG Intercommission Coordination GroupICG/PTWS Intergovernmental Coordination Group for the Pacific Tsunami Warning SystemICSC CAS International Core Steering CommitteeICU Island Climate UpdateIDNDR International Decade for Natural Disaster ReductionIFM Integrated Flood ManagementIGBP International Geosphere-Biosphere ProgrammeIGOS Integrated Global Observing StrategyIGRAC International Groundwater Resources Assessment CentreIMOP Instruments and Methods of Observation ProgrammeIOC Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (UNESCO)IOC-WESTPAC IOC Sub-Commission for the Western PacificIOS Integrated Observing SystemsIPA Information and Public Affairs (WMO)IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeIPO International Programme Office (THORPEX)IRI International Research Institute for Climate and SocietyISCS International Satellite Communication SystemISDR International Strategy for Disaster ReductionISS Information Systems and ServicesITU International Telecommunication UnionIWET International Workshop on Extra-tropical TransitionIWM International Workshop on MonsoonsIWRM Integrated Water Resources ManagementIWTC International Workshop on Tropical Cyclones

JCOMM Joint WMO/IOC Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine MeteorologyJMA Japan Meteorological Agency


LDC Least Developed CountryLRF Long-range ForecastsLRIT Low-rate Information TransmissionLTP Long-term Plan

MMOP Marine Meteorology and Oceanography ProgrammeMOU Memorandum of UnderstandingMPERSS Marine Pollution Emergency Response Support SystemMTN Main Telecommunication Network

NCDC National Climatic Data Center (United States)NCEP National Centers for Environmental PredictionNHS National Hydrological ServiceNIWA National Institute of Water and Atmospheric ResearchNMC National Meteorological CentreNMHS National Meteorological and Hydrological ServiceNMS National Meteorological or Hydrometeorological ServiceNOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationNWP Numerical Weather PredictionNZAid New Zealand Agency for International Development

OIS Operational Information ServiceOPACHE Open Panels of CHy ExpertsOPAG Open Programme Area Group

PAGASA Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services AdministrationPEAC Pacific ENSO Applications CenterPI-CPP Pacific Islands Climate Prediction ProjectPI-GCOS Pacific Islands GCOSPI-GOOS Pacific Islands GOOSPWS Public Weather ServicesPWSP Public Weather Services Programme

QMF Quality Management Framework

R&D Research and DevelopmentRA Regional AssociationRANET Radio and InternetRBCN Regional Basic Climatological NetworkRBSN Regional Basic Synoptic NetworkRCC Regional Climate CentreRCD Regional and Technical Cooperation Activities for Development DepartmentRIC Regional Instrument CentreRMTC Regional Meteorological Training CentreRMTN Regional Meteorological Telecommunication NetworkRSMC Regional Specialized Meteorological CentreRTH Regional Telecommunication Hub

SBSTA Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological AdviceSCHOTI Standing Conference of the Heads of Training Institutions of National Meteorological ServicesSDSIDS Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing StatesSEACAMP South-East Asian Centre for Atmospheric and Marine PredictionSIDS Small Island Developing StatesSMM Special MTN MonitoringSOPAC South Pacific Applied Geoscience CommissionSOOP Ship-of-Opportunity ProgrammeSPARC Stratospheric Processes and their Role in ClimateSPREP Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment ProgrammeSWIC Severe Weather Information Centre

APPENDIX B 91

TAC Traditional Alphanumeric CodesTCC Tropical Cyclone CommitteeTCDC Technical Cooperation among Developing CountriesTCOP Technical Cooperation ProgrammeTCP Tropical Cyclone ProgrammeTCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet ProtocolTDCF Table-driven Code FormsTHORPEX Observing System Research and Predictability ExperimentTMRP Tropical Meteorology Research Programme

UNCCD United Nations Convention to Combat DesertificationUNDP United Nations Development ProgrammeUNEP United Nations Environment ProgrammeUNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural OrganizationUNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate ChangeUSAid United States Agency for International DevelopmentUTC Universal Time CoordinatedUV Ultraviolet

VCP Voluntary Cooperation ProgrammeVOS Voluntary Observing ShipVPN Virtual Private NetworkVSAT Very Small Aperture Terminal

WAFC World Area Forecast CentreWAFS World Area Forecast SystemWCASP World Climate Applications and Services ProgrammeWCDMP World Climate Data and Monitoring ProgrammeWCDR World Conference on Disaster ReductionWCIRP World Climate Impact Assessment and Response Strategies ProgrammeWCP World Climate ProgrammeWCRP World Climate Research ProgrammeWDC World Data CentreWEFAX Weather FacsimileWG Working GroupWGH Working Group on HydrologyWG-PIW Working Group on Planning and Implementation of the WWWWHYCOS World Hydrological Cycle Observing SystemWIS WMO Information SystemWMC World Meteorological CentreWMO World Meteorological OrganizationWRC World Radiocommunication ConferenceWSSD World Summit on Sustainable DevelopmentWWIS World Weather Information ServiceWWRP World Weather Research ProgrammeWWW World Weather Watch

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