Reflections on the Reflections on the History of History of Reproductive Reproductive Physiology Research Physiology Research in Dairy Cattle in Dairy Cattle Robert H. Foote Robert H. Foote Cornell University, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY Ithaca, NY
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Reflections on the History of Reproductive Physiology Research in Dairy Cattle Robert H. Foote Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.
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Reflections on the History Reflections on the History of Reproductive of Reproductive
Physiology Research in Physiology Research in Dairy CattleDairy Cattle
Robert H. FooteRobert H. Foote
Cornell University, Ithaca, NYCornell University, Ithaca, NY
Early History: the FoundationEarly History: the Foundation
De Graaf: testis structure, De Graaf: testis structure, 1668; Graafian follicle, 1672.1668; Graafian follicle, 1672.
van Leeuwenhoek: sperm cells, van Leeuwenhoek: sperm cells, 1678.1678.
Spallanzani: A.I. in dogs, 1784.Spallanzani: A.I. in dogs, 1784. von Baer: mammalian ovum, von Baer: mammalian ovum,
Sertoli: Sertoli cells, 1865.Sertoli: Sertoli cells, 1865. von Ebner: stages of spermato-von Ebner: stages of spermato-
genesis, 1871.genesis, 1871. Heape: embryo transfer, 1891.Heape: embryo transfer, 1891. Starling: proposed the term Starling: proposed the term
hormone, 1905.hormone, 1905.
A.I. Was Practiced 100 Years AgoA.I. Was Practiced 100 Years Ago
A.I. was initiated in A.I. was initiated in Russia by I.V. Russia by I.V. Ivanov. (Horse Ivanov. (Horse program by 1900.)program by 1900.)
I.V. Ivanov
In Japan by H. In Japan by H. Ishikawa and Later Ishikawa and Later by Y. Nishikawa.by Y. Nishikawa.
Y. Nishikawa
A.I. Moved into Western Europe A.I. Moved into Western Europe in the 1930sin the 1930s
Nils Lageröf in Nils Lageröf in Sweden.Sweden.
TelesforoTelesforo Bonadonna in Bonadonna in Italy.Italy.
John Hammond
John Hammond and Arthur Walton in the U.K.
The Danes Developed A.I. The Danes Developed A.I. Commercially in CattleCommercially in Cattle
Eduard SEduard Sørensen developed the ørensen developed the straw, 1940.straw, 1940.
Rectovaginal Technique of A.I. Requiring
Fewer Sperm Developed by the Danes.
A.I. Moved to the U.S. in theA.I. Moved to the U.S. in theLate 1930sLate 1930s
Brownell et al.
Rupert Amann, Enos Perry, John Almquist,
Glenn Salisbury
Also, a Generation of Reproductive Also, a Generation of Reproductive Physiologists Was Being TrainedPhysiologists Was Being Trained
In Fred McKenzie’s lab In Fred McKenzie’s lab were Ralph Phillips, Fred were Ralph Phillips, Fred Andrews, J.F. Lasley, H. Andrews, J.F. Lasley, H. Herman and L.E. Casida.Herman and L.E. Casida.
Fred McKenzie
Harry Herman
Les Casida
A New Generation (cont.)A New Generation (cont.)
H.H. Cole, of Cole H.H. Cole, of Cole and Cupps, and Cupps, “Reproduction in “Reproduction in Domestic Domestic Animals,” PMSG Animals,” PMSG (eCG) and lst (eCG) and lst editor of Biology editor of Biology of Reproductionof Reproduction
Sydney Asdell, Author of “Patterns Sydney Asdell, Author of “Patterns of Mammalian Reproduction.”of Mammalian Reproduction.”
George Trimberger Developed the AM-George Trimberger Developed the AM-PM Rule for AI in 1943PM Rule for AI in 1943
How to Detect the OnsetHow to Detect the Onsetof Estrus?of Estrus?
Visual versus multiple aids, such as Visual versus multiple aids, such as pedometers, KaMars, electronic probes pedometers, KaMars, electronic probes and counters.and counters.
There was no method of regulating the There was no method of regulating the estrous cycle.estrous cycle.
Deviated Penis Bull
Heifer Marked with a Chin Ball
Intensive Research in EndocrinologyIntensive Research in Endocrinology
Two gonadotropins Two gonadotropins (FSH and LH) were (FSH and LH) were reported in 1931 by reported in 1931 by Sam Leonard et al.Sam Leonard et al.
Hampered by lack of specific and Hampered by lack of specific and sensitive assays for hormones.sensitive assays for hormones.
Managing physiology, nutrition and Managing physiology, nutrition and genetics.genetics.
What is best for the producer?What is best for the producer? What is best for the cow?What is best for the cow? What will society require?What will society require? Regulations?Regulations?