Reff Handbook Driving North Carolina

State of North Carolina

Office of the Governor

Dear Motorist:North Carolina's driver license program is

designed to protect motorists and pedestrians. Itsgoals are to prevent traffic accidents and toreduce the number of injuries and property loss.

What you learn from this handbook is necessary for safe driving. How well you remem-ber what you learn and how well you put it intodaily practice will enable you to remain a safedriver.

Please remember, the privilege to drivemust be earned. It is a privilege that comes witha great deal of responsibility. We urge you toalways obey our laws and observe the rules ofsafe driving. Your life and the lives of othersdepend on you.

Sincerely,

James B. Hunt, Jr.Governor

Chapter 5 Your Driving 1

David McCoyTransportation Secretary

2 Chapter 5 Your Driving Chapter 5 Your Driving 3

State of North CarolinaDepartment of Transportation

Division of Motor Vehicles

Dear Fellow Motorist:Safe and responsible driving continues to be

vital to the millions of motorists traveling our highways each year. When given the privilege of driving in this state, you must be prepared. Youmust be prepared to accept responsibility foryour life and the lives of others.

Close to 200,000 crashes occur on NorthCarolinas highways each year. These crashesresult in almost 1,500 deaths. We continue toimprove in this area, but we must do more. Wemust do more to protect ourselves and our families.

This driver handbook suggests many safeand defensive driving techniques while alsopointing out important motor vehicle laws. Whatyou learn from this handbook is necessary for thesafety of all drivers.

While this handbook contains informationyou need to prepare for the driver license exami-nation, it may not answer all of your questions.Please contact your nearest driver license office ifyou need more assistance. You can also find onthe web at www.dmv.dot.state.nc.us.

When you drive safely and obey the rules ofthe road, you can enjoy a lifetime of pleasant andconvenient travel on North Carolina's highways.

Sincerely,

Janice H. FaulknerCommissioner of Motor Vehicles

DMVdirectAccessautomated information by telephone

DMV directAccess is a convenient way toobtain information about driver licenses andvehicle registration from the North CarolinaDepartment of Transportation (NCDOT)Division of Motor Vehicles (DMV). Dial (919)715 - 7000 from a touch-tone telephone, andaccess information 24 hours a day, seven days aweek.

DMV directAccess gives you the facts about: driver licenses, learner permits, motor-

cycle license endorsements, commercial d r i v e rlicenses (CDLs) and special identification cards;

personalized information you shouldknow about points against your driver license,your driving record and the status of your driverlicense;

medical and vision forms, exam cycles,records and hearings;

vehicle registration, duplicate titles, lostor stolen license plates, personalized and vanitylicense plates and handicapped placards;

liability insurance and more.

DMV directAccess also includes informa-tion about driver license and vehicle registrationtaxes and fees. By entering your zip code, thesystem can give you the location of a driverlicense or vehicle registration office in your area.

(919) 715-7000

Other DMV Telephone Listings:

Traffic Records Section . . . . . . .(919) 861-3062

Customer Service/Citizen Affairs Section . . . . . . . .(919) 861-3059

Enforcement Section . . . . . . . . . .(919) 861-3185

International Registration Plan(IRP) Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(919) 733-3643

School Bus andTraffic Safety Section . . . . . . . . .(919) 861-3104

4 5

DMV On The Web

www.dmv.dot.state.nc.usThe NCDMV web site focuses on providing

North Carolinas motoring public with timelyand accurate information regarding NCDMVservices and issues. The site answers all of yourmost frequently asked questions and includesup-to-date directories of all DMV officesstatewide. A simple click of your mouse allowsyou to e-mail us directly from the site. Youllalso find news about hot topics and new legisla-tion affecting North Carolinas motoring public.Several publications and forms are also availableon-line. Check it out!

Transportation Alternatives

For many North Carolinians, operating a vehicle may be too costly, inconvenient or danger-ous. The North Carolina Department ofTransportation wants you to know there aremany transportation alternatives to driving. Inour society, we often overlook our options towalk, ride a bicycle, carpool and use public trans-portation.

Public transportation could be your bestalternative to driving. Some form of public trans-portation is available in most areas of the state. Inthe larger, metropolitan areas there are bus sys-tems that operate on regular routes. Smaller,rural areas may provide coordinated van servicesfor citizens. In either case, public transportationis available and equipped to accommodate dis-abled persons.

To learn more about public transportationoptions in your area, call:

North CarolinaDepartment of TransportationPublic Transportation Division

(919) 733-4713

6 Table of Contents Table of Contents 7

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Your License . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Getting Your Original License . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Types of Licenses, Permits and Certifications . . 10

Classified Licenses, Commercial Licenses, Endorsements,Graduated Licensing, The Provisional Licensee,Restrictions, Requirements

New Residents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19Nonresidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19North Carolinas New Driver License andIdentification Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20Renewal and Duplicate Licenses . . . . . . . . . . . 20DMV Requires a Full Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22Identification Cards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Voter Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Organ Donor Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Schedule of Fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Chapter 2 Alcohol And The Law . . . . . 24

Driving While Impaired . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Alcohol and the Young Driver . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Chapter 3 Your Driving Privilege . . . . 28

Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Suspensions and Revocations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Driver License Restoration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Chapter 4 Your Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Driver Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Protecting Yourself and Your Passengers . . . . 36General Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Basic Driving Skills and Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44Defensive Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Hazardous Driving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Emergencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72Crashes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

Chapter 5 Signals, Signs and Pavement Markings . . 79

Traffic Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Traffic Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Regulatory, Warning and Guide/Informational Pavement Markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85Traffic Officers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

Chapter 6 Sharing The Road . . . . . . . . 89

Bicycles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89You as a Pedestrian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Trucks and Other Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Motorcycles and Mopeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93Fuel Economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96Keeping the Road LitterFree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Chapter 7 How DMV Serves You . . . . 98

DMV Mobile Service Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98Driver Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98Vehicle Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99Property Tax Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102Vehicle Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103Operation Rest Assured . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105Sample Test Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106Sample Test Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108

8 Chapter 1 Your License Chapter 1 Your License 9

Chapter 1

Your LicenseDriving is a legal privilege and responsibili-

ty. It is against the law to drive a motor vehicleon streets and highways without a valid driverlicense. It is also illegal to sit in the driver's seatof a motor vehicle while the engine is running orto steer a motor vehicle while it is being pushedor towed by another vehicle if you do not have avalid driver license.

Getting Your Original LicenseDriver license examiners throughout the

state are trained to test fairly and to give promptand courteous service. If you fail any part of theexamination, they will personally review yourerrors to better prepare you for retesting.

Examining stations are open from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. In larger cities and towns the stations areopen Monday through Friday. Stations in smallertowns may only be open for certain days eachweek or one day every two weeks. Appoint-ments for driver license examinations are avail-able. Contact your local driver license office.

Each driver license test must be passed sep-arately. Applicants for a Classified Class A or Blicense should study the General KnowledgeChapter of the CDL Handbook. Applicants for aCDL Class A, B or C license should study therequired chapters of the CDL Handbook.Applicants for a Motorcycle Endorsement orMotorcycle Learner Permit should study theMotorcycle Handbook. (See pages 10 - 12 for a com-plete description of all driver licenses.)

Test Requirements for an Original Driver License

Vision

Whether you are applying for a learner permit, an original license or a renewal license,your vision will be checked to see that you meetcertain standards. If you need corrective lenses tobring your vision up to the required standards,you must wear the lenses at all times while dri-ving and your license will indicate that you mustwear corrective lenses. The penalty for drivingwithout the proper corrective lenses is the sameas driving without a license.

Traffic Signs

All of the information tested by the trafficsigns test is in this handbook. To pass the signstest, you must identify the traffic signs by colorand shape and explain what each means.

Driving Knowledge

The written test is a knowledge test about traffic laws and safe driving practices. Oral testsare available, upon request, for those who have difficulty reading.

Driving Skills

The driving test is an on-the-road test of yourdriving ability. You must perform this test afteryou have passed all the other tests. The first timeyou apply for a license, you must take the dri-ving test. You might also have to take it to renewyour license. It is not required for a learner permit.

During the on-the-road test, you will begiven an opportunity to perform basic drivingpatterns and to show your ability to drive safelywith traffic.

Skills observed and graded during the on-the-road driving test:

n approaches to intersections, stop signs andtraffic signals;

n quick stops stopping as quickly and safe-ly as possible when told to do so;

n backing;n stopping, starting, and parking;

n vision

n driving knowledge

n traffic signsn driving skill

(on-road test)

For an original driver license of any type,you will be tested on:


n use of the clutch (in vehicleswith standard transmissions);

n shifting to a lower gear on adowngrade;

n turn signals and use of thehorn;

n turning;n use of lanes;n following another vehicle; n passing and being passed;n yielding right-of-way to

pedestrians and other vehicles;n driving posture; andn three point turn turnabout.

All applicants for an originaldriver license must take the on-the-road driving test. However, thereare some cases when the on-the-road test may not be given.

Types of Licenses,Permits andCertifications

North Carolina has a classifieddriver license system and a commercial driverlicense (CDL). The type of vehicle you will oper-ate determines the class of driver license youmust have and the type vehicle in which youmust take the driving skills test. The drivingskills test must be performed in a vehicle repre-sentative of the class license desired.

Classified Licenses

Class A Required to operate any combinationof vehicles exempt from CDL requirements witha gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of 26,001pounds or more, provided the GVWR of the vehicle(s) being towed is greater than 10,000pounds. Also required for operating any combi-nation of vehicles with a GVWR of less than26,001 pounds, if the vehicle being towed has aGVWR of more than 10,000 pounds.

Class B Required to operate any single vehiclewith a GVWR of 26,001 pounds or more that isexempt from CDL requirements, and any such vehicle while towing another vehicle with aGVWR of 10,000 pounds or less.Class C Required to operate any vehicle with aGVWR of less than 26,001 pounds that is exemptfrom CDL requirements and is not towing avehicle with a GVWR of more than 10,000pounds. Most drivers need only a Classified Clicense to operate personal automobiles andsmall trucks.

Commercial Licenses (CDLs)

A CDL is required for drivers, paid or volunteer, whodrive the following types of vehicles that are designedor used to transport passengers or property:

Class A Motor Vehicle A vehicle that has acombined GVWR of at least 26,001 pounds andincludes as part of the combination a towed unitthat has a GVWR of at least 10,001 pounds.

Class B Motor Vehicle n A single motor vehicle that has a GVWR of

at least 26,001 pounds.n A combination of motor vehicles that

includes as part of the combination a towingunit that has a GVWR of at least 26,001pounds and a towed unit that has a GVWRof less than 10,001 pounds.

Class C Motor Vehicle A single or combina-tion of motor vehicles not included in Class A orB but meets any of the following descriptions:

n is designed to transport 16 or more passen-gers, including the driver.

n is transporting hazardous materials and isrequired to be placarded.

You do not need a CDL to drive recreationalvehicles, military equipment, fire and/or emer-gency equipment or certain farm vehicles.However, a classified license of the appropriateclass is always required.

A special CDL endorsement is required tohaul hazardous materials, transport passengers,pull double trailers or drive tank vehicles.Additional information about the CDL is in theNorth Carolina Commercial Driver LicenseHandbook.

Tip Three Point

Turn

(1) Start from theextreme right sideof the road. Lookfor other trafficand if clear, pro-ceed forward slow-ly while turningthe steering wheelto the left. Stopwithin severalinches of the leftcurb or edge of thestreet.

(2) Then proceedbackward slowlywhile turning thesteering wheel tothe right. Stopwithin severalinches of the rightcurb or edge of thestreet.

(3) Proceed for-ward slowly whileturning the steer-ing wheel to theleft. This shouldcomplete yourturnabout. If not,repeat the aboveprocedures.


Endorsements

Motorcycle

A person must have at least a Level III ClassC license with a motorcycle endorsement or amotorcycle learner permit before he/she is enti-tled to operate a motorcycle on public roads.

School Bus/School Activity Bus

A person must have a Class B or C CDL withan S Restriction or a Class A, B or C CDL with aP Endorsement and a school bus drivers certifi-cate to operate a school bus or school activity bus.To obtain the school bus certificate, a person mustbe specially trained and pass an examinationdemonstrating the fitness and competency requiredto operate the bus. Training and certification areprovided by driver education specialists designatedby the DMV.

Graduated Licensing

Limited Learner Permit

If you are at least 15 years of age and have com-pleted an approved driver education course thatmeets North Carolina requirements and can presenta Driving Eligibility Certificate (issued by the publicschool system), a high school diploma or its equiva-lent, you may apply for a Level One Limited LearnerPermit to operate vehicles requiring a Class CLicense.

n You must be at least 15 years old but less than18 years old and reside in North Carolina.

n You must pass written, signs and vision tests.

n All passengers must be restrained by seat-belt or child safety seat.

n No one except the driver and the supervis-ing driver are allowed in the front seat.

n During the first six months, a Level Onepermit authorizes you to drive between thehours of 5 a.m. and 9 p.m. while accompa-nied by your supervising driver.

n Six months from Level One issuance, youare eligible to drive anytime with yoursupervising driver.

NOTE: Before graduating to Level Two, you must keepthis permit for at least 12 months and have no convic-tions of moving violations or seat belt infractionswithin the preceding six months.

Level Two Limited Provisional License

n Drivers must be at least 16 years old, butless than 18.

n All passengers must be restrained by seatbelt or child safety seat.

n Supervising driver must be seated besidethe driver.

n You may drive without supervision from 5a.m. until 9 p.m. and at any time when drivingdirectly to or from work or any volunteer fire,rescue or EMS (emergency medical service), ifyou are a member.

NOTE: Before graduating to Level Three, you must keepthis license for at least 6 months and have no convic-tions of moving violations or seat belt infractionswithin the preceding six months.

Level Three Full Provisional License

n Upon completion of six months of drivingwith no convictions of moving violations orseat belt infractions, you are eligible toreceive a Level Three License.

New Residents Between The Ages of15 and 18 Years

If you are a new resident moving intoNorth Carolina and are 15 but less than 18 yearsold and have a learners permit, a restrictedlicense or an unrestricted license, you shouldcontact your local driver license office to deter-mine which type of license or learners permityou are eligible to apply for.

The Provisional LicenseeDrivers under age 18 are provisional

licensees. Because these drivers have a muchhigher crash rate, special laws apply to them. Ifyou are a driver under age 18:

n You must present a certificate showingyou have passed an approved driver edu-cation course that meets North Carolinarequirements before you can take the testfor a Learner Permit or License.


n The DMV reviews your driving recordmore closely and may contact you if youhave certain types of traffic violations orcrashes.

n It is unlawful for a provisional licensee todrive a motor vehicle after or while con-suming alcohol or drugs - a conviction ofsuch a violation will result in a one-yearlicense revocation.

n A parent or legal guardian must sign for aminor.

RestrictionsFor safety reasons, a driver license may be

limited or restricted in some way. For example, adriver may only be permitted to operate a vehi-cle while using corrective lenses or mechanicalcontrol devices. If your license is restricted, youmust only drive within the limits of the restric-tion; otherwise you are considered to be drivingwithout a license.

A disabled person who passes the licenseexamination may be issued a driver license restricted to using equipment necessary to safelyoperate the motor vehicle.

If you are issued a restricted license, youcan be called in for a reexamination before theexpiration date of the license.

Thinking Of Dropping Out?Beginning August 1, 1998, driver license

applicants less than 18 years old must have adriving eligibility certificate, high school diplo-ma or its equivalent to be eligible for a NorthCarolina driving permit or license. The drivingeligibility certificate must be signed by the appli-cants school administrator who certifies that theapplicant is currently enrolled in school or thatsubstantial hardship would be placed on theapplicant or the applicants family if he or shedoes not receive a driver license.

DMV must revoke the drivers license ofany person under age 18 when it receives noticefrom the proper school authority that the personis no longer eligible for a driving eligibility certifi-cate. This revocation remains in effect until the

persons 18th birthday or until the required stan-dards are met and a driving eligibility certificate(DEC) is obtained.

Lose Control / Lose Your License

Effective July 1, 2000, a loss of license willoccur if a student receives a suspension for morethan 10 consecutive days or receives an assign-ment to an alternative educational setting due todisciplinary action for more than 10 consecutivedays.

Requirements

Health Requirements

Individuals may not be licensed if they suf-fer from a mental or physical problem that mightkeep them from driving safely. A handicappedperson may be issued a restricted license provid-ed the problem does not keep him/her from dri-ving safely.

Proof of Age and Identity

Individuals who are 18 years of age or oldercan apply for any type of North Carolina driverlicense and/or motorcycle endorsement. Theremay be additional requirements for individualsapplying for a CDL. Please refer to the CDLHandbook.

The DMV requires proof of your full name,age and your social security number (SSN) toprotect you from driver license fraud. In order toprove your age, please present a valid or expiredphoto driver license or special identification cardissued by the NCDOT Division of MotorVehicles or a photo driver license or ID cardissued by another U.S. state or territory, theCommonwealth of Puerto Rico, Canadianprovince, or a Licencia Federal de Conductor"issued by the Mexican government.

If you do not have any of these, you may present two documents, one of which must showthe date of birth. These two documents shouldcome from the following categories:

It is NOT acceptable for the two forms ofidentification to come from the same cate-gory. For instance, a report card and schooltranscript would not qualify as two formsof identification.


n Cedula (with photo).

n Court order or divorce decree (any state).

When you successfully receive a NorthCarolina driver license, you will have to turn inany driver license you have issued by anotherstate. You will also be required to turn in anyvalid North Carolina identification cards in yourpossession.

For an applicant under 18 years of age, theapplication for a learner permit or driver licensemust be signed by a parent or legal guardian.

Social Security Number Requirement

If you have a social security number, motorvehicle statutes require you to provide it to DMVwhen applying for or renewing your driverlicense. By law, the DMV is not allowed to dis-close a social security number for any purposeother than administering driver licensing laws.The social security number on a driver licenseapplication will be kept confidential and will notbe printed on your driver license. It will only bedisclosed to the State Child Support EnforcementAgency upon its request for the purpose of estab-lishing paternity or child support.

The following are acceptable documents forproving SSN:

n Social Security Card (but not the metal orplastic card or other reproductions);

n A computer generated W-2 tax form orother computer-generated document fromthe IRS or a state or county revenue depart-ment;

n Payroll stub;

n Financial statement (bank statement, insur-ance company statement, brokerage firmstatement, etc.) containing the SSN;

n Government issued documents such as U.S.military ID, which shows the SSN; and

n Letter from the Social SecurityAdministration or computer print-out fromthe Social Security Administration.

n Certified or original birth certificate.n Social Security card or other document with

the Social Security number and your name;Computer generated tax document or pay-roll stub; Financial statement from a bank,insurance company, brokerage firm, etc.;Government issued documents such as aU.S. military ID card; Letter or computerprint-out from the Social SecurityAdministration.

n Official school records signed by school officials, including report cards, driver education certificates, diplomas, driving eligi-bility certificates, or transcripts.

n Military service discharge (DD-214 orCartilla Nacional) or photo ID.

n Unexpired, stamped photo passport fromany nation.

n Tax records (except forms completed byindividuals), W-2 forms, 1099 forms, proper-ty tax records, or quarterly tax payrollrecords.

n Certified marriage license or certificate ofmarriage issued by a government agency.

n Limited driving privilege (valid or expired).n Unexpired vehicle registration or certificate

of title.n Authentic document from Immigration

and Naturalization Service (INS), alien reg-istration receipt card, resident alien card,employment authorization card, tempo-rary resident card, certification of U.S. citi-zenship (with photo), Certificate ofNaturalization (with photo), OMB 3116-0008 Certificate of Eligibility for Exchangevisitors, OMB 1115-0051 Certificate ofEligibility for Nonimmigrant, I-797 Noticeof Action, or I-797C Notice of Action.

n Servicio Militar Nacional or military ID cardissued by the National Secretary of Defenseof Mexico.

n Matricula Consular or Matricula issued bythe Secretary of the Exterior of Mexico.

n Credencial Para Votar or voter ID cardissued by the Instituto Federal Electoral ofMexico.


Financial Responsibility

The N.C. General Assembly has enactedlegislation to require some (but not all) driverlicense applicants in North Carolina to submitproof of automobile liability insurance coveragein order to obtain a North Carolina driver's license.

Proof of liability insurance coverage applies tothose:

n applying for an original license, includingtransfers from outofstate;

n whose licenses are being restored after revo-cation or suspension; or

n awarded a Limited Privilege" license bythe court.

Certification of liability insurance coveragemust be submitted on DMV Form DL-123, or anoriginal liability insurance policy, binder or certificate of insurance.These documents must show:

n applicants name;n effective date of policy;n expiration date; andn date the policy was issued

Form DL-123, binders and certificates arevalid only for 30 days from the date of issuanceand must be from an insurance companylicensed to do business in North Carolina.

Individuals covered by the required liabilityinsurance law, but who do not own or operate acurrently registered motor vehicle will berequired to sign a certification of exemption atthe driver license office (DL-123A). The exemp-tion restricts the driver to the operation of FleetVehicles Only". To remove the restriction the dri-ver must pay a $10.00 fee and submit DMV FormDL-123.

If you must show proof of financial responsibility, and to avoid inconve-

niences at the driver license office, obtain Form DL-123 in advance of your visit

from your insurance agent or the driver license office.

New Residents

A new resident has 60 days after establish-ing residence to obtain a North Carolina licenseor learner permit.

n You must be at least 15 years of age, and ifunder age 18 must have completed anapproved driver education course.

n Drivers ages 16 or 17 who are new residentsof North Carolina and hold a valid unre-stricted driver license from a state that doesnot require driver education may be issueda temporary driver permit. This permit willallow them to drive for the purpose of tak-ing the driver education course required fordriver licensing in North Carolina.

A new resident, 18 years or older, applyingfor a Class C license is required to take the:

n written test;n vision test;n traffic signs recognition test; andn driving skills test (if the examiner deems

necessary).

NonresidentsA nonresident of North Carolina is Any

person whose legal residence is in a state, territo-ry, or jurisdiction other than North Carolina or ina foreign country."

Examples of nonresidents:

n Salesmen whose homes are in other stateswho travel through North Carolina

n Out-of-state college students who intendto return to their home states upon com-pletion of their educations in NorthCarolina.

n Members of the armed forces stationed inNorth Carolina who intend to return totheir home states.

n Spouses of nonresident members of thearmed forces stationed in North Carolina.


A person whose permanent home is outsideNorth Carolina who is here temporarily isexempt from these requirements.

North Carolinas New DriverLicense and Identification Card

In the Fall of 1996, NCDMV began issuing anewly designed driver license and identificationcard. Until the year 2005, you will continue tosee the old-style license and identification carduntil they reach their normal expiration dates.

This new driver license/identification cardrepresents a complete overhaul of the currentdriver licensing system, with major emphasis ondocument security.

A process called digital imaging is used toobtain and store customer portraits and signa-tures. Along with digital-imaging, the new dri-ver license is equipped with a bar code systemthat houses each customers personal data andcan only be accessed by NCDMV and lawenforcement agencies.

Renewal and DuplicateLicenses

Renewal

As of January 1, 1995, driver license renewaldates will vary by age due to a new five-yearlicense renewal program (see page 21).

Before your license expires, the DMV willmail you a reminder card explaining the number ofyears it will be valid. If you do not have your cur-rent or expired license at renewal, you will berequired to show the examiner two documents ofidentification as outlined on page 15.

The vision and traffic sign recognition testsare always required for a license renewal.Note: You may renew your license by mail if you are tem-porarily residing outside North Carolina for 30 or more daysor if you are serving in the armed forces on active duty andare stationed outside the state. The license issued will betemporary and will expire five years from renewal on yourbirthday or 60 days after you return to North Carolina,whichever date occurs first.

Duplicate

If your license is lost or stolen, go to thenearest driver licenseoffice and apply for aduplicate. To replace alost or stolen license, youmust show the examinertwo documents of iden-tification approved bythe DMV (see page 15).

Address Changes

A person whose addresschanges from theaddress stated on a dri-ver license must notifythe Division of thechange within 60 daysafter the change occursand obtain a duplicatelicense. A person whodoes not move, butwhose address changesdue to a governmentalaction, may not becharged with violatingthis law.

Name Changes

A person whose namechanges from the namestated on a driver licensemust notify the Divisionof the change within 60days after the changeoccurs and obtain aduplicate driver licensestating the new name.Name changes can be

completed with documented proof from:n the register of deeds;n other court documents; orn two forms of identification approved by

the DMV which show the new name (seepage 15 - 16).

Phase-in of5-year License

Effective January 1, 1995Age at Years Age at

NextRenewal Renewed Renewal

16 4 2017 3 2018 7 2519 6 2520 5 2521 4 2522 8 3023 7 3024 6 3025 5 3026 4 3027 8 3528 7 3529 6 3530 5 3531 4 3532 8 4033 7 4034 6 4035 5 4036 4 4037 8 4538 7 4539 6 4540 5 4541 4 4542 8 5043 7 5044 6 5045 5 5046 4 5047 8 5548 7 5549 6 5550 5 5551 4 5552 8 6053 7 6054 6 6055 5 6056 4 6057 8 6558 7 6559 6 6560 5 6561 4 65

62 & Over 5 Year Renewal Only


DMV Requires a Full Name

In an effort to prevent theft of identity anderror in motor vehicle records, the Division ofMotor Vehicles now requires the use of the fullname for driver license and vehicle registrationtransactions. The Division no longer accepts theuse of nicknames or initials for its records. If youhave used nicknames, initials or an incompletename in the past, please be prepared to updateyour record on your next visit to a driver licenseor vehicle registration office. Furthermore, pleasebring the appropriate documents to show yourfull name. (See page 15 - 16.)

Identification Cards

Any resident of North Carolina can beissued a special identification card, provided heor she does not have a valid driver license. Thesame proofs of age and identity are required asfor a driver license. The identification card isvalid for five years and expires on the date ofbirth.

Voter Registration

You may register to vote or make changes toyour current voter registration while applying fora N.C. driver license or special identification card.

Organ Donor Program

If you wish to be an organ donor, you mayindicate your decision on the front of your driverlicense. It is highly recommended that you dis-cuss your wishes with your family and makesure that they are aware of your decision.

Original License, Renewal, Reissuance

Application Fee N/A $20.00Class A $3.75/yr.* $10.00/yr.*Class B $3.75/yr.* $10.00/yr.*Class C $2.50/yr.* $10.00/yr.*

Motorcycle Endorsement $1.25/yr.* $1.25/yr.*(with regular issuance)

CDL Endorsements N/A $1.25/yr.*

Duplicate License $10.00 $10.00

Permits and Other FeesLearners Permit $10.00 $10.00Motorcycle Learner Permit $10.00 $10.00Duplicate $10.00 $10.00Special Identification Card $10.00Restoration Fee $25.00Driving Clinic Fee $25.00Service Fee $50.00DWI Restoration Fee $50.00

Graduated LicensingLimited Learners Permit (Level 1) $10.00 N/ALimited Provisional License(Level 2) $10.00 N/AFull Provisional License (Level 3) $2.50 yr.* N/ADuplicate $10.00 N/ATemporary Permit $10.00 N/A

*On January 1, 1995, North Carolina implemented afive-year license renewal program. Your license will berenewed for a period of four to eight years, dependingon your birthdate. The cost of your license will becomputed based on the yearly charge for the type oflicense you obtain. Eventually, all drivers will renewtheir license every five years, beginning at age 20.

Schedule of Fees Classified CDL

24 Chapter 2 Alcohol and the Law Chapter 2 Alcohol and the Law 25

Chapter 2

Alcohol And The LawEveryone's driving is impaired at a blood/

alcohol concentration of 0.08 percent, but manypeople are affected at much lower levels. Researchshows that the risk of being involved in a crashincreases when the alcohol level is 0.05 percent,and at 0.08 percent the risk of causing a fatal crashis even greater.

Driving While Impaired

In 1983, the North Carolina GeneralAssembly enacted the Safe Roads Act. This actrepealed all previous laws on drunk driving inNorth Carolina and replaced them with a singleoffense of Driving While Impaired - DWI.

If an officer charges you with driving whileimpaired (DWI), you will be asked to take a chemical test of your breath or blood. Refusal toperform any required test will result in theimmediate revocation of your driver license forat least 30 days and an additional, minimum 12-month revocation by the DMV. In certaininstances, after six months of the willful refusalrevocation has elapsed, the judge may issue alimited driving privilege.

If your intoxication test shows an alcoholconcentration of 0.08 percent or more (0.04 ormore, if you are driving a commercial motor vehicle), your driving privilege will be revokedimmediately for a minimum of 30 days.Additionally, the results of your chemical test orthe fact that you refused to take the test will be admissible as evidence in court.

Driving while impaired can be proven inone of two ways:

n by proving the driver's physical or mentalfitness are appreciably impaired by alcohol, drugs or a combination of both; or

n by proving the driver's blood/alcohol concentration is 0.08 percent or more.

DWI Laws:n allow enforcement agencies to set up road

blocks to check for impaired drivers;n prohibit drivers from consuming any alco-

holic beverage, including beer, while driving;n prohibit the transport of an open container

of any alcoholic beverage if the driver is consuming alcohol or if alcohol is in the dri-ver's body;

n prohibit the possession of alcoholic bever-ages (open or closed) in the passenger areaof a commercial motor vehicle while uponany highway, street or public vehicular area;

n provide for different levels of severity ofpunishment based on the severity of theoffense;

n require persons who are convicted of DWIfor the second time to serve a jail sentence;

n attempt to punish DWI offenders, but alsotry to help them deal with problems theymay have with alcohol;

n require that repeat DWI offenders or personswith high blood/alcohol contents (BACs) bechecked to see if they might have an alcohol problem;

n require persons with lower BACs to attendalcohol safety schools; and

n require anyone convicted of DWI to obtain asubstance abuse assessment prior to the reinstatement of driving privileges.

If you are convicted of DWI while yourlicense is revoked for an earlier DWI

conviction, the court may order your vehicle seized and sold.

26 Chapter 2 Alcohol And The Law Chapter 2 Alcohol And The Law 27

On the first restoration, the alcohol concen-tration restriction will be 0.04. On a second orsubsequent restoration, the alcohol concentrationrestriction will be 0.00. Additionally, if you areconvicted of Driving While Impaired in a com-mercial motor vehicle, driving after consumingalcohol or drugs while under the age of 21 orfelony death by vehicle the alcohol concentrationrestriction will be 0.00.

Furthermore, a conviction of Driving WhileImpaired with a Blood Alcohol Concentrationgreater than 0.16 or another conviction within thepast seven years, will require an ignition inter-lock device to be installed on the vehicle.

Alcohol and the Young Driver

The legal age to purchase any alcoholic beverage in North Carolina is 21. It is against thelaw for any person who is younger than 21 years ofage to purchase or to attempt to purchase alcohol.

The law requires a one-year driver license revocation upon conviction for:

n any underage person who attempts to pur-chase or purchases an alcoholic beverage;

n any underage person who aids or abetsanother who attempts to purchase or purchases an alcoholic beverage;

n any underage person who obtains orattempts to obtain alcoholic beverages byusing or attempting to use a fraudulent dri-ver license or other I.D. or another person'sdriver license or I.D; or

n any person who permits his or her driverlicense or any other I.D. to be used by anunderage person to purchase or attempt topurchase an alcoholic beverage.

If You Are Convicted of DWI:

First Conviction Mandatory revocation of your driver license for a period of one year.

Minimum Punishment Fine up to $100and not less than 24 hours imprisonment; 24hours of community service; 30 days withouta limited driving privilege or any combina-tion of these.Maximum Punishment Fine up to $2,000 and not less than 14 days or more than 24months imprisonment.

Second Conviction Mandatory driver licenserevocation for a period of four years if convictedwithin three years of first offense.

Minimum Punishment Fine up to $1,000and not less than seven days or more than 12months imprisonment. Maximum Imprisonment (same as for firstconviction) A limited driving privilege willnot be issued if the second offense occurswithin seven years of the first conviction.

Third Conviction Mandatory, permanent driverlicense revocation if at least one of the prior convictions occurred within past five years.

Minimum/maximum punishment Fine upto $2,000 and not less than 14 days or morethan 24 months imprisonment.

Fourth Conviction Mandatory permanent driver license revocation. The fourth convic-tion is considered a felony if the three prior DWIconvictions occurred within the past seven years.

Minimum Punishment one year impris-onment.Maximum Punishment three years impris-onment and a fine.

Alcohol Concentration Restrictions

Effective July 1, 2000, an alcohol concentra-tion restriction will be required when a license isrestored following a suspension for DWI orwhen a Limited Driving Privilege is issued fol-lowing a DWI conviction.

If a driver who is less than 21 years oldis convicted for an offense of driving

with any amount of alcohol or drugs inhis/her body, his/her license will be

revoked for one year.

28 Chapter 3 Your Driving Privilege Chapter 3 Your Driving Privilege 29

Chapter 3

Your Driving PrivilegePoints

Driver License Points

If you are convicted of certain motor vehicleviolations in North Carolina, driver licensepoints are placed against your driving record. Ifyou accumulate seven points, you may beassigned to a Driver Improvement Clinic. Theclinic fee is $25. Upon satisfactory completion ofthe clinic, three points are deducted from yourdriving record. If you accumulate as many astwelve points within a three-year period, yourlicense may be suspended. The accumulation ofeight points within three years following thereinstatement of your license can result in a sec-ond suspension.

If your driver license is suspended by thepoint system, it may be taken for:

n 60 days for the first suspension;n 6 months for the second; andn 12 months for the third.

When your driving privilege is reinstated,all previous driver license points are canceled.

Points are given for the following offenses:

Conviction Point Value

Passing a stopped school busloading or unloading children 5Reckless driving 4Hit and run, property damage only 4Following too closely 4Driving on wrong side of road 4Illegal passing 4Running through stop sign 3Speeding more than 55 mph 3Speeding through a school zone 3Failure to yield right of way 3

No driver's license or licenseexpired more than one year 3Running through red light 3Failure to stop for siren 3Speeding through safety zone 3Failure to report accidentwhere such report is required 3No liability insurance 3All other moving violations 2Littering involving a motor vehicle 1

Schedule of point values for conviction ofviolations while operating a commercialmotor vehicle:

Conviction Point Value

Passing a stopped school bus 8Rail-highway crossing violation 6Reckless driving 5Hit and run, property damage only 5Following too close 5Driving on wrong side of road 5Illegal passing 5Running through stop sign 4Speeding more than 55 mph 4Speeding through a school zone 4Failure to yield right of way 4Running through red light 4No driver license or expired formore than one year 4Failure to stop for siren 4Driving through safety zone 4No liability insurance 4Failure to report accident where such report is required 4Possessing alcoholic beverage inthe passenger area of a commercial motor vehicle 4All other moving violations 3Littering involving the use ofthe motor vehicle 1

Any person who commits an offense forwhich points may be assessed for violationswhile operating a commercial motor vehiclemay be assessed double the amount of any fineor penalty authorized by statute.

Insurance Points

Insurance companies use a different pointsystem to determine insurance rates. If you haveany questions concerning insurance points, con-tact your insurance agent.

Suspensionsand Revocations

In addition to criminal penalties that thecourt might mandate, conviction of certain trafficoffenses will result in the loss of your drivingprivilege.

The DMV can also suspend your license for the following:

n Two convictions of speeding over 55 mph during the same year;

n One conviction of speeding over 55 mph andone conviction of reckless driving within ayear;

n A conviction of willful racing with anothermotor vehicle, whether it is prearranged or unplanned.


Your driving privilege will be revoked forat least 30 days if you are convicted of:

n driving any vehicle more than 15 mphover the speed limit, if you are driving ata speed higher than 55 mph.

It will be taken for 60 days if you are con-victed of:

n a second charge of speeding over 55 mphand more than 15 mph above the speedlimit within one year; or

n speeding plus reckless driving on thesame occasion.

n A suspended court sentence or part of asentence mandating that you must not oper-ate a motor vehicle for a specified period oftime; and/or

n A conviction for speeding over 75 mph.

In cases like the above, the DMV may sus-pend your driving privilege as soon as it receivesthe conviction report from the court. If your dri-ving privilege is revoked, you may have the rightto a hearing in the judicial district where youreside. To request a hearing, call or write to theDMV in Raleigh. You will be notified by mail ofthe time and place for the hearing. At the hearingyou may state any facts that you think shouldentitle you to driving privileges or to a reductionof the suspension period.

If you believe your driving privilege shouldnot have been taken and the hearing gives youno help, you may appeal the DMVs decisionwithin thirty (30) days to the Superior Court ofthe county where you live. The court will reviewyour case to see if there were proper grounds fortaking your driving privilege.

Offense Suspension Time

Driving while under theinfluence of an impairingsubstance (first offense) 1 yearDriving while under theinfluence of an impairingsubstance (second offense) 4 yearsDriving while under theinfluence of an impairingsubstance (third offense) PermanentManslaughter 1 yearDeath by vehicle 1 yearManslaughter while underthe influence of animpairing substance Permanent


n 90 days, upon conviction of a third movingviolation occurring within a 12-month period; and

n six months, upon conviction of a fourth moving violation occurring within a 12-month period.

Driver License Restoration

North Carolina law requires that a restora-tion fee of $25 be paid to the DMV before a sus-pension, revocation or cancellation can becleared. (This fee is not required if the licensewas taken for medical or health reasons follow-ing a medical evaluation.) A $50 restoration fee isrequired when the revocation results from a DWIconviction. Also, a service fee of $50 is requiredupon restoration of a revoked or suspended dri-ver license unless the license was surrendered tothe court or mailed to the DMV before the effec-tive date of the suspension or revocation.

For the reinstatement of your driving privilege:

1. visit any driver license office; 2. pay a restoration and/or service fee; 3. reapply for a driver license; and4. take required tests, if any.

Speeding in excess of 55 mphand at least 15 mph over the legallimit while attempting to avoid arrest 1 yearPrearranged racing with anothermotor vehicle on the highway *3 yearsWatching, betting on or loaninga car for prearranged racing *3 yearsWillful refusal to submitto a blood or breath test 1 yearTwo charges of reckless drivingcommitted within 12 months 1 yearGetting a license or learner's permitunder false pretense 1 year

* When an officer finds that someone has loaned or isoperating a motor vehicle willfully in prearrangedracing, he/she will seize the vehicle. If the person isconvicted, the court may order the vehicle sold at pub-lic auction.

Out-of-State Conviction

Convictions occurring outside NorthCarolina may result in your license being sus-pended or revoked just as if the violationsoccurred in this state.

Failure to Appear and/or to Pay a Fine

Your driving privilege will be revokedwhen the DMV receives notification from thecourt that you have failed to appear in court or topay fines for a citation you received in NorthCarolina or another state. In the case of failure toappear and/or to pay a fine, your driving privi-leges remain revoked until the DMV receivesnotice that you have complied with the citation.Complying with the citation does not relieve youof the consequences for the actual offense, if youare convicted.

Provisional Licensee (under age 18)

There are other rules that apply to personsunder 18 years of age. If you are a provisionallicensee, your license may be suspended for:

n 30 days, upon conviction of a second moving violation occurring within a 12-month period;

Some examples of moving violations:

n passing a stopped school bus;n reckless driving;n hit-and-run;n following too closely;n driving on the wrong side of the road;n illegal passing;n running through a stop sign or red light;n failure to yield rightofway;n failure to stop for an emergency siren; andn speeding.


Chapter 4

Your DrivingGood driving skills should be developed

and practiced at all times. You should also knowyour physical and mental limitations and notdrive a vehicle when you are too tired or sleepy.When traveling long distances, plan ahead; knowyour route; and be alert to the driving conditions.Your ability to safely operate a motor vehiclemay save your life as well as the lives of others.

Driver Safety

Driver Condition

Your driving is affected by your physicaland mental health. To obtain a driver license, youmust be in good health. If you have health prob-lems that are serious and long-term in nature,they will likely come to the attention of the DMV.More often, health problems are short term, likesuffering from colds, headaches or flu. Youshould remember that any time you are not feel-ing well, your driving is likely to be different.You may be less alert and less responsive thannormal.

Fatigue

Careful planning can help to make sure youdo not drive when you are too tired. A surprisingnumber of serious crashes occur because a driverfalls asleep at the wheel.

Medications

Prescriptions and over-the-counter medica-tions can affect your driving. Before you take anymedication, find out how it will affect you. Try todo as little driving as possible while taking anytype of medication. If you must drive, be espe-cially careful. You may not be as alert as usual.

Alcohol

Young Drivers

Why do young drivers have such high crash rates? On the whole, these drivers are veryhealthy. Their vision is good, and their reflexesare excellent. Yet, they are inexperienced drivers.Regardless of how old a beginning driver is, ittakes years to become an experienced driver.During the time available, a driver educationcourse can teach only the most basic skills. Mostof the learning must take place on the highway.

Mature Drivers

People age at different rates, and some peo-ple in their seventies are more alert than othersin their thirties and forties. Nevertheless, as webecome older we tend to lose some of our abilityto react quickly to driving problems. Our vision,especially our night vision, might become worse.We might have difficulty hearing and becomemore likely to develop medical problems.

Whenever possible, If you are an older driver:

n drive on familiar roads and streets;n drive short distances;n change your driving habits to fit your abili-

ties; and n avoid heavy and fastmoving traffic.

Remember:

n About 38 percent of all traffic fatalitiesinvolve alcohol.

n Alcohol will first affect your judgementyou may think you can drive safely when you cannot.

n The amount of alcohol in a one-ounce shot of whiskey, threeounce glass ofwine and 12-ounce bottle of beer is thesame.

n Black coffee, fresh air and cold showers DO NOT help someone to become moresober only time will help.


Protecting Yourselfand Your Passengers

No one can be completely protected frombeing in a crash. None of us can predict whatother drivers will do.

Seat BeltsEach front seat occupant who is 16 years of

age or older and each driver of a passenger motorvehicle manufactured with seat belts shall have aseat belt properly fastened about his or her bodyat all times when the vehicle is in forward motionon a street or highway in this state.

Exemptions to the seat belt law:

n Persons with verified, physical conditionspreventing the use of a seat belt;

n Persons with a certified phobia of seatbelts;

n Rural letter carriers during the perfor-mance of work-related duties;

n Drivers of certain delivery, commercialand agricultural vehicles (while the vehi-cles are employed for those purposes);

n Drivers of vehicles not required by law tobe equipped with seat belts;

n Emergency vehiclesExemptions to the child passenger safetylaw:

n Persons tending to a child's personalneeds;

n Situations where all seating positionsequipped with seat belts are occupied;

n Vehicles not required by law to beequipped with seat belts.

During an average lifetime of driving,we face about a one-in-three chance of

being seriously injured or killed in a motor vehicle crash.

Child SafetyEvery driver who is transporting one or

more passengers of less than 16 years of age shallhave all such passengers properly secured in achild passenger restraint system or seat beltwhich meets federal standards applicable at thetime of its manufacture. A child less than fiveyears of age and less than 40 pounds in weightshall be properly secured in a weight appropriatechild passenger restraint system. In vehiclesequipped with an active passenger-side front airbag and a rear seat, a child less than five years ofage and less than 40 pounds in weight shall beproperly secured in the rear seat unless the childrestraint system is designed for use with air bags.If a child reached the age of four years beforeOctober 1, 1999, this requirement is met by hav-ing them secured in a seat belt.

Child Safety Seats

Each year hundreds of North Carolina chil-dren are seriously injured or killed in automobilecrashes. In fact, the number one threat to the livesof young children is the automobile accident.Only crash-tested child safety seats can reducethese senseless tragedies. Since small childrencannot make safety choices for themselves,adults must make sure children are protectedevery time they ride in cars. Infants and smallchildren must be placed in safety seats that arespecially designed for them and have beencrashtested. Properly used safety seats couldsave seven out of every ten children who arekilled while unrestrained. Always read and fol-low the manufacturer's instructions for using thesafety seat. The best seat for your child is a safetyseat that is used every time the child rides in acar. It must fit in your car(s) and have a harnessor shield system that is comfortable for the child.The seat should be one you are able and willingto use every time an infant or small child rides inyour car. Safety seats are often available throughlowcost rental programs operated by local ser-vice groups, hospitals and health departments.


Children and Air Bags

Air bags save lives. They work best wheneveryone is buckled and children are properlyrestrained in the back seat. Children riding in thefront seat can be seriously injured or killed whenan air bag comes out in a crash. An air bag is nota soft, billowy pillow. To do its important job, anair bag comes out of the dashboard at up to 200miles per hour faster than the blink of an eye.The force of an air bag can hurt those who aretoo close to it. Drivers can help prevent air bag-related injuries to adults and children by follow-ing these critical safety points:

Child Safety Pointsn Children 12 and under should ride buckled

up in a rear seat.

n Infants in rear-facing child safety seatsshould NEVER ride in the front seat of avehicle with a passenger-side air bag. Smallchildren should ride in a rear seat in childsafety seats approved for their age and size.

n If a child over one year old must ride in thefront seat with a passenger-side air bag, putthe child in a front-facing child safety seat, abooster seat, or a correct fitting lap/shoul-der belt AND move the seat as far backas possible.

Adult Safety Pointsn Everyone should buckle-up with both lap

and shoulder belts on every trip. Air bagsare supplemental protection devices.

n The lap belt should be worn under theabdomen and low across the hips. Theshoulder portion should come over the col-lar bone away from the neck and cross overthe breast bone. The shoulder belt in mostnew cars can be adjusted on the side pillarto improve fit.

n Driver and front passenger seats should bemoved as far back as practical, particularlyfor shorter-statured people.

For information about child safety seats,contact:

UNC, Highway Safety Research Center730 Airport Road, Bolin Creek BuildingCB #3430Chapel Hill, N.C. 27599-3430phone: 1-800-TOTLINE (1-800-672-4527) (in N.C. only)

or (919) 962-2202

Booster Seats and Safety Beltsfor Children

Booster seats should be used for childrenwho have outgrown their standard safety seats atabout 40 pounds and until they are big enough forseat belts. Adult safety belts should not be usedfor children until they are big enough for the seatbelt to fit correctly. The lap safety belt must fitsnugly across the childs hips, not across the stom-ach. The shoulder portion of a lap/shoulder beltmust fall across the shoulder and chest, not acrossthe face or throat. For shoulder belts that do notfit, belt-positioning booster seats designed to raisea child up for a proper fit of the lap and shoulderbelts are readily available.

If the shoulder safety belt falls across thechilds face or throat and no booster seat isavailable, place the child in a rear seat with alap safety belt or with a lap/shoulder belt withthe shoulder belt tucked completely behind thechilds back. You should not use this method inthe front seat and NEVER slip the shouldersafety belt under the childs arm. In emergencysituations, safety belts may also be used forsmaller children who can sit up by themselveswhen no safety seat is available.

Automatic Restraints

Equipment may vary from air bags thatinflate upon impact to shoulder harnesses thatautomatically wrap around occupants. Under thesafety belt law, front seat occupants MUST wearsafety belts even if the vehicle is equipped with airbags. If the vehicle is equipped with automaticshoulder harnesses, the lap belt MUST also beworn.


Law on Transporting Childrenin the Back of a Pick-up Truck

On January 1, 1995, a separate NC law wentinto effect that prohibits children less than agetwelve from riding in the open bed of a pick-uptruck. (NCGS 20-135.2B) An open bed or opencargo area is a bed or cargo area without perma-nent overhead restraining construction. Theoperator of the vehicle having an open bed oropen cargo is responsible for compliance withthis law. The statute does, however, containsome exemptions. The provisions for propersecurement of children do not apply:

n If an adult is present in the bed or cargo areaof the vehicle and is supervising the child;

n If the child is secured or restrained by aseatbelt manufactured in compliance withFederal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No.208, installed to support a load strength ofnot less than 5,000 pounds for each belt, andof a type approved by the Commissioner;

n If an emergency situation exists;

n If the vehicle is being operated in a paradepursuant to a valid permit;

n If the vehicle is being operated in an agricul-tural enterprise; or

n If the vehicle is being operated in a countywhich has no incorporated area with a pop-ulation in excess of 3,500.

Violators are issued tickets and are subjectto a fine of $25.00. Violations of this law havebeen defined as infractions and do not incurcourt costs, driver license points or insurancesurcharges.

The following 32 counties are exempt fromthe pickup truck law based on the absence ofincorporated areas with populations exceeding3,500: Alexander, Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Bertie,Camden, Caswell, Cherokee, Clay, Currituck,Duplin, Franklin, Gates, Graham, Green, Hyde,Jackson, Jones, Macon, Madison, Mitchell,Montgomery, Northhampton, Pamlico, Pender,Perquimans, Polk, Swain, Tyrrell, Warren,Yadkin, and Yancey.

General Driving

The Driver and Pedestrian

When you are driving, always yield right ofway to pedestrians.

n At intersections without traffic signals, pedestrians have the rightofway if they arein marked crosswalks, or in unmarked cross-walks formed by imaginary lines extendingfrom the sidewalks across the streets.

n At intersections controlled by ordinary trafficsignals, pedestrians must obey the same signals as drivers traveling in the same direction Pedestrians should not start tocross during a red or yellow signal.

n When crossing with a green signal, pedestri-ans have the rightofway over all vehicles,including those turning across the paths ofthe pedestrians.

n If a traffic signal changes to yellow or redwhile any pedestrian remains in the street, drivers must allow the pedestrian to com-plete the crossing safely.At some intersections, special signals

instruct pedestrians either to Walk" or Don'tWalk". When these signals are operating, pedes-trians must obey them rather than regular trafficsignals.

n Pedestrians crossing with special pedestriansignals have the rightofway just as theydo while crossing with a green light.

n If you are moving through an intersectionwith a green signal and a pedestrian startsto cross in your path against the red signal,give a warning with your horn.The law requires drivers to use the horn

whenever a pedestrian may be affected by a turn,stop or start from a parked position. If the pedes-trian does not stop, the driver must. Saving a pedestrians life is always worth the drivers lostrightofway. The safe driver yields rightofwayto a pedestrian whether the pedestrian is entitledto it or not.


Special Considerations for BlindPedestrians

The law gives a blind pedestrian specialconsideration at intersections where there are notraffic signals. When the blind pedestrian extendsa white cane or a white cane tipped with red or iswith a guide dog, all vehicles approaching theintersection must come to a full stop. All vehiclesmust remain stopped until the pedestrian hascrossed safely.

Vehicles Requiring SpecialConsideration

School buses

The maximum speed limit for a school busis 45 mph. School bus drivers travel more thanhalf a million miles each school day and trans-port almost three-quarters of a million childrenevery morning and afternoon. During the hoursthat school buses are operating (generally 7-9a.m. and 2-4 p.m.), drivers should be especiallycareful. Divided highway of four lanes or more witha median separation:When school bus stopsfor passengers, onlytraffic following thebus must stop.

Two-lane roadway:When school busstops for passengers,all traffic from bothdirections must stop.

Four-lane roadwaywithout a medianseparation: Whenschool bus stops forpassengers, all trafficfrom both directionsmust stop.

Roadway of fourlanes or more with acenter turning lane:When school busstops for passengers,only traffic followingthe bus must stop.

Children waiting for the bus or unloadingthe bus might dart out into traffic. Even whenthe school bus is not in sight, children at a busstop sometimes will run into the street unexpect-edly. Always be careful around school buses andschool bus stops.

Emergency Vehicles

Police cars, ambulances, fire engines and rescue vehicles with flashing lights or sirens arealways entitled to the rightofway.

Follow these guidelines when approachingor being approached by an emergency vehicle:

1. As the emergency vehicle approaches (fromahead or behind), drive to the right-handcurb or edge of the road and stop complete-ly.

2. Remain stopped until the emergency vehi-cle has passed, or until you are directed tomove by a traffic officer.

3. Do not park within 100 feet of an emer-gency vehicle that has stopped to investi-gate an accident or to give assistance.

4. Do not drive or park closer than one blockfrom fire trucks responding to a fire alarm.

5. Never drive a motor vehicle over a fire hose.

STOP

STOP

STOP

STOP

STOP

STOPSTOP

All vehicles, regardless of direction oftravel, must yield rightofway to an

approaching emergency vehicle.


Basic Driving Skills and Rules

Driving on Your Side of theRoad

The law requires you to drive on the rightside of the road. Driving on the left side is legalonly in some cases, such as on one-way streetsand while passing. When you are moving slowerthan the posted speed limit on a multi-lane high-way, drive in the extreme right lane unless youare passing, turning left or avoiding an obstruc-tion.

Adjusting Your Speed toDriving Conditions

The speed at which you drive determinesthe distance required to stop your vehicle.Stopping distance also depends on your reactiontime. Stopping distances are longer at higherspeeds because a vehicle travels farther during thedrivers reaction time, and it takes more brakingdistance to come to a full stop. Even with idealconditions, if you are traveling 55 miles per houryour vehicle requires approximately 211 feet tostop completely.

Driving at a high speed is more dangerousbecause each additional mile traveled per hourreduces the drivers ability to control the vehicle.Speed also increases the likelihood that a crashwill result in serious injury or death.

On the other hand, driving below the post-ed speed limit can also be dangerous. If youmust drive slower, you should still observe theminimum speed limit. At places where it isunsafe to pass, the slow driver forces other dri-vers to creep along behind or take unnecessaryrisks while trying to pass. Very slow driving isespecially dangerous just after you have passedthe crest of a hill or rounded a curve. Faster-mov-ing vehicles can crash into the slower vehiclebefore they can slow down. For this reason,watch for slowmoving vehicles such as heavy

trucks or farm vehicles. If traffic is collectingbehind you, it is wise to pull over to the side of theroad, stop and allow the vehicles to pass.

The most important rules about speed are:

n Never drive faster than the posted speedlimit or at a speed that is unreasonable orunwise given the existing conditions.

n Allow a safe distance between you and thevehicle in front of you (the two second rule").

n The faster you are moving, the farther aheadyou must be able to see to allow enough distance for stopping.

Conditions often change as you drive. Youwill drive through different areas such as opencountry, residential communities and schoolzones. Watch for changing conditions and adjustyour speed accordingly.

Unless otherwise posted, the speed limit is35 mph in cities and towns. Special speed limitsmay be posted for special areas. To be a safe dri-ver, you must often drive slower than the postedlimit, but you should never driver faster.

Maximum Speed Limits

In Cities and Towns 35For School Buses 45For School Activity Buses 55Outside Cities and Towns 55For Interstates 70

Rounding a CurveThe best way to handle a curve:

1. Slow down before you enter the curve sothat you will not need to brake while youare in the curve.

2. Gradually increase your speed to maintainthe traction necessary for good control ofthe vehicle as you round the curve.

3. If you must brake in the curve, apply thebrakes gradually until you are sure it issafe to keep continuous pressure on thebrake pedal.

Studies show that the vehicle moving at a speed considerably below the posted

limit is much more likely to cause or be involved in a crash than the vehicle

moving at a normal speed.


4. Begin to turn the vehicle just prior to thepoint where the road begins to turn

5. Stay on your side of the road and drive asfar to the right as you can.

If you encounter a curve while travelingdownhill:

1. consider the pull of gravity;2. shift to a lower gear before moving down-

hill; and3. begin to brake earlier and approach the

curve more slowly than you would on alevel roadway.

Turning

Reduce the vehicles speed before makingthe turn and then accelerate slightly. For rightturns, stay close to the right edge of the road, sothat another vehicle cannot move between yourvehicle and the curb.

Motorcycles and bicycles are especially hardto see during a turn. Always give the proper sig-nal and look before turning to make sure that youcan turn safely.

FollowingFollowing too closely is a leading cause of

traffic crashes. Maintain plenty of space betweenyour vehicle and the one ahead. If the car aheadstops suddenly, you will need time to react. Onthe open road, keep enough distance betweenyou and the car ahead so that a passing vehiclecan safely move into and occupy the space.Remember to follow the two second rule". (seepage 64).

Changing LanesOn a highway with multiple lanes of traffic,

check the lane you are changing to, as well as thelane beyond, to be certain that another vehicle isnot planning to move into the same space.

Passing1. Look ahead and behind to determine when

it is safe to pass. 2. If it is safe to pass, signal to alert the drivers

ahead and behind you of your intention sothey can plan their moves accordingly.

3. Give a left turn signal so the driver behindyou will know that you are about to pull outand pass.

4. Blow the horn to signal the driver ahead.

The horn signal places the driver of the caryou are passing under a legal obligation to helpyou to pass. While passing, be sure you haveplenty of room and keep a steady speed. Youcannot pass safely unless you can see far enoughahead to insure that you can get back to the origi-nal lane of travel before you meet oncoming traf-fic. The law requires at least two feet of clearance

Do not turnfrom or enterright hand lane

Important rules about changing lanes:

1. Signal your intended movement inadvance.

2. Check the side and rear view mirrors;3. Check over your shoulder to be certain

the blind spot is clear.

4. Proceed with changing lanes.


between your car and the vehicle or bicycle youare passing. You have not passed safely if thevehicle you have passed must slow down toallow you back into your correct lane. Neverexceed the posted speed limit while passing.

Places where passing is always unsafe and usually illegal:

n at intersections in cities and towns or at railroad crossings;

n at marked intersections in rural areas; n on any curve or hill where the driver cannot

see at least 500 feet ahead;n wherever there is a solid yellow line in the

drivers lane;n wherever there is a double solid yellow line;n at intersections or crosswalks where a car

has stopped to allow people to cross thestreet; and

n wherever the driver cannot see that the road isclear of traffic far enough ahead to pass safely.

Passing on the right

Passing on the right is against the lawexcept in areas where it is specifically permitted.Passing on the right places your vehicle on theblind side of the car you are passing. The car youare passing could unexpectedly make a rightturn or pull over to the right side of the road.

Exceptions where passing on the right isallowed:

n on highways having at least two lanes traveling in each direction;

n on one-way streets where all lanes of trafficmove in the same direction;

n when passing a vehicle that is in the left-turn lane; and/or

n when driving in a lane set aside for rightturns.

On three-lane highways, you must not passexcept in the center lane, and then only wherethe center lane is marked for passing in yourdirection. Exception: When the car in the centerlane is making a left turn.

When your vehicle is being passed

When you are being passed, you arerequired to help the other driver to pass. If thedriver of the passing car blows the horn, moveto the right edge of the road. Never increaseyour speed.

Effective December 1, 1995, if you increasespeed and fail to give way to a passing vehicle,you will be charged with a misdemeanor if acrash occurs resulting in bodily injury or prop-erty damage.

Backing

ParkingAlways park on the right side of the road,

except on one-way streets.Before pulling out from a parallel parking

space, check for approaching traffic and give aleft turn signal, unless you are parked on the leftside of a one-way street.If you are driving and notice that a car ahead ofyou is pulling out from a parallel parking space,slow down and be prepared to stop.

Places where you should not park:

n at an intersection or in front of a driveway;n within 25 feet of the curb line of an intersect-

ing street or within 15 feet of the intersectingrightofway lines if there is no curb;

There are several rules you should followwhen you must back your car.

1. Before entering your car, check behind itfor small objects or children once youare in the driver's seat, it is hard to seethem;

2. To maintain a full view of what is behindthe car, steer with your left hand and lookover your right shoulder through the backwindow do not depend on mirrorsalone or looking through the side window;

3. Back very slowly, not more than 10 mph your car is harder to control and tostop when it is backing.


n on a crosswalk, sidewalk or bridge;n within 15 feet of a fire hydrant or entrance

to a fire station;n on the paved or primarytravel portion of

any highway parking on the shoulder isalso against the law unless the parked vehi-cle can be seen by approaching drivers fromboth directions for a distance of at least 200feet;

n on the roadway side of another vehicle (double parking);

n where there are no-parking signs;n within one block of a fire or fire truck in city

limits or within 400 feet of a fire or fire truck outside the city;

n anywhere within the rightofway of aninterstate highway, except in designated parking areas or in cases of an emergencies;and

n parking spaces designated for handicappeduse unless your vehicle is displaying a handicapped license plate or placard.

Special Driving Situations

Intersections, Roads, Streets andHighways

An intersection is any place where two ormore roads meet or cross each other. Crashesoccur most frequently at intersections, and theyare considered the most dangerous places on astreet or highway. More than one-third of fataltraffic crashes involving motor vehicles occur atintersections.

On four-lane highways separated by a medi-an of more than 30 feet, each crossing constitutes aseparate intersection. The law requires that youslow down when you come to an intersection,even if you have the rightofway. In intersections without traffic signs or sig-nals, the right-of-way rules state that:

n the vehicle already in the intersection hasthe rightofway ahead of any car that hasnot yet entered;

n when two or more vehicles reach an inter-section at the same time, the car to the righthas the rightofway;

n a vehicle with the rightofway may movestraight ahead or, if legal and after signal-ing, turn right or left; and

n even with the rightofway, be careful toavoid hitting other vehicles and pedestrians.

When two facing vehicles approach anintersection at the same time, the right-of-wayrules are not much help. Both drivers can movestraight ahead or turn right. If one driver is goingstraight while the other wants to turn left, thedriver who wants to turn must wait. The driverwho wants to turn left must give the proper sig-nal and wait until the turn can be made safely.Therefore, in this case, the driver who is travelingstraight ahead has the rightofway. Neverchange lanes while you are moving straightahead through an intersection.

Rightofway at intersections

When you approach an intersection with astop sign, you must come to a complete stop andyield to the traffic on the through- street. Do notmove ahead or turn until you can proceed safely.

Drive with caution at intersections with traf-fic signals and wait until the signal permits youto turn or to move straight ahead.

A traffic circle is a specially designed inter-section. All cars in a traffic circle travel to theright. You drive around the circle in a counter-clockwise direction until you come to the road orstreet where you want to turn. You leave the traf-fic circle by making a right turn. If there is more

First CarRule

Yield tocars inintersection

Same TimeRule

Yield to car on right

Same TimeRule

Yield to carapproaching


than one lane in the circle, be sure you are in theoutside lane before you come to the place whereyou intend to exit the circle. Look and signalbefore you turn or change lanes. Never make aright turn from an inside lane. An entire trafficcircle is an intersection. Vehicles already in thecircle have the rightofway.

When exiting a private driveway, stop andyield to all other vehicles and pedestrians. Atunmarked intersections where it is hard to see inall directions, stop and then move forward slow-ly and cautiously.

Interchanges

Many intersections may have roads crossingeach other at different levels. These are inter-changes and the method of turning at these spe-cially designed intersections may vary. As youapproach an interchange, slow down and give careful attention to the signs that direct youabout how to make the turn.

Railroad Crossing Safety

A yellow and black RR" sign indicates thatyou are approaching a railroad crossing. As youapproach the tracks, look both ways and listenbecause you may have to stop. Trains canapproach a crossing at any time. If there is a stopsign, you must come to a full stop before crossing.

A railroad crossbuck sign is used at the crossing itself. A smaller sign below the cross-buck indicates if there is more than one track.Many crossings have flashing red lights or flash-ing red lights with gates. If the warning signalactivates, you must stop before the gates loweracross your side of the road. It is unlawful to movethrough a railroad crossing when the gates arelowered.

Remember these railroad crossing rules:

n When flashing red lights are used withcrossbuck signs at the railroad crossing, youmust STOP, just as you would stop for anyflashing red traffic signal.

n If you are waiting for a train to pass, bepatient.

n Do not proceed to move immediately afterthe train has passed there may be anothertrain moving in the opposite direction fromor following the first train.

n Always wait until the red lights havestopped flashing before moving ahead.

n Be prepared to stop for vehicles that muststop at crossings, such as school buses,motor vehicles carrying passengers for-hireor vehicles transporting explosives or haz-ardous materials (these vehicles are markedwith placard signs).

n If you happen to be crossing the tracks andthe warning lights begin flashing or gatesstart to come down, do not stop, KEEPMOVING! The warning signals will allowenough time for you to finish drivingthrough the crossing before the train arrives.The gate on the far side of the tracks will notblock you in. If you stop and try to back up,your vehicle may stall.

n Crossing gates will not trap you, but stop-ping traffic might. Be sure the traffic aheadof you will not stop and block you in onthe tracks.

n If your vehicle is blocked in or stalls on therailroad track, make sure everyone vacatesthe vehicle immediately. Post a lookout in each direction of the

track to see if a train is approaching. If there is no train in sight, attempt to

push the vehicle clear of the tracks or torestart it (if stalled).

As you approach a railroad crossing, youmust:

n slow your speed;n keep alert; andn watch for the railroad crossing signal.

Never move onto a railroad track unless you are certain

you can drive across safely.


With rail traffic increasing throughoutNorth Carolina, it is more important than ever topractice safety at railroad crossings. Some trainsrequire more than a mile for stopping distance.Trains cannot stop quickly, but your vehicle can.

Bicycle Lanes

When a bicycle lane or bike path travels on or adjacent to the roadway, please payspecial attention to bicyclists as you approachand move through an intersection. Because bicy-clists ride to the right of motor vehicle traffic, ahigh potential exists for a crash between the bicy-clist who is moving straight ahead through theintersection and the motorist who is turning right.

City Driving

Driving in cities and towns can pose prob-lems for some drivers. Traffic is often heavy inurban areas. Watch for approaching traffic at sidestreets. When driving in heavy traffic, be alert fordrivers who make quick stops. To avoid arearend crash by another vehicle, check yourrear view mirror often and stay aware of danger-ous situations that might exist behind you. If youintend to make a turn and find that you are notin the proper lane, continue to the next intersec-tion and turn there.

Other rules to follow when driving in cities:

n Give yourself plenty of space to make decisions leave a margin of safety"around your vehicle.

n Communicate your intended movements toother drivers.

n Watch the road far enough ahead of you todetect possibly dangerous situations earlierand to take proper defensive actions.

n Avoid driving side-by-side, especially inanother driver's blind spot if you cannotsee the inside rear view mirror of the carahead, you are probably in the driversblind spot.

n Never weave in and out of traffic stayin one lane if you can and plan lane changesahead of time.

n Be prepared to apply the brakes.n Watch for parked cars that might be pulling

out and pedestrians who might dart ontothe street from between parked cars. Parkedcars can also block your view of intersecting traffic, driveways and alleys.

n On a oneway street, use the center lane(s)for throughtravel and the outside lanes forturning.

Open Roads

Rural highways can be narrow two-laneroads or multi-lane highways. Driving on ruralroads is often more dangerous than driving inheavy city traffic because:

n the road may not be as wide;n the lighting is often not as good; and/orn the travel speeds may be higher

Secondary Roads

A paved secondary road is not alwaysdesigned for heavy traffic or regular highwayspeed. Most secondary roads are built for localtransportation, and not for main highways. Onthese roads, hills are likely to be more steep andcurves are likely to be more sharp than on prima-ry roads. Sight distances are often very short.Secondary roads cannot be traveled safely atspeeds that would be proper for primary highways.

Interstate HighwaysInterstate highways are safer roads because

they have separate traffic lanes for vehicles mov-ing in opposite directions and fewer placeswhere traffic can enter and exit. Also, Interstatesdo not have railroad crossings, sharp curves, stopsigns or traffic signals.

When driving on the interstate, follow theserules:

n Plan your trip in advance.n Be sure to check the vehicles water, oil, tires

and gas before leaving on your trip.

Remember, no vehicleis worth a human life.


n Decide in advance where you must enterand exit the highway.

n When entering the interstate, use the accel-eration lane until your vehicles speedmatches that of the other traffic and thenmerge safely.

n Keep to the right, use the left lane(s) for passing.

n Do not tailgate.

n Keep a safe following distance for the speedyou are traveling one of the most fre-quent types of crashes on an interstate high-way is the rearend crash use the twosecond rule". (see page 64)

n Remember that faster speeds require greaterstopping distances and times.

n Stop at indicated rest areas frequently, preferably at least once every 100 miles.

n Never stop in the travel lane.n If a vehicle breakdown forces you to stop,

move far off the road. Tie a white cloth onthe radio aerial or left door handle and raisethe hood. If the breakdown occurs at night,engage the vehicles emergency flashers orparking lights. If you are a driver who spotsa vehicle breakdown, immediately contactthe Highway Patrol or local law enforcement.

n When leaving the highway, signal your turnwell in advance, and without slowingdown, enter the deceleration lane. Proceedat the posted exit speed limit.

n Keep aware of cars in the lanes next to you.

Traffic moves much faster on the inter-state than on an ordinary highway. It is danger-ous to drive very far below the posted speedlimit. Follow the flow of traffic if you can do sowithout speeding. Crashes are more likely to occurwhen a vehicle moves significantly slower than theflow of the traffic.

Entering and Exiting the Interstate

A dangerous error made by drivers on aninterstate is to attempt to leave the highway aftermissing an exit. If you miss an exit, do not slowdown, back up or try to turn around. Proceed tothe next exit and leave the highway there instead.You can always find a service or side street toreturn to your intended exit.

Many interstate highways have cloverleafintersections. A cloverleaf intersection occurswhere a bridge takes one road over another roadand all turns are right turns.

If you enter an interstate headed in thewrong direction, pull over to the right

shoulder of the road and stop. When theway is clear, turn around and head in the

proper direction (Avoid this error bywatching for DO NOT ENTER signs.)

Remember these tips when you drive:

n As your speed increases, look fartherahead.

n Give particular attention to hidden intersections and driveways.

n Watch for warning signs that signalchanges in the road.

n Watch for other vehicles, especially over-sized and slow-moving ones.

n Maintain a safe following distancen Use the vehicles hea

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