ReducedSizeWillcoxDeRoureFriends—NUIGalway—2015-05-21

the social, the material, and the digital in Shakespeare’s First FolioPip Willcox and David De RoureUniversity of Oxford

@pipwillcox and @dder

Bodleian First Folio, The Lamentable Tragedie of Titus Andronicus, f. cc 2v

Digital Material, NUI Galway, 21–22 May 2015

http://www.slideshare.net/PipWillcox/reducedsizewillcoxderourefriendsnui-galway20150520

http://firstfolio.bodleian.ox.ac.uk


https://twitter.com/pipwillcox

https://twitter.com/pipwillcox

https://twitter.com/dder

https://twitter.com/dder

http://digitalmaterial.ie/




Bodleian LibrariesU N I V E R S I T Y O F OX F O R D

This Is For EveryoneH

ighl

and

His

toric

Com

pute

r Mus

eum

http://compmuseum.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/TBLOlympics-013.jpg




Bodl

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Firs

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This Is For EveryoneH

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Social Machines


Real life is and must be full of all kinds of social constraint – the very processes from which society arises. Computers can help if we use them to create abstract social machines on the Web: processes in which the people do the creative work and the machine does the administration... The stage is set for an evolutionary growth of new social engines. The ability to create new forms of social process would be given to the world at large, and development would be rapid.

Tim Berners-Lee with Mark FischettiWeaving the Web, 1999 (pp. 172–175)

The Big Picture


More people

Mor

e m

achi

nes

Big DataBig Compute

Conventional Computation

“Big Social”Social Networks

e-infrastructure

Online R&D(Science 2.0)

Social Machines

@dder

Theatre: a social machine

http://www.princeton.edu/~danson/Lit131/HANDBOOK/Swan.htm

Joha

nnes

de

Witt

’s sk

etch

of t

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wan

The

atre




Early modern theatre: performed, co-created

http://shakespeare.berkeley.edu/index.php?option=com_g2bridge&view=gallery&Itemid=256&g2_itemId=16938

Will

iam

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The Stationers’ Register

By

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of

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With thanks to Giles Bergel and Ian Gadd for supplying the photoBodleian LibrariesU N I V E R S I T Y O F OX F O R D


1623

http://blog.wellcomelibrary.org/2012/03/saving-oxfords-medicine/

Wel

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ages



An unexplained arrivalB

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arie

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✤ Bodley: plays in quarto as “baggage books”, “riff-raffe”, “idle books”

✤ Presented by the consortium of printers, or John Hemminge and Henry Condell?

✤ Under the 1610 agreement with the Stationers’ Company?

William Wildgoose, bookbinderB

odle

ian

Lib

rari

es


✤ A consignment of 10 books

✤ Strong, plain brown leather

✤ Recycled paste-downs:Cicero’s De Officiis (~1480-1485)Bod-Inc. C-322

Bod

leia

n Fi

rst F

olio

, In

side

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1624

Bod

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1624

"Engraving of Arts End, Duke Humfrey's Library" by David Loggan - http://rycote.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/?location_id=176. Licensed under Public domain via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/

File:Engraving_of_Arts_End,_Duke_Humfrey%27s_Library.jpg#mediaviewer/File:Engraving_of_Arts_End,_Duke_Humfrey%27s_Library.jpg

Arts End, Bodleian LibraryDavid Loggan, Oxonia Illustrata, 1675


http://rycote.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/?location_id=176




http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Engraving_of_Arts_End,_Duke_Humfrey%27s_Library.jpg#mediaviewer/File:Engraving_of_Arts_End,_Duke_Humfrey%27s_Library.jpg






A (partially) well-read bookBo

dlei

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irst F

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, Hen

ry IV

Par

t 1 (f

.D6r

); Ki

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); Ro

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✤ Heritage History


An unexplained departure

http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/16898http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/14034 Bodleian Libraries

U N I V E R S I T Y O F OX F O R D

✤ The Third Folio is published, 1663/4

✤ Thomas Lockey, Librarian, 1660 — 1665

✤ “not altogether fit for that office”

✤ “Rcd of Mr Ri: Davis for Superfluous Library Bookes [...] £24”

✤ John “the bookseller” Hudson, Librarian, 1701 — 1719

✤ “negligent if not incapable”

http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/16898





1905

Pho

to: B

odle

ian

Lib

rari

es, 1

905;

digi

tized

201

2

http://ww1photos.com/Rolls/Harrow/Turbutt_G_M_R_Lt_2nd_Oxford_Bucks_Light_Infantry_Harrow_Roll_Of_Honour_Vol_1.jpg

✤ Gladwyn Turbutt, Magdalen College

✤ Falconer Madan, Deputy Librarian

✤ Strickland Gibson, Assistant Librarian

Hill

s &

Sau

nder

s, 19

06;

digi

tal i

mag

e: B

odle

ian

Lib

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1905

Pho

to: P

ip W

illco

x


✤ Madan, Gibson and Turbutt, The Original Bodleian Copy of the First Folio of Shakespeare (The Turbutt Shakespeare), Oxford: 1905

✤ Bibliographical Society lecture

✤ Review in The Times

✤ The Athenæum, 25 February 1905

1905

Hill

s &

Sau

nder

s, 19

06; d

igita

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age:

Bod

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n L

ibra

ries


✤ E.W.B. Nicholson, Bodley’s Librarian, 1882 — 1912

✤ Offered to buy the First Folio for the Library at its market value

1905




✤ An anonymous offer of £3,000

Pho

to: P

ip W

illco

x

1905


Am

hers

t Col

lege

Mag

azin

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all 2

007

https://www.amherst.edu/aboutamherst/magazine/issues/2007_fall/shakespeareBodleian Library Records, c.1259—1262



✤ An anonymous offer of £3,000

✤ Henry Clay Folger, Standard Oil

https://www.amherst.edu/aboutamherst/magazine/issues/2007_fall/shakespeare

https://www.amherst.edu/aboutamherst/magazine/issues/2007_fall/shakespeare

A private campaign


✤ ‘PROPOSED REPURCHASE FOR THE BODLEIAN OF THE ORIGINAL BODLEIAN COPY OF THE 1ST FOLIO SHAKESPEARE (1623)’

✤ “Oxford men”

Pho

to: P

ip W

illco

x

National commons


“I think every patriotic Englishman should answer”

“in so national a matter I think that every patriotic criteria is vitally aroused”

Pho

tos:

Pip

Will

cox

National commons

Pho

to: P

ip W

illco

x


“I hope it is possible to raise the sum required, & to prevent this treasure going the way of all our English treasures — to America.”

Diversity


✤ Not all from Oxford

✤ Not all from men

“Pray forgive the mistakes. Put it down to my being a Cambridge man, mourning that Oxford men have not found the requisite sum. I hope it will be found.”

“from my sister-in-law Mrs. Henry Pott, that there exists a Guild of Ladies”

Pho

tos:

Pip

Will

cox

“man-eating money maniacs”


✤ Not everyone supported the appeal“Secondly, having due regard to the cost of existing in this present wicked world, it is quite absurd that any copy of any book should command such a price. Only the man-eating money-maniacs of America could have started such an inept fashion. […] By all means let them have EVERYTHING that can be bought for money – the Pope’s tiara and the King’s crown and a majority in the House of Commons – and a free passage across the Styx. And let them have the Shakespeare, if the present possessor’s sentiment and conscience allows him to let them have it. The only cure for covetousness is satiety – and the Styx.”

Pho

to: P

ip W

illco

x

“Fourthly, why all this fuss about Shakespeare? If you were offered genuine manuscripts of the lost plays of Sophocles, I can imagine that heaven and earth ought to be moved to where the University Press would then provide us, who love Sophocles and decent literature, with copies, much better for practical purposes than the originals, and at a reasonable sum.

“[…] Why should the great, the dignified, Bodleian Library lend itself to the encouragement of such literary provincialism?”

Spoiler alert

Bod

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n L

ibra

ries

Arc

h. G

c.7

and

Arc

h. G

c.8

.P

hoto

: Pip

Will

cox


✤ Curated by the Bodleian’s Rare Books

✤ The Turbutt family commissioned its box

2012: Sprint for Shakespeare

HELP US OPEN THE BODLEIAN’S FIRST COLLECTED EDITION OF SHAKESPEARE’S PLAYS TO THE WORLDShakespeare’s First Folio is one of the greatest treasures in the Bodleian collection, and we would like your help opening it up for anyone anywhere in the world to enjoy exploring its pages. Now, in the year of the Cultural Olympiad, we invite Shakespeare lovers and Bodleian supporters to join our Sprint campaign to digitize and publish our First Folio online for the benefit of everyone, from schoolchildren to scholars.

By making a contribution of any size – from as little as £20 per page – your support will enable us to publish a speech, a scene, an act or even a whole play of the First Folio online, on a specially created website, which will inspire readers today and in the future.

The Sprint for Shakespeare campaign aims to raise £20,000 through a large number of donations of all sizes. Any surplus beyond the target will go towards future online projects to open up the Bodleian collections.

All supporters of this campaign will be recognised on a special page on this website, with the opportunity to dedicate their gift to someone who inspires them. Like the patrons and subscribers of books in the past, the names will live on with this digitized book through this website.

FOR

Shakeßpeare

TO FIND OUT MORE AND LEARN

HOW TO BE INVOLVED VISIT OUR WEBSITEhttp://shakespeare. bodleian.ox.ac.uk

B

D

L

S

S

http://shakespeare.bodleian.ox.ac.ukBodleian LibrariesU N I V E R S I T Y O F OX F O R D

http://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/bdlss/



http://shakespeare.bodleian.ox.ac.uk

http://shakespeare.bodleian.ox.ac.uk

http://livepage.apple.com/















23 April 2013: Shakespeare’s 449th birthday




Research potential: manufacturing processes


✤ Permanent access

✤ Close digital comparison

✤ Understanding printing

Research potential: reception

Pho

to: B

odle

ian

Lib

rari

es


✤ Permanent access

✤ Close digital comparison

✤ Understanding printing

✤ Understanding bookbinding

✤ Material history of the book

✤ Marks of its readers’ use

Research potential: discoveryB

odle

ian

Firs

t Fol

io, f

lyle

af, f

.[π]A

1v


An Active Swain to make a Leap was seenWhich sham’d his Fellow Shepherds on the Green,And growing Vain, he would Essay once more,But lost the Fame, which he had gain’d before;Oft’ did he try, at Length was forc’d to yeild.He St[r]ove in Vain, — he had himself Excell’d:So Nature once in her Essays of Wit,In Shakespear took the Shepherd’s Lucky LeapBut over-straining in the great Effort,In Dryden, and the rest, has since fell Short.

23 April 2014: Shakespeare’s 450th birthday


✤ Further generous donations

✤ Serial publication of searchable full texts of the First Folio (in beta)

✤ Use and reuse: Creative Commons Attribution Only

✤ Collaboration: IT Services consultation

✤ Oxford e-Research Centre

✤ Open source software

✤ Scholarly social machine...




“with the participation of Society”


https://www.academia.edu/12103878/_Coniunction_with_the_participation_of_Society_Citizens_Scale_and_Scholarly_Social_Machines

David De Roure and Pip Willcox‘“Coniunction, with the participation of Society”: Citizens, Scale, and Scholarly Social Machines’

Beyond the PDF: Born-Digital Humanities, Boston, 27–28 April 2015

https://www.academia.edu/12103878/_Coniunction_with_the_participation_of_Society%E2%80%A8_Citizens_Scale_and_Scholarly_Social_Machines

https://www.academia.edu/12103878/_Coniunction_with_the_participation_of_Society%E2%80%A8_Citizens_Scale_and_Scholarly_Social_Machines


SM1: co-authoringSM2: performance

SM3: prompt booksSM4: publicationSM5: copyrightSM6: reception

SM7: deacquisitionSM8: enquiry desk

SM9: scholarshipSM10: the pressSM11: campaign

SM12: campaign #2SM13: publication #2SM14: transcribe, editSM15: publication #3

SM16: use & reuse

“with the participation of Society”

Remediating the digital’s materialityB

odle

ian

Firs

t Fol

io, T

he T

rage

dy o

f Rom

eo a

nd Iu

liet,

f.EE

3r

Pip Willcox and David De Roure. Forthcoming. ‘“now art thou sociable...now art thou what thou art”: Surfacing TEI Encoding in the Bodleian First Folio’s The Tragedy of Romeo

and Iuliet.’ Bodleian LibrariesU N I V E R S I T Y O F OX F O R D

Textual layers: visual search,“like Google Books”

Social annotation:✤ page✤ encoding✤ edition

Scholarly social machines


✤ Performed, and therefore mutable

✤ Generative

✤ Collaborative, human and machine

✤ Connected, embracing scale

Friends associating friends


✤ Audiences associating readers

✤ Editors associating performers

✤ Scholars associating text

Friends associating friends


✤ Audiences associating readers

✤ Editors associating performers

✤ Scholars associating text

✤ Citizens associating citizens

http://bodley30.bodley.ox.ac.uk:8180/luna/servlet/s/w303ir

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Acknowledgements


✤ The authors are grateful to the supporters of the Sprint for Shakespeare campaign, to the donors of the Bodleian First Folio project, and our colleagues who worked on both projects:

✤ http://shakespeare.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/the-project/supporters/✤ http://firstfolio.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/supporters.html✤ http://firstfolio.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/about.html#contact

✤ This work is supported under SOCIAM: The Theory and Practice of Social Machines, a programme funded by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) under grant number EP/J017728/1, and a collaboration between the Universities of Edinburgh, Oxford, and Southampton.

✤ With particular thanks to Giles Bergel, Ian Gadd, Emma Smith, Richard Sheppard, Ségolène Tarte, and Justin Tonra, organizer of the Digital Material conference.


http://shakespeare.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/the-project/supporters/


http://shakespeare.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/

http://shakespeare.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/

http://firstfolio.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/

http://firstfolio.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/



http://firstfolio.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/supporters.html

http://firstfolio.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/supporters.html

http://firstfolio.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/about.html#contact

http://firstfolio.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/about.html#contact





ReducedSizeWillcoxDeRoureFriends—NUIGalway—2015-05-21

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