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1. RECOMBINANT DNA or rDNA Raymart Enriquez Isidro BSE III-
Biological Science
2. Recombinant DNA An artificially made DNA strand that is
formed by the combination of two or more gene sequences. This new
combination may or may not occur naturally, but is engineered
specifically for a purpose to be used in one of the many
applications of recombinant DNA.
3. What is DNA? How does it works?
4. Background Information on DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid A double
helix structure and contains a combination of the nitrogen bases:
adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine. Instructional manual for
how to build life Found in chromosomes and contains gene.
5. RECOMBINANT DNA or rDNA Refers to a combination of DNA
molecules that are not found together in nature. Is generally
reserved for molecules produced artificially by joining DNA
obtained from different biological sources.
6. PIONEERS IN RECOMBINANT DNA Paul Berg Stanley N. Cohen
Herbert Boyer
7. PIONEERS IN RECOMBINANT DNA The invention of recombinant DNA
technology the way in which genetic material from one organism is
artificially introduced into the genome of another organism and
then replicated and expressed by that other organismwas largely the
work of Paul Berg, Herbert W. Boyer, and Stanley N. Cohen, although
many other scientists made important contributions to the new
technology as well.
8. RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY The basic process of recombinant
DNA technology revolves around the activity of DNA in the synthesis
of protein. Scientists can change the nature of the DNA and of the
gene make-up of an organism. Uses methods derived from nucleic acid
biochemistry, coupled with genetic techniques.
9. METHODS OF rDNA TECHNOLOGY 1.DNA to be cloned is purified
from cells or tissues. 2.Proteins called restriction enzymes are
used to generate specific DNA fragments. 3.The fragments produced
by restriction enzymes are joined to other DNA molecules that serve
as vectors, or carrier molecules. 4.The rDNA molecule is
transferred to a host cell. Within the host cell, rDNA molecule
replicates. 5.As host cells replicate, the rDNA molecules within
them are passed on to all their progeny.
10. Methods 6. The cloned DNA can be recovered from host cells,
purified, and analyzed. 7. The cloned DNA can then be transcribed,
its mRNA translated, and the encoded gene product isolated and used
for research or sold commercially.
11. RECOMBINANT DNA MOLECULES ARE CONSTRUCTED USING SEVERAL
COMPONENTS RESTRICTION ENZYMES- isolated from bacteria, restrict or
prevent viral infection in bacterial cells by degrading the
invading viral DNA. Are endonucleases that recognize a specific
nucleotide sequence and cut both strands of the DNA within that
sequence. Werner Arber, Hamilton Smith, and Daniel Nathans- 1978
Noble Prize Winner in Physiology or Medicine. Escherichia coli and
is designated EcoRI.
12. 1978 Nobel Prize Winner in Physiology or Medicine Werner
Arber Daniel Nathans Hamilton Smith
13. DNA LIGASE/SYNTHETASE An enzyme that catalyzes the linking
together of two molecules usually using the energy derived from the
concurrent splitting of a pyrophosphate group from a
triphosphate(as ATP) It plays a role in repairing single-strand
breaks in duplex DNA in living organisms.
14. VECTOR Fragments of DNA produced by restriction enzyme
digestion cannot directly enter bacterial cells for cloning.
However, when a DNA fragment is joined to a vector, it can gain
entry to a host cell, where it can be replicated or cloned into
many copies. Vectors are, in essence, carrier DNA molecules.
15. MAKING rDNA
16. Sources: Retrieved from:
http://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Recombinant- DNA.aspx;
http://www.cliffsnotes.com/sciences/biology/microbiology/dna-
and-gene-expression/recombinant-dna-and-biotechnology;
http://www.bio.davidson.edu/Courses/Molbio/MolStudents/spring
2005/Durnbaugh/yfp.html;
http://www.chemheritage.org/discover/online-
resources/chemistry-in-
history/themes/pharmaceuticals/preserving-health-with-
biotechnology/berg-boyer-cohen.aspx Introductory Genetics by
William S. Klug and Michael R. Cummings; Merriam-Webster Dictionary
2015