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The National Association of Fire Equipment Distributors (NAFED) Online Fire Extinguisher Service Training Program is a practical training program that must be supplemented with actual hands-on training provided by the service company, NAFED University, and other sources.
This program was written by NAFED members utilizing their own experiences to provide proper procedures for the servicing and maintenance of portable fire extinguishers.
NAFED strongly suggests that all service personnel procure a copy of NFPA-10, Portable Fire Extinguishers, current edition. This standard is available from the National Fire Protection Association at www.nfpa.org. This is the internationally recognized standard for the selection, maintenance, and testing of portable fire extinguisher equipment. Its content should be familiar to all service personnel in the fire protection equipment industry.
These programs are intended to be a general guide to the servicing of portable fire extinguishers. All service personnel should secure manufacturers’ service manuals for specific types of extinguishers and be familiar with state and local ordinances regarding extinguishers.
It is important that all service personnel follow the manufacturers’ recommended procedures when servicing any type of portable fire equipment. The information and servicing procedures presented in this program have been compiled from educated sources and currently available information.
However, the suggested practices explained in this program generally reflect the minimum maintenance requirements expressed in NFPA-10. Please review the specific requirements of your local jurisdiction because various jurisdictions may require different procedures.
NAFED assumes no liability or responsibility in connection with the information, procedures, and recommendations contained herein and expressly disclaims any liability for damages, compensatory, consequential or other, in contract or in tort, arising out of or related to the use of any information in this program. The information herein is general, and not specific to any manufacturers’ products. It should not be assumed that every acceptable safety procedure or method, precaution, equipment, or device is contained within, or that unusual circumstances may not require further procedures or requirements.
Photographs used in this program are included strictly to illustrate specific training points. Use of these photographs does not constitute an endorsement by NAFED of any product or equipment shown.
Standards NFPA-10, currently published edition, is the standard for maintaining and servicing fire extinguishers. Local regulations, as well as those of the State Fire Marshal, provincial regulations, and other authorities having jurisdiction shall also be followed.
Safety Safety cannot be overemphasized. NAFED will always instruct that safety glasses are a requirement of the job because of the environment you will be training and eventually working in.
Extinguishers that shall not be maintained and must be permanently removed from service:
1. Soda acid 2. Chemical foam (excluding film-forming agents) 3. Vaporizing liquid (e.g., carbon tetrachloride) 4. Cartridge-operated water 5. Cartridge-operated loaded stream 6. Copper or brass shell (excluding pump tanks) joined by soft
solder or rivets 7. Carbon dioxide extinguishers with metal horns 8. Solid charge-type AFFF extinguishers (paper cartridge) 9. Pressurized water fire extinguishers manufactured prior to
You may not service in any way. When disposing of these types of obsolete fire extinguishers follow all local, state, and provincial regulations in an environmentally responsible manner.
Dry chemical may be introduced into the cylinder by scoop and funnel, vacu-fill type machines, or other approved methods. If using fixed machines, it is essential to keep different types of dry chemical separated to prevent contamination.
Prior to recharging an extinguisher, personnel should be thoroughly familiar with the contents of the manufacture manual to recognize any equipment conditions or discrepancies that might prohibit the recharge of the extinguisher or direct further equipment maintenance or repair.
Check to make certain there is no pressure by inverting the unit (so any remaining agent falls toward the valve). Then wait 10 seconds, control the end of the hose, and slowly open the valve.
Visually examine the extinguisher for any signs of damage, wear, dents, corrosion, missing labels or other conditions which might prohibit the unit from being recharged. If necessary remove extinguisher from service.
Removal of Valve Assembly Unscrew and remove the discharge hose from the valve assembly.
Slowly unscrew the discharge valve assembly from the agent cylinder.
Note: When disassembling many fire extinguishers at the same time, they should always be tagged or referenced so they remain matched to the specific cylinder that they were removed from. This will keep the orientation of the gauge facing the front of the fire extinguisher when screwed back on.
Check the agent type discoloration or contaminants – NFPA 10 7.8.3.4 Dry Chemical Agent Re-Use. 7.8.3.4.1 The dry chemical agent shall be permitted to be reused, provided a closed recovery system is used and the agent is stored in a sealed container to prevent contamination. 7.8.3.4.2 Prior to re-use, the dry chemical shall be thoroughly checked for the proper type, contamination, and condition. 7.8.3.4.3 Where doubt exists with respect to the type, contamination, or condition of the dry chemical, the dry chemical shall be discarded
“Take a piece of the suspected dry chemical. Hold it 6 inches over a hard surface (a concrete floor for example) and drop it. If it shatters into powder - then the chemical was packed (compressed). If not, it is caked and must be discarded”
Disassembly of Valve Assembly Remove the discharge valve assembly from the agent cylinder. Disassemble the siphon tube and remove the spring and discharge valve stem. Ensure siphon tube is unobstructed.
Cleaning of Valve Assembly Closely examine all components to ensure they are not damaged, cracked or worn. Remove the O-ring and examine it to ensure it is not cut, cracked or deformed (Replace if necessary) Use rags and/or brushes for cleaning
Lubrication of Valve Stem Examine the valve stem to ensure it is not bent or corroded. Ensure the rubber seat is not cut, damaged or deformed (Replace as necessary)
Lubricate O-ring with a light coat of silicone grease.
Reassemble the Valve Stem Properly reassemble the valve assembly. Ensure the valve stem, spring and siphon tube are correctly installed and securely tightened.
Filling the Cylinder Reinstall the discharge valve assembly into the agent cylinder.
Ensure the valve is properly snugged down.
Pressure gauge facing the front of the cylinder. Weigh the extinguisher to verify the total extinguisher weight falls within the tolerance limitations indicated on the nameplate.
NFPA 10 Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers 2018 Edition
7.1.2.1* Persons performing maintenance and recharging of extinguishers shall be certified. 7.1.2.2 Persons performing maintenance and recharging of extinguishers shall be trained and shall have available the appropriate manufacturer’s servicing manual(s), the correct tools, recharge materials, lubricants, and manufacturer’s replacement parts or parts specifically listed for use in the fire extinguisher.
FROM NFPA-10
7.8.4.1 Only standard industrial-grade nitrogen with a maximum dew point of −60°F (−51°C), in accordance with CGA G-10.1, Commodity Specification for Nitrogen, shall be used to pressurize stored-pressure dry chemical and halogenated-type fire extinguishers that use nitrogen as a propellant.
FROM NFPA-10
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7.8.4.2 Halogenated-type fire extinguishers that require argon shall be pressurized with argon with a dew point of −65°F (−54°C) or lower. 7.8.4.3 Compressed air shall be permitted to be used from special compressor systems capable of delivering air with a dew point of −60°F (−51°C) or lower. (See Annex J.) 7.8.4.5 A rechargeable stored-pressure-type fire extinguisher shall be pressurized only to the charging pressure specified on the fire extinguisher nameplate.
FROM NFPA-10
7.8.1.2* When recharging is performed, the manufacturer’s service manual shall be followed. (For recharge agents, see 7.8.3.) From one manufacturer’s manual
From a Manufacturer’s Manual
Connect a regulated nitrogen source, pre-set to 25 P.S.I. over intended charging pressure stated on the extinguisher nameplate, and pressurize the unit by opening the pressure valve and depressing the extinguisher operating lever. Refer to the calibrated charging pressure gauge to determine the charge pressure. Do not rely on the extinguisher gauge for charging pressure. Close the pressurization valve and release the extinguisher operating lever once the proper charge pressure has been reached. Bleed off the charging line pressure by opening the bleed valve.
From another Manufacturer’s Manual Install the proper manufacturer’s pressurization charge adapter into the discharge valve outlet port. Using a regulated source of dry nitrogen containing a calibrated pressure gauge, depress operating leverand slowly pressurize the extinguisher to pressure indicated on the nameplate. Reference the calibrated pressurization gauge for proper charge.
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OTHER MANUFACTURES’ MANUALS HAVE SIMILAR WORDING. YOU SHOULD NEVER USE THE EXTINGUISHER GAUGE AS THE MEANS FOR DETERMINING CORRECT PRESSURIZATION.
IT’S NOT A “GAUGE” BUT AN INDICATOR IT INDICATES ONLY A RANGE – NOT A NUMERIC
VALUE
MANUFACTURER’S MANUALS STATE “DO NOT RELY ON THE GAUGE FOR DETERMINING CORRECT CHARGING PRESSURE.”
DETERMINE RECHARGE PRESSURE
NOTE: DIFFERENT EXTINGUISHERS MAY HAVE DIFFERENT CHARGING PRESSURES EVEN FROM THE SAME MANUFACTURER.
TO DETERMINE THE CHARGING PRESSURE NEEDED FOR THE EXTINGUISHER (SEE NAMEPLATE)
7.8.4.5.2 A regulated source of pressure, set no higher than 25 psi (172 kPa) above the operating (service) pressure, shall be used to pressurize fire extinguishers. 7.8.4.5.3 The gauge used to set the regulated source of pressure shall be calibrated at least annually. 7.8.4.6* An unregulated source of pressure, such as a nitrogen cylinder without a pressure regulator, shall not be used.
CONNECT EXTINGUISHER TO CHARGING LINE 7.8.4.5.1 The manufacturer’s pressurizing adapter shall be connected to the valve assembly before the fire extinguisher is pressurized.
Complete and attach the six-year maintenance label, if applicable.
The label is installed normally on the back or side of the fire extinguisher, but never over the top of a manufacturer’s label, and NEVER on the front of the extinguisher.
The process of charging fire extinguishers with clean agent involves working with a pressurized liquid and high pressure gas, so it should only be undertaken by trained personnel.
The procedures for recovering clean agents are similar in most respects, there are two main differences:
The type of O-rings and valve stems used (In the recovery machine, and parts used in the fire extinguisher)
Rubber used for Halon are not compatible with Halotron, if incompatible rubber are used, the result can be loss of extinguisher pressure or blockage of the valve preventing proper discharge.
The process of filling extinguishers and bulk recharge cylinders with clean agents involves the use of a pressurized liquid and high pressure gas. The process should only be undertaken by personnel trained in the use of these kinds of materials. High pressure (compressed) gases can be extremely dangerous if not handled properly. Improperly installed or maintained pressure regulators or hose assemblies can cause system failures and result in possible personal injury.
A. Chemical Hazards
Measures should be taken to minimize inhalation of any vapors.
FILLING OPERATIONS SHOULD BE CONDUCTED IN A WELL VENTILATED ENVIRONMENT. B. Personal Protective Equipment
To insure proper protection, it is recommended that standard equipment for handling compressed gases and refrigerants be used for filling operations. This would include the use of rubber gloves and eye goggles.
All containers (including high pressure gas cylinders) used in filling operations should be secured to stationary objects to prevent uncontrolled movement.
NOTE: Consult the clean agent Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for more safety information.
FILLING/AGENT RECOVERY PRINICPLES It is imperative that before performing filling or agent recovery procedures, the following guidelines are followed:
1. All of the Maintenance Procedures detailed in the Service Manual be completed.
2. All extinguisher components and filling equipment components are compatible for use with the clean agent.
Extinguisher filling/agent recovery should be performed only by trained technicians. Manufacturer parts and service equipment should be used in the performance of these procedures.
All equipment should be maintained dry and free of moisture.
The general filling procedure follows three basic steps:
Evacuation Principals The fire extinguisher needs emptying including the fumes/vapors 1. To remove moist air from the cylinder, which if present can cause corrosion. 2. To accelerate the filling process by removing some of the back pressure that results from entrapped air. The vacuum pump selected should be capable of pulling a minimum vacuum of 27 inches (686 mm) mercury. 3. Halon 1211 has to be recovered using a recovery machine. Per NFPA 10 (2018) 7.8.3.8.1
Once the extinguisher valve assembly has been rebuilt, it is ready to be filled with clean agent. The filling lines and quick connect used in the filling process should be compatible with the type of clean agent being used.
One of the key differences between Halon and Halotron is that the Halotron bulk supply cylinder must be kept under pressure during the transfer of liquid from the bulk supply cylinder to an extinguisher. Halotron is a blend of two gases forced into the extinguisher by pressure. To insure that the uniformity of the Halotron stays consistent during transfer, a supply of argon must be connected to the Halotron bulk supply cylinder to maintain a minimum pressure of 95 psig (655 kPa). This is easily accomplished with a high pressure argon cylinder and a regulator.
No pumps are necessary to transfer the Halotron liquid into the extinguishers (Which is not the case with Halon) the transfer can be completed by connecting the filling hose to the extinguisher and opening the extinguisher valve. Once the extinguisher valve is opened, the pressure difference will allow the Halotron to fill the extinguisher.
The pump on your recovery machine will transfer Halon liquid/vapors into the extinguisher.
Steps for Liquid & Pressure Recharge Step 5 Close the liquid valve and open the pressure valve to pressurize the fire extinguisher, remove handle clamp, and, pull a vacuum on the fire extinguisher.
The process of charging fire extinguishers with CO2 involves working with a pressurized liquid and high pressure gas, so it should only be undertaken by trained personnel.
1. In a well ventilated area, secure the nozzle and slowly squeeze the discharge lever to discharge any remaining agent and remove pressure from the extinguisher.
2. Check the hydro-test date before refilling.
3. Visually examine the extinguisher for signs of damage, wear, corrosion, or other conditions that might prohibit the unit from being recharged.
4. Remove the hose/horn, closely examine the hose assembly, discharge horn and couplings for any damage, wear, or conditions that might affect its proper function.
5. Examine the valve assembly (including safety relief assembly) ensure it is not damaged, corroded or obstructed.
Note: If replacement of safety relief is required, the extinguisher must first be emptied.
Caution Prior to recharging an extinguisher, properly trained personnel should be thoroughly familiar with the contents of the manufacture manual to recognize any equipment conditions or discrepancies that might prohibit the recharge of the extinguisher or direct further equipment maintenance or repair.
Caution: Invert the extinguisher, then while securing and pointing the nozzle in a safe direction, squeeze the operating valve lever to remove all remaining pressure from the extinguisher.
Warning: To prevent injury or death, always ensure all pressure is properly relieved from an extinguisher prior to attempting any service, repair or recharge.
Visually examine the extinguisher for any signs of damage, wear, dents, corrosion, missing labels or other conditions which might prohibit the unit from being recharged. Check that the hydro test date is still current. If necessary, remove extinguisher from service.
Filling the Cylinder Once filled to the correct the fill mark, reinstall the valve assembly. Ensure the valve is properly snugged down. Pressure gauge facing the front of the cylinder.
Pressurizing the Cylinder Some extinguishers are pressurized using the refill valve in the back of the valve assembly, others are pressurized via the discharge outlet