RECENT ADVENCES IN PRODUCTION AND PROCESSING OF ARECANUT COURSE TITLE:-PLANTATIONCROP COURSE CODE:-FSC-503 CREDIT HOURS:-3(2+1) -:SUBMITTED TO:- DR K.C MOHAPATRA (DEPT. OF PLANTATION CROP) -:submitted by:- Mr Manas Kumar Patel Admn. No:-01Fsc/2014 Dept. of fruit science and horticultural technology
Recentadvencesinproductionandprocessing of acre nut
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NOTE:-NUTS FLOAT VERTICALLY WITH CALYX END POINT UP WORDS WHEN ALLOWED TO FLOAT ON WATER IS SELECT.
SEED SOWN IN VERTICAL POSITION
GERMINATE OF SEED WITHIN 45 DAYS TO 3 MONTHS
(SEED PLANT WITH STALK END UP BY SPACING OF 5X5CM )
SEEDLING OF 2-3 LEAF STAGE TRNSFER TO SECONDARY NURSERY FOR 6 MONTH
(TRANSPLANT 90 DAYS SEEDLINGS HAVING 2-3 LEAVES IN TO SECONDARY NURSERY WITH SPACING OF 30X30 CM.)
12-18 MONTHS SEEDLING OF >5 LEAF ARE TRANSFER TO MAIN FIELD
(SEEDLINGS WITH MINIMUM HEIGHT AND MAXIMUM GIRTH ARE TO BE SELECTED FOR PLANTING.)
PLANT ARE PLANTED AT SPACING OF 2.7X2.7 M WITH NORTH TO SOUTH DIRECTION.
(FIG OF NURSERY TECHNIQUE OF ARECA NUT)
PLANTING• PIT SIZE:-(90CM)3
• SPACING:-1.25X1.25M OR 3.6X3.6M
• PLANTING SYSTEM:-SQUARE SYSTEM OF PLANTING.
• MULTI-TIER CROPPING SYSTEM.
• PLANTING TIME:-MAY-JUN
NOTE:-WELL-DRAINED SOILS, PLANTING AT A DEPTH OF 90 CM IS RECOMMENDED AND IN HEAVY SOILS PLANTING AT A DEPTH OF 60 CM IS RECOMMENDED.
Planting of areca nut
Multi tier cropping
Square system planting
INTERCULTURAL OPERATION
DRAINAGE:-HEAVY SOILS-CHANNELS SHOULD BE AT LEAST 15 – 30 CM DEEPER THAN THE DEPTH AT WHICH THE SEEDLINGS ARE PLANTED.
SHADING:-THE PALMS ARE HIGHLY SUSCEPTIBLE FOR SUN SCORCHING SO RAISING CROPS LIKE BANANA IN BETWEEN TWO ROWS OF ARECANUT.
MANURING:-100:40:140(N:P:K) AND GREEN LEAF MANURE AND COMPOST:-12 KG/PLANT
IRRIGATION:-4-7 DAYS INTERVAL@175 LTRS/PALM IN HOT AND DRY WEATHER. SPRINKLER AND DRIP IRRIGATIONS CAN SAVE 20 AND 44 PER CENT RESPECTIVELY OF WATER
FERTIGATION:-STUDIES AT CPCRI HAVE SHOWN-
a) INITIAL STAGES OF ARECA GARDEN ONLY 75% OF THE RECOMMENDED DOSE OF FERTILIZER IS SUFFICIENT
b) FERTILIZER SHOULD BE SPLIT INTO TEN PARTS AND SHOULD BE APPLIED ONCE IN 20 DAYS FROM NOVEMBER TO MAY.
COVER CROP:-MIMOSA INVISA.STYLOSANTHUS GRACILIS IN APRIL- MAY.
MIXED CROP:-ARECA NUT WITH COCOA(1:1 RATIO WITH 2.7M X2.7M SPACING) MIXED CROP VIZ., PEPPER, COCOA, BANANA, LIME AND BETELVINE.
HARVESTING AND YIELD• ACCORDING TO TYPE OF PRODUCT AS CONSUMER REQUIREMENT IN
MARKET NUT IS HARVESTED.
• HARVESTING PERIOD:-JUNE – JULY (TENDER NUT) AND NOV – MARCH (RIPE NUT).
• 45-50 DAYS INTERVAL PICKING OF NUT FOR 3 PICKING
• HARVESTING BY:-CLIMBING, LONG BAMBOO POLE, SHARP SICKLE OR HOOK.
climbing Mechanical harvesting
Bamboo pole
YIELD• 10TH YEAR PLANT:->10 KG RIPE NUT/TREE.
FIRST
SECOND THIRD
FOURTH
SIXTHSEVENTH
EIGHTH
PRESERVATION OF ARECA NUT
FULLY RIPE NUT CAN STORE-1 YEAR (KERLA AND ASSAM)
BURA TAMUL (IN ASSAM FOLLOWED)
FRESH FRUIT WILL LACED IN THICK LAYER OF MUD.
NEETTADAKKA (IN KERLA FOLLOWED)
FRESH FRUIT KEPT IN WATER BACTERIA ATTACK TO INNER CORE
DISCOLOURATION OF HUSK AND FOUL SMELL OCCUR.
(NOTE:-REMOVING OF FOUL SMELL—0.1% SOD. BENZOATE+0.2% KMNO4+SULPHURIC ACID UP TO PH 3.5-4,STEEING OF RIPE NUT AFTER HEAT BLANCH WILL HELP FOR REMOVING FOUL SMELL.)
PROCESSING OF ARECA
NUT(DRY NUT)
• KOTTAPAK/CHALI:-
RIPE FRUITS DRY FOR 35-40 DAYS
MARKETED WHEN 12% MOISTURE OBTAINED
FOUND IN:-KERLA,KN,ASSAM,MAHARASTRA.
PAREHA:-
FRUIT CUT LONGITUDINALLY 2 EQUAL HALVES
SUN DRY FOR 10 DAYS SCOOP OUT KERNEL
DRYING OF NUT
FOUND IN:-KERLA AND KERNATAKA.
MECHANICALLY:-7-8 DAYS AT TEMP OF 45-
75DEGREE.
Kottapak/chali
KALIPAK(TENDER
NUT)
• KALIPAK:-
TENDER NUT
DEHUSKED
CUT IN TO PIECES
BOILED WITH WATER
COATED WITH KALI 3-4 TIMES FOR GLOSSY APPEARANCE
DRIED IT
SCENTED SUPARI
(MADE FROM BOTH CHALI
AND KALIPAK)
SCENTED SUPARI:-
DRY NUT
BROKE IN TO BIT
BLEND WITH SPICE, ESSENTIAL OIL AND FLAVOURING AGENT
PACKED IN BUTTER PAPER
SWEETENING AGENT:-SACCHARINE
FLAVOURING AGENT:-ROSE ESSENCE AND METHANOL
s.R no
constituent
Uses of by product
1 Tanin(30-37% in tender,16-22% in ripe)
Adhesive in plywood. food colour, dying purposein cloth and leather, ink preparation.
2 Fat (8-12%) Confectionary product with cocoa.substitute for vanaspati.