Realizing Service- Realizing Service- Finder Finder Web Service Discovery at Web Scale Web Service Discovery at Web Scale http://www.service-finder.eu Lecturer: Emanuele Della Valle [email protected]http://emanueledellavalle.org Authors: Emanuele Della Valle, Dario Cerizza, Irene Celino, Andrea Turati, Holger Lausen, Nathalie Steinmetz, Michael Erdmann, Wolfgang Schoch and Adam Funk
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Realizing Service-FinderRealizing Service-FinderWeb Service Discovery at Web ScaleWeb Service Discovery at Web Scale
Information Society Technologies (IST)Specific Targeted Research Project
SOA onto the WebSOA onto the Web
Service Oriented Architectures (SOAs) along with Web Services technologies are widely seen as the most promising fundament for realizing service interchange in business to business settings.
However, it is envisioned that SOAs andWeb Services will increasingly move outof these settings and out onto the Web.
Information Society Technologies (IST)Specific Targeted Research Project
Pitfalls of public UDDI registriesPitfalls of public UDDI registries
1. UDDI is centered around programmatic access to the registry and only a few mostly technically focused user interfaces are available.
2. The information in public UDDI registry was often outdated. The value of the service in the public UDDI registry is minimal if the service itself does not exist anymore.
3. There are no means for community feedback. Practically there is only one possibility to provide feedback allowing the user to contact a provider by email listed in the service description.
4. A WSDL definition and a short description is not sufficient for a service consumer to select a service. To make decision about applicability of the service, service consumer need to become familiar with pricing, terms and condition, service level agreements to name just a few.
1. Easy to use GUI - It is important that early adopters of Web Services technology, who learns about it for the first time, should be able to start exploring it with a few simply steps.
2. Search Engine style - Web is unpredictable and services can appear and disappear (the same as websites), but one can put up a mechanism (periodic crawling and availability check) allowing to eliminate these services which are not available any more.
3. Architecture of participation - Learn from Web 2.0 (e.g., wikis, blogs, etc.) in enabling community.
4. More useful info - Include all information required by a user to make decision about applicability of the service; e.g., pricing, terms and condition, service level agreements, etc.
Information Society Technologies (IST)Specific Targeted Research Project
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key objectiveskey objectives
Create a Semantic Search Engine for Web Services Aggregates information from heterogeneous sources:
WSDL, wikis, blogs and also users’ feedbacks and behaviour Create a Web Service Crawler to identify Web
Services and their relevant information Automatically generate Semantic Service Descriptions
by analyzing heterogeneous sources Allow efficient and effective search of collected and
generated data Provide a Web 2.0 portal
To support users in searching and browsing for Web Services To give recommendations to users To track user behaviour for improving accuracy of service search
and user recommendations
Create a Semantic Search Engine for Web Services Aggregates information from heterogeneous sources:
WSDL, wikis, blogs and also users’ feedbacks and behaviour Create a Web Service Crawler to identify Web
Services and their relevant information Automatically generate Semantic Service Descriptions
by analyzing heterogeneous sources Allow efficient and effective search of collected and
generated data Provide a Web 2.0 portal
To support users in searching and browsing for Web Services To give recommendations to users To track user behaviour for improving accuracy of service search
Information Society Technologies (IST)Specific Targeted Research Project
Use cases for Use cases for
To gather requirements we imaged several use cases A system administrator at a bank who is looking for
an SMS Messaging service that sends him an SMS in any case failures with the on-line payment system of the bank.
A business and technology consultant working on a e-health project that needs to make it possible for general practitioners to send and receive fax directly from their patient record application using an on-line service.
A web developer that, after using a service listed on Service-Finder, decides to edit the information on the portal in order to improve it for other community users
Information Society Technologies (IST)Specific Targeted Research Project
Requirements for Requirements for
We identified within those previous use cases more than 60 requirements and we grouped similar requirements together into three main categories: Search related: search for text, search for tag, search for
concept, disambiguation, facet-browsing, ranking, sorting, comparing, etc.
Web Service information related: Services details: interface, how can the service be used, its
payment modalities, its terms and clauses, user-added information as ratings, comments and tags, measured values of service levels such as availability (uptime) or performance (response time) and the service level declared by the provider.
Providers info: name of the provider and its references, user-added information as ratings, comments and tags
User Community related: rating, commenting, tagging, editing, writing wiki entries, registration, recommendations
Any publicly available Web Service has somewhere on the Web a corresponding interface description published (e.g. using WSDL)
Addition Information (e.g. service coverage, service availability, FAQs, price, etc.) about a service should be located on the same domain than the service description itself
A free service trial should be available
NOTE: we are, in this phase of the project, focusing on WSDL service descriptions, because they are both easier to detect on the Web and easier to analyze, as they have a standardized interface. Nevertheless not all publicly available services are described in WSDL, providers often use the REST paradigm or JSON. Thus, in a second step we will try to define methods to detect other service descriptions than WSDL on the Web.
Information Society Technologies (IST)Specific Targeted Research Project
Conceptual indexer and matcher by Conceptual indexer and matcher by
The conceptual indexer and matcher is the central data store for all information that has to be used by multiple components within the Service-Finder architecture.
It stores the semantic annotations from the Automatic Annotator as well as those provided by the users through the interface
It also stores and indexes the textual description provided by the Automatic Annotator, as well as the textual comments provided by users.
It provides semantic querying capabilities on top of the data stored that allow to do matchmaking between user request and service offers as well as retrieval capabilities.
In order to allow the user to intuitively create queries it allows combining a keyword search with an ontological query.
Information Society Technologies (IST)Specific Targeted Research Project
Interface by Interface by
Service Finder Interface represents the main entry point for a user who wants to search for services. It provides the users with search functionalities to help them in finding the most appropriate services to fulfill their needs.
In particular the user can: search services by keyword, tag or concept in the categorization; sort and filter query results by refining the query compare and bookmark services for those services that offer this
functionality, try out the service register to the portal and contribute in a Web 2.0 fashion by
tagging, rating, commenting and adding descriptions/properties to services
allow developers to invoke Service-Finder functionalities through an API access to service data
It is based on lesson learned in implementing Squiggle1 (CEFRIEL’s semantic search engine) and SOIP2 (CEFRIEL’s semantic portal)
Information Society Technologies (IST)Specific Targeted Research Project
Cluster Engine by Cluster Engine by
This is an experimental feature that aims at harnessing Wisdoms of the Crowds as done in many Web 2.0 successful approaches (e.g. Amazon recommendations, Netflix movie clusters, Last.fm playlists, etc.)
It will use the implicit and explicit feedback that users of the Service-Finder portal will leave when they interact with the portal in order to derive clusters of users and services.
Intuitively, it does so by identifying from users' history, those users that behave similarly and, for each group of users, by identifying the services they usually interact with and group services used by users belonging to the same cluster.
It finds (unlabeled) clusters of users/services and it uses them to recommend services to users.
Information Society Technologies (IST)Specific Targeted Research Project
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Key innovations ofKey innovations of
Research Activities
Automatic Service Annotation
To automatic create Web Service descriptions by analyzing WSDL and related information•coping with contradictions•using community process to verify results
User and Service Clustering
To investigate and implement techniques for:•clustering users accordingly to their behaviours•clustering services accordingly to their usage by users belonging to the same clusters
Research and Engineering Activities
Conceptual Indexing and Matching
To apply semantic technologies in the Web Service discovery domainTo adopt them to the new forms of input descriptions:•Automatic annotations, clusters, contexts
Integration Activities
Service-Finder Portal
To provide a Web 2.0 portal•demonstrating the developed technologies•fostering communities participation
Information Society Technologies (IST)Specific Targeted Research Project
Expected ImpactsExpected Impacts
Service-Finder provides core mechanisms to cope with changing environments: It uses Web principles such as openness and robustness; It takes explicit and implicit user interaction for construction,
improvement and validation of rich service description; and It exploits Semantic Web technologies as means to organize
internally the data on available services. It simplifies the service publishing process by removing the
burden of any registration and brings service discovery even to non-technical persons. Publishers increase their productivity, by being able to provide
complex services without the need to register them explicitly. Creators become able to design more communicative forms of
content by integrating third party services. Organizations can automate their processes by quickly finding
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Exploitation ProspectsExploitation Prospects
The results of the Service-Finder project have the potential to revolutionize this market and to outperform existing solutions
Using Service Finder for Public services Unique chance
market for public services increases (xignite, cdyne, …) Missing Alternatives
UDDI (has been shutdown in 2006) Google (no reliable filter / no additional information) Portals (rely on editorial process <=400 services)
Service finder can also be applied within organizations Number of Services increases in organizations As within internet repositories in big companies can be quickly
outdated IT Manager like minimal invasive technology