RANKINE CYCLER, STEAM TURBINE POWER SYSTEM Kelsea Hubka, Hunter Cressman, Andrew Braum, & Ramzi Daouk Mechanical Engineering Department Loyola Marymount University Los Angeles, California 90045 February 14, 2008 ABSTRACT The purpose of this lab was to gain an understanding of the thermodynamic performance of the Rankine Cycle. By gaining an understanding of the Rankine Cycle, similar analyses can be applied for application in power generation. Energy analysis was performed on the cycle as a whole and on the individual components. By using the first law of thermodynamics for open systems, analysis was performed on the boiler, turbine, and condenser. Key results included an expected isentropic power of 8261 watts, condenser heat loss was 126 watts, power generated was 1.61 watts, turbine isentropic efficiency was 0.0195%, Rankine Cycle thermal efficiency was 0.0186%, and the estimated time to boiling was 26 minutes and 51 seconds. Conclusions suggest that entropy losses from the boiler to the turbine were due to irreversibilities in the cycle. Recommendations included rerunning experiment with a more efficient turbine, and also using a true Rankine Cycle with pump. Note the current setup did not include a pump in the cycle. The results of this lab were intended to parallel applications in power generation. Proofread by, Andrew MacDonell
22
Embed
Rankine Cycler, Steam Turbine Power Systemdocshare01.docshare.tips/files/12912/129124858.pdf · Technologies Rankine Cycler System and to understand the details of each component
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
RANKINE CYCLER, STEAM TURBINE POWER SYSTEM
Kelsea Hubka, Hunter Cressman, Andrew Braum, & Ramzi Daouk
Mechanical Engineering Department
Loyola Marymount University
Los Angeles, California 90045
February 14, 2008
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this lab was to gain an understanding of the thermodynamic performance of the
Rankine Cycle. By gaining an understanding of the Rankine Cycle, similar analyses can be
applied for application in power generation. Energy analysis was performed on the cycle as a
whole and on the individual components. By using the first law of thermodynamics for open
systems, analysis was performed on the boiler, turbine, and condenser. Key results included an
expected isentropic power of 8261 watts, condenser heat loss was 126 watts, power generated
was 1.61 watts, turbine isentropic efficiency was 0.0195%, Rankine Cycle thermal efficiency
was 0.0186%, and the estimated time to boiling was 26 minutes and 51 seconds. Conclusions
suggest that entropy losses from the boiler to the turbine were due to irreversibilities in the cycle.
Recommendations included rerunning experiment with a more efficient turbine, and also using a
true Rankine Cycle with pump. Note the current setup did not include a pump in the cycle. The
results of this lab were intended to parallel applications in power generation.
Proofread by,
Andrew MacDonell
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page:
Introduction 3
Theory and Analysis 4
Experimental Procedure 10
Results and Discussion 13
Conclusion and Recommendations 20
References 21
Appendices 22
Appendix A: Raw Data & Charts 23
Appendix B: Meeting Times & Sample Calculations 32
3
INTRODUCTION
The objective of this experiment is to understand the thermodynamic performance of a Turbine
Technologies Rankine Cycler System and to understand the details of each component which
composes the system. The analysis will include performing an energy balance on the cycle and
each individual constituent. The Rankine Cycler Steam Turbine Power System is composed of
the following parts: the cooling tower, the boiler, the generator, the steam turbine, the steam
admission valve, and the gas valve. In preparation for this experiment, six liters of water are
poured inside of the boiler. Once the water reaches boiling at a high temperature and pressure,
the steam admission valve must be opened to allow for the steam to pass through the turbine.
This produces power which is recorded as current and voltage as a function of time. Readings
are taken for around thirty minutes and are collected in a data acquisition system. From the
cooling tower, a thick cloud of condensed vapor can be observed. The data recorded is plotted
and analyzed to determine the efficiency of the system. Using the first law of thermodynamics,
the turbine power, the turbine efficiency, the heat transfer to the boiler and from the condenser at
steady-state conditions, the Rankine Cycle efficiency, and the time it takes for the water to boil
inside of the boiler can be found. The boiler, before the valve is opened, can be viewed as a
closed system to determine the time it takes for the water to boil inside of the boiler. However,
once the valve is opened, each component under analysis must be viewed as an open system.
The efficiency of the generator is expected to be very low. The efficiency of the turbine is also
expected to be low. The total efficiency of the cycle is expected to be relatively low. These
results will be used to determine the performance of the Rankine Cycler system. These results
will provide the basis for a better understanding of the Rankine Cycle which can be applied to
power generation.
4
THEORY AND ANALYSIS
The Rankine Cycler, or Steam Turbine Power System, is an ideal isentropic thermodynamic
process which generates electrical power by using steam as the working fluid. This cycle does
not involve any internal irreversibilities and consists of the following four processes: constant
pressure heat addition in a boiler, isentropic expansion in a turbine, constant pressure heat
rejection in a condenser, and isentropic compression in a pump (Çengel, 2008). Inside the high-
pressurized boiler, superheated vapor is produced from the heat of burning fuel, in this case
propane gas. Assuming an open system, the high pressure forces the superheated vapor to the
turbine where it expands isentropically and work is produced by the rotation of the turbine shaft
(Çengel, 2008). This rotation spins a generator, transforming this mechanical energy into
electrical power. The water vapor then exits into a condenser where the saturated vapors cool
into a saturated liquid by rejecting heat to a cooling medium such as a lake or the atmosphere
(dry cooling in a large open tower) (Çengel, 2008). The liquid then moves through a pump,
before returning to the boiler as a compressed liquid. This process is cyclical, thus creating a
steady flow. A schematic diagram of this cycle is shown in Figure 1.