Rain water storage and usage

RAIN WATER STORAGE AND USAGE

RURAL AREA

JALVARDHINI PRATISHTHAN

BENEFITS OF USING RAIN WATER

• Rainwater can be used as a principle water source for– Potable and non-potable water– Agriculture / Horticulture / Flowricultural etc.

• Bore well / Tube well recharge• Storing it in lakes for using it after the rains• To safeguard sweet water reservoirs and to arrest sea

water intrusion near seashores / Coastal area• To avoid water logging in urban area during the rains• To improve overall water quality as rainwater is purest

form of natural water

POTENTIAL OF RAIN WATER

• Rivers, canals, lakes, wells get water due to rains only

• Hence rainwater should be our primary water source

• The average annual rainfall in Maharashtra is 500-4000 mm

• Still water scarcity is a major problem all over• This problem can be very well handled with

proper rainwater management.

• If rainfall is 500 mm then 1 acre (4000 m2) of

land will have 4000 x 0.5 = 2000 m3 i.e. 20 lac

litre water (4000 mm rainfall will yield 16,000 m3

of water i.e.160 lac litres)

• In India, at many places rainfall is almost regular

and hence this huge amount of water is

available every year

• We can store and use the water as per our

requirement

RURAL AREA RAIN WATER MANAGEMENT

• Water is needed for following things

– Drinking / Cooking purpose

– Horticulture purpose

– Agriculture (Kharip, Rabbi crops)

– For other human and animals activities

DRINKING WATER STORAGE

• Consider a family in a village– Average no of persons in family = 5– Water needed for drinking + cooking / person = 5 L (liters)

– Annual water needs comes out to be

5 x 5 x 365 = 9,125 L– If we store 10,000 L water, then it will be sufficient for

one family for a year– 10,000 L Ferrocement Tank can serve the purpose– There are two types of ferrocement tanks available

1) STORING ROOF TOP RAIN WATER FOR DRINKING PURPOSE

• Rainwater stored in a closed tank can be used for drinking purpose

• First two rain showers should be allowed to run off

• Once the roof / terrace gets cleaned, thereafter rainwater falling on it can be stored through pipes in the tank

2) STORING WATER FROM TOP OF A TANK

• Ferrocement tank is used to store rainwater

• Slope is given either towards center / edges of the tank

top

• Holes are made at the center or edges

• Rainwater is thus stored in the tank

• Don’t forget to clean the tank and top before monsoon

Morewadi, Taluka Karjat, District RaigadCapacity 10,000L

Estimated cost Rs, 35,000

Morewadi, Taluka Karjat, District RaigadCapacity 10,000L

Estimated cost Rs, 35,000

Rainwater Storage for Horticulture on Barren land

1) KOKAN JALKUNDcapacity 4000L

Estimated cost Rs. 3000

2) BANKER JALKUND Capacity 2000LEstimated cost Rs. 1,500

3)COCONUT COIR CEMENT TANKCapacity 10,000 L

Estimated cost Rs. 25,000

4) BANANA FIBER CEMENT TANKCapacity 10,000L

Estimated cost Rs. 25,000

5)FLAX ( AMBADI ) FIBER CEMENT TANK Capacity 10,000 LEstimated cost Rs. 25,000

6)JUTE FIBER CEMENT TANK Capacity 2,000 L Estimated cost Rs. 4000

7) FERRO CEMENT TANK ( UNDERGROUND )Capacity 10,000 L

Estimated cost Rs. 30,000

8)FERRO CEMENT TANK ( ABOVE GROUND)Capacity 5,000 L

Estimated cost Rs. 15,000

9) 1000 LITER TANK ( WITH THE HELP OF FORM WORK AND WITH JOINTS )

Estimated cost Rs. 2,500

10)1000 LITER TANK ( WITH THE HELP OF FORMWORK WITHOUT JOINTS )

Estimated cost Rs. 2,500

11) 1000 LITER TANK( WITHOUT THE HELP OF FORM WORK)Estimated cost Rs. 2,500

12)GEOMEMBRANE LINED TANKCapacity 15,000 L

Estimated cost Rs. 15,000

• The cost of building these tanks comes to Rs. 0.75 to 3.00 /L (based on 2012 rates)

• Tanks shown in slides 2,3,4,5 and 6 are not that common

• Tank type 3, 4, 5 and 6 have natural fibers used as a crack controlling material

PREVENTION OF WATER LOSS DUE TO EVAPORATION

Different types of lids/covers can be used to control evaporation of stored rainwater-

A bamboo frame can be used.

Rice husk / grass / coconut leaves can be used to make the cover.

Once the tank is filled with rainwater, add 10 ml of nim oil over it to help in preventing evaporation.

Also due to strong smell of the oil, animals / insects don’t come near the tank and tank remains safe.

RICE HUSK COVER

DRY GRASS COVER

COCONUT LEAVES` COVER

RAIN WATER FOR AGRICULTURE

• 82% of the agriculture land is Rainfed

• Due to irregular rains, many times water becomes unavailable when required by the kharip crops

• There can be time gap of 15-20 days between 2 rains.

• If we have stored the rainwater then it can be used during this dry period.

• This way proper rainwater management can help farmers to take both kharip and rabbi crops

WAYS TO STORE RAN WATER

• Type 1:• 5 to 10% of the farm land can be used to store the

rainwater. This water can be used during dry spell during rainy season. In North-east India and Kerala we can see this kind of farming . It is called “On Farm Reservoir” there.

• Type 2:• The soil that can’t retain water, plastic sheet can be used

at the bottom to prevent seepage. Rabbi crops need less water. Last rains of the season stored will be sufficient.

FARM POND

• A Farm pond is build to store the surface run-off during rains.

• Irregular rains have negative impact on crops and thus the farmers’ income

• Storing rainwater can solve this problem.

• If the soil is such that it retains water, then the cost of building farm pond is further reduced.

• Otherwise use of sealant / lining material becomes essential.

• Maharashtra: Farm pond sizes are 10m x 10m with depth 1 – 3m to 30 m x 30 m with depth 2-3 m

• Government provides subsidy for pond building and cost incurred on sealant material.

• Konkan region: water seepage is major problem. Hence the pond should be dug at a place where soil appears moist even in the month of Feb / March.

• We have seen the farm pond at following places without the use of lining material

Pond / Talab

• A POND / TALAB is a body of water that is surrounded by land

• POND is useful for– Storing water– Groundwater recharge– Fishery– To store flood water

Talasari, Tluka Talasari, District Thane

• Stored water can be used for various purposes like drinking, agriculture, cattle, other daily water needs, to bring barren land under cultivation

• A lake can provide the water needed for one complete village

• Size of the pond can be determined based on the need.

• Historically, the Ponds were built for about 150 villagers.

• Number of lakes per village depend upon the population, animals and geographic conditions.

THANKS!