Rahul and Rajan

7/30/2019 Rahul and Rajan

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By Savreet


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Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition System.

SCADA is the combination of two words:

Supervisory control

Data acquisition


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FREQUENCY CONTROL

VOLTAGE CONTROL

LINE LOADING


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To ensure the maintenance of gridfrequency within the normal band i.e. 49.0to 50.5 Hz, following steps are taken intoaccount:

Sudden reduction in generator outputparticularly when frequency is falling below49.0 Hz

Sudden increase in load when frequency isfalling below 49.0 Hz.


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The operating range of the voltage atvarious voltage levels of grid are asfollows:

Voltage in KV (RMS)

Nominal Maximum Minimum

400 420 360

220 245 200

132 145 120


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In the event of high voltage the following specificsteps would be taken:

The bus reactors be switched in

The manually switchable capacitor banks betaken out

The switchable line/ tertiary reactors be taken in

Operate synchronous condensers for VARabsorption

Operate hydro generators / gas turbines assynchronous condenser for VAR absorptionwherever possible


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In the event of low voltage the following specificsteps would be taken:

The bus reactors be switched out

The capacitor banks be switched inThe switchable line / tertiary reactors be

taken out

Operate synchronous condensers for VAR

generation Operate hydro generators / gas turbines as

synchronous condenser for VAR generation,wherever possible


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Transducers

Potential and Current Transformers

Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) MODEM

Power Line Carrier Communication(PLCC)

Front End Processor

LAN

Main Server


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MODEM

MODEMCFEHUBCOMPUTERS

SERVERS

CTS/PTS

TRANS-DUCER RTU


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Typical RTU has a network interface (usually eitherEthernet, proprietary, or both), a simple processor,some environmental sensors, some override

switches, and a bus, which it uses to communicatewith devices and/or interface, boards.

There are two modes in which RTUs work:

1) Under command from central computer

2) Stand alone mode


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RTU


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BASIC FUNCTIONS OF RTU

Collect power system data

Filter and process the system data

Transmit data to control center

Receive the control commands


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There are two types of displays:

Online Display

In a one line or single line display wholenetwork is made up of single lines andgraphical symbol are used for differentcomponents.

One-line diagrams give the current state of the

operating devices and also give on line data.We can give command from one line diagramto control the state of the devices and canchange the way of displaying the data.


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Tabular display also gives the state of theoperating devices and current data.

But in this case information is in thetabular form i.e. in the form of rows andcolumns.

Tabular usually contains moreinformation the one line displays.


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Increase Efficiency

Minimize Fault Response Time Reduce Planned Downtimes

Maximize Profitability

Reduce Manpower Requirement Maximize Safety


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Rahul and Rajan

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