Question of the day: How would YOU answer this question: Generally speaking people are… A.Responsible and resilient B.Fragile and in need of assistance.

Question of the day:

How would YOU answer this question:

Generally speaking people are…

A. Responsible and resilientB. Fragile and in need of

assistanceC. In need of strong leaders

Enlightenment and Scientific RevolutionChapters:7.410.2

Benchmark 2:1. (K) explains essential concepts from the Scientific Revolution (e.g., the Heliocentric Theory; Natural Law; scientific method).

2.▲(K) explains essential concepts from the Enlightenment that represented a turning point in intellectual history (e.g., ideas of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Voltaire, Montesquieu, Mary Wollstonecraft, Jean Jacques Rousseau, Enlightened despotism, salons).

What is the "Enlightenment?”• Philosophical movement

inspired by the concept of “reason”

• What is “reason”?– Dictionary= “rational motive for a

belief or action”

• NOT a single school of thought– It’s more a set of values. – At the core, it’s a questioning of

traditional ideas and a strong belief in rationality and science.

Salons- Review from Salon Musings

• When?– 1600s

• Where?– France– England

• What?– Meeting places of writers and

artists– Fashionable places of rich

French

Salons- Review from Salon Musings

• Who?– Madame de Rambouillet– “Bluestockings”– Men in London, men and women in

France

• How?– Salons are social clubs, London coffee

houses are business gatherings

• Why?– Salons are important in history

because they are the great meeting places of Enlightenment thinkers and ideas

Important Enlightenment Thinkers

• Locke

• Hobbes

• Voltaire

• Montesquieu

• Wollstonecraft

• Rousseau

John Locke • English philosopher• Two Important Essays:

– Essay Concerning Human Understanding• Every person is born with a

“tabula rasa”• People are shaped by their

experiences and environments

– Two Treatises of Government• The state (gov’t) exists to

preserve the natural rights of its citizens

• When the state fails to do so, the people have the right to rebel.

John Locke • 3 Natural Rights

– Life: everyone is entitled to live once they are created.

– Liberty: everyone is entitled to do anything they want to so long as it doesn't conflict with the first right.

– Estate: everyone is entitled to own all they create or gain so long as it doesn't conflict with the first two rights

Thomas Hobbes• English philosopher• Important book: Leviathan

– Coined “state of nature”- men were constantly battling each otherUNTIL…

– A government was established • The people and the gov’t operate

under a “social contract”– Theory says man gives up some

rights/power in return for the protection offered by the gov’t

– Gov’t agrees to protect the people in return for the power the people give it

Thomas Hobbes

• Essential Natural Right– Life- man can use power

to ensure the preservation of his own life

Word Walls That Teach!• Each table is assigned 2

terms from lecture• Your job…

– Front of Paper• Under the printed word, draw

a colorful “hint” picture for the word

– Back of Paper• Define the word in 15 words or

less• Put team members names

Words AssignmentsGroup #

Words

1 Enlightenment Social Contract

2 Salon State of Nature

3 Locke Natural Rights

4 Hobbes Tabula Rasa

5 Tabula Rasa Hobbes

6 Natural Rights Locke

7 State of Nature Salon

8 Social Contract Enlightenment

What do you know about the situation in Libya?

Salon Musings: Power to the People?• Philosopher’s Perspectives– What would each philosopher say about the people

having power in gov’t?

• Research Modern Day Perspective– Watch CNN Student News Clip– Read Transcript

• Modern Day Perspective– For each philosopher, relate the theory to the

situation in Libya

• Summary– Which philosopher's stance on the initial question

do you feel is the best fit for the situation in Libya? Explain.

Start @ 1:14

Voltaire• French Philosopher and

Writer• Advocate for religious

toleration• Famous Book:

– Treatise on Toleration • “All men are brothers under God”

• Championed “deism”– Universe is like a clock

• God= mechanic– Mechanic created the

universe, set it in motion, and allowed it to run w/o interference according to natural laws

“I don’t care what you have to say, but please use your right to say it!”

Montesquieu• French philosopher• Famous book:

– Spirit of the Laws• Three types of Government

• Governments– Republic

• Small states– Despotism

• Large states– Monarchies

• Middle-sized states

Montesquieu• Gave a name to the

branches of the British constitutional monarchy– Executive= King/Queen– Legislative= Parliament– Judicial= Courts of Law

• Government operates best with a “separation of power” and with a system of “checks and balances”

S.S.2: Monday, March 14th

• On your desk:– Enlightenment notes (Ch. 7

and 10)

Question of the day: – Where is there sexism in

the contemporary world, if anywhere?

Mary Wollstonecraft Girl power!

•Founder of women’s rights for Europeans and Americans• Argued women were rational

AND capable•Famous book:• A Vindication of the Rights

of Women• ID two problems with

European thinkers: • 1)those who argued men

should rule women also argued against gov’t based on the power of kings 2) Women are rational—they are entitled to equal rights

Rousseau

• Most famous of philosophes in the1760s• In Discourse on the Origins of the

Inequality of Mankind:– Argued people formed gov’t/lawsto protect private property-BUT gov’t enslaves them

•In Social Contract:•Presented the idea of social contract•Social contract =society agrees to be governed by general will (what’s best for society)

Rousseau

• In Emile, he argues education should nurture, NOT restrict children’s natural

instincts• Believed emotions are important to

human development

• What did the critics say? They criticized him for not practicing what he preached His children were sent to

orphanages Believed women naturally subservient to men

Men are just

naturally better!

Salon Musings: What’s the purpose of education?• Philosopher’s Perspectives

– What would each philosopher say about the purpose of education?

• Research Primary Documents:– Wollstonecraft, In her own words:

• Write down the following points about Wollstonecraft’s perspective. Support each stance by writing down a quote from the document under each in the area provided on the W.S.

1. Women are as rational as men2. Other thinkers should believe women are

equal because they argue against brutal oppressors (kings)

3. Women should have rights in education, economic, and political life

Salon Musings: What’s the purpose of education?• Philosopher’s Perspectives

– What would each philosopher say about the purpose of education?

• Research Primary Documents:– Rousseau, in his own words:

• Write down the following points about Wollstonecraft’s perspective. Support each stance by writing down a quote from the document under each in the area provided on the W.S.

1.Emotions are important to human development

2.You need to learn skills, practical knowledge, for your adult life

3.Children (who will be men) should be free to learn from experiences

Salon Musings: What’s the purpose of education?

• Modern Day Perspective– For each philosopher, relate the theory to the

situation in our public schools. Who is more responsible for education—teachers or parents?

• Summary– Which philosopher's stance on the initial question

do you feel is the best fit for the situation with education today?

Wednesday, March 16th: Tuesday, March 16th• On your desk:

– Enlightenment notes (Ch. 7 and 10)

– Perspectives Packet: Rousseau v. Wollstonecraft

Question of the day: Are public schools working? If not, what can be done to fix public schools? Who is to blame (students, parents, or teachers)?

Adam Smith

• Scottish• Famous Work

– Wealth of Nations• Government needs to stay

out of business– Laissez-faire

• Government has 3 roles:– Protection from invasion– Defense of citizens– Keeping up public works

Adam Smith

• If left alone, the economy would be guided by an “invisible hand”– The “hand” works through:

• Self-Interest• Competition• Supply and Demand

• Was concerning with people’s morality when it came to money– What would people be willing to

give up/ sacrifice to have more things?

Salon Musings: Friend Finder

• Number off 1-71. Locke2. Hobbes3. Montesquieu4. Voltaire5. Wollstonecraft6. Rousseau7. Smith

• Complete Part 1 on your worksheet

Salon Musings: Speed “Friending Rounds• There are 5 rounds, each with a topic

question you must answer in a salon

• You will have 30 sec. to compose a 7 person salon (each figure must be present)

• Each round lasts 5 min., so share your ideas quickly

• Write what each figure has to say in their designated box– You must explain WHY they think that way!

• At the end of each round you will have 1 min. to complete the Can we be friends? box

The Enlightenment Through SongPart 1• Complete Part 1 of your

worksheet

• You will hear 3 songs– You have the lyrics at your

table

• As a group, discuss which of the 7 philosophers the song fits– Give specific lyric evidence to

support your claim

Word Walls That Teach!• Each table is assigned 1

term from lecture• Your job…

– Front of Paper• Print the word in LARGE print• Draw a colorful “hint” picture

– Back of Paper• Define the word in 15 words or

less• Put your name

Words and Table AssignmentsGroup

#Words

1 Wollstonecraft2 Rousseau3 Adam Smith4 Invisible Hand5 Laissez-faire6 morality7 Adam Smith8 moralitiy

Enlightenment Through

Song: Part ONE• Read the instructions for

part one. • Using your notes and

book, you will write down facts about each philosophe in the space provided.

• You will have 15 minutes.

Enlightenment Through

SongPart 2

• You will hear 4 songs– You have the lyrics at your

table

• As a group, discuss which of the 7 philosophers the song fits– Give specific lyric evidence to

support your claim

Enlightenment Through

Song• Three Ring Government-School

House Rock• Born Free-Andy Williams• Let it Be-The Beatles• Another Brick in the Wall- Pink Floyd• Highway to H***-ACDC• Think-Aretha Franklin• The Fear-Lily Allen