Quality of drinking water in ships wo cost r3 june 2012

Measurements of Quality Parameters of Drinking Water

on Ships

Simos SarvanidisMarine Chemist

Rev.3 June, 2012

World Health Organization (WHO)

In 2011, WHO published the 4th edition of the ‘Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality (GDWQ)’, which includes minimum procedures and specific numerical guideline values for the assessment of drinking water quality.It takes into account 4 aspects that could be examined:

•Microbial •Chemical •Radiological and •Acceptability (odour, taste, appearance)

The examinant parameters of all the above aspects that the GDWQ take into account are great in number. The final judgment for the adoption of any of the Guidelines or guideline values as national or local standards belongs to each country.

According to the 3rd edition of the Guide to Ship Sanitation (WHO, 2011), at a minimum 2 samples should be taken from each ship: one directly from the tank (sampling taps are necessary) and one at the farthest point of the distribution system (e.g. tap at the bridge deck). Also, the Guide presents the following Table 1 with examples of parameters frequently tested in potable water and their typical values.

• ISO 19458: Water quality - Sampling for microbiological analysis– Crew member involved on sampling procedure, should be properly trained and training

records should be kept

– At each sampling the following parameters should be measured ON SITE: PH, conductivity, hardness, free and total chlorine, temperature and turbidity

– Sampling kits with bottles containing sodium thiosulfate should be used

– Transport of the samples within the same day to the lab should be done, otherwise properly packed in an insulated refrigerator at a temperature of (5±3)oC should be used and to be delivered within 48h.

• Guide to Ship Sanitation: Chapter 2 Water– a minimum 2 samples should be taken from each ship: one directly from the tank (sampling

taps are necessary) and one at the farthest point of the distribution system (e.g. tap at the bridge deck).

– Even it is not related with drinking water it is proposed to test for Legionella a showerhead and 2 samples one with cold and one with hot water should be taken. As the sampling procedure is complicated only well trained personnel should be involved.

– the Guide presents the following Table 1 with examples of parameters frequently tested in potable water and their typical values.

Important Notices and Requirements

Guide to Ship Sanitation Table 1

Assumptions: 1. The properly execution of the ON SITE measurements of the following parameters: PH, conductivity, hardness, free and total chlorine, temperature and turbidity2. A properly package with samples should be prepared and the minimum time for the transportation should be kept3. It is confirmed that the drinking water it is used 25>Ts>55oC

No Parameter Test or Analysis Abbr. Units

1. Sample Temperature Ts oC

2. pH value pH unit

3. Color C unit

4. Turbidity T FTU

5. Conductivity Cond μS/cm

6. Hardness H mg/lt CaCO3 / DH

7. Iron Fe mg/lt

8. Copper Cu mg/lt

9. Zinc Zn mg/lt

10. Lead Pb mg/lt

11. Nickel Ni mg/lt

12. Cadmium Cd mg/lt

13. TPC 22oC HPC22 counts/ml


15. E.coli E.coli counts/100ml

Proposal 1 – measurements of the parameters as per Table 1 Guide to Ship Sanitation

Analysis and Report Cost: …. E/sampleTime: 5 daysSampling Kit: 50 E (includes Insulated refrigerator (x1), Plastic 1lt P.E bottle (x2), Sterile plastic 0,5lt P.E

container with preservative (x2), Ice packs (x4), Labels (x4) and Sampling instructions (x1).

Proposal 2 basic solution –Table 2 a

No Parameters Test or Analysis Abbr. Units


2. pH value pH unit

3. Color C unit

4. Turbidity T FTU



7. Calcium Ca mg/lt

8. Magnesium Mg mg/lt

9. P-Alkalinity P-alk mg/lt CaCO3 / DH

10. M-Alkalinity M-alk mg/lt CaCO3 / DH

11. Sodium Na mg/lt

12. Potassium K mg/lt

13. Chlorides Cl- mg/lt

14. Ammonium NH4+ mg/lt

15. Nitrate NO3- mg/lt

Assumptions: 1. The execution of the ON SITE measurements of the following parameters: PH, conductivity, hardness, free and total chlorine, temperature and turbidity2. A properly package with samples should be prepared and the minimum time for the transportation should be kept3. It is confirmed that the drinking water it is used 25>Ts>55oC

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Proposal 2 basic solution –Table 2 b


16. Nitrite NO2- mg/lt

17. Iron Fe mg/lt

18. Copper Cu mg/lt

19. Zinc Zn mg/lt

20. Lead Pb mg/lt

21. Nickel Ni mg/lt


23. Mercury Hg mg/lt

24. Chemical Oxygen Demand COD mg/lt O2

25. Filter 0,45μ F0.45 mg/lt



28. Total Coli forms TC counts/100ml

29. E.coli E.coli counts/100ml

30. Enterococcous Ent. counts/100ml

31. Pseudomonas Ps counts/250ml counts/250ml

Analysis and Report Cost: … E/sampleTime: 5 daysSampling Kit: 50 E (includes Insulated refrigerator (x1), Plastic 1lt P.E bottle (x2), Sterile plastic 0,5lt P.E container with preservative (x2), Ice packs (x4), Labels (x4) and Sampling instructions (x1).

REMARK: This basic proposal 2 includes the majority of the critical parameters for a proper risk assessment of the drinking water quality

Proposal 3 Extended Water Analysis –Table 3 a

Assumptions: 1. when the vessel will pass from Piraeus, it is proposed to implement an extended program for water analysis2. All samplings and measurements will executed by the us, the Chemical labs

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2. pH value pH unit


4. Color C unit

5. Turbidity T FTU

6. Chemical Oxygen Demand COD mg/lt O2

7. Filter 0,45μ F0.45 mg/lt


9. P-Alkalinity P-alk mg/lt CaCO3

10. M-Alkalinity M-alk mg/lt CaCO3

11. Calcium Ca mg/lt

12. Magnesium Mg mg/lt

13. Sodium Na mg/lt

14. Potassium K mg/lt

15. Ammonium NH4+ mg/lt

Proposal 3 Extended Water Analysis –Table 3 b

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16. Nitrate NO3- mg/lt

17. Nitrite NO2- mg/lt

18. Chloride Cl- mg/lt

19. Sulfate SO4-2 mg/lt

20. Phosphate PO4-3 mg/lt

21. Fluoride F- mg/lt


23. Tin Sn mg/lt

24. Cobalt Co mg/lt

25. Manganese Mn mg/lt

26. Molybdenum Mo mg/lt

27. Lead Pb mg/lt

28. Nickel Ni mg/lt

29. Iron Fe mg/lt

30. Mercury Hg mg/lt

31. Copper Cu mg/lt

32. Chromium total Cr mg/lt

33. Chromium Cr+6 Cr+6 mg/lt

Proposal 3 Extended Water Analysis –Table 3 c

Analysis and Report Cost: …… E/sampleTime: 15 days

REMARK: This extended proposal 3 includes almost all of the critical parameters for a Safe risk assessment of the drinking water quality and gives you predictions about the quality of vessels’ systems and network


35. Oil & grease O&G mg/lt

36. Nitrogen – Organic N-Kj mg/lt

37. Phenols PhOH mg/lt

38. Anionic Surfactants as MBAS MBAS mg/lt

39. Polychlorinated Biphenyls PCBs mg/lt

40. Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons PAH mg/lt

41. TPC 22oC HPC22 Counts/ml

42. TPC 37oC HPC37 Counts/ml

43. Total Coli forms TC Counts/100ml

44. E.coli E.coli Counts/100ml

45. Enterococcous Ent. Counts/100ml

46. Pseudomonas Ps Counts/250ml

47. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Ps aer. Counts/250ml

- Sample Label to be fulfilled by crew members involved to sampling- All sample should be delivered on time to our Lab:

Additional Info

1. As it is required by the standard ISO 19458 “Water Quality – Sampling for Microbiological Analysis” a training of selected crew member concerning the sampling procedures, should be done. The cost of a 2h program including theoretical, practical training and certification is: …. E

2. The cost of each sampling kit analyzed as follows:1. Isolated refrigerator: 30 E2. The sampling bottles for 2 samples: 20 E

1. Plastic 1lt P.E bottle (x2)2. Sterile plastic 0,5lt P.E container with preservative (x2)3. Ice packs (x4) 4. Labels (x4)5. Sampling instructions (x1).In case the isolated refrigerator will reused then the cost of the sampling kit will be only 20 E

THANK YOU

We remain at your disposal for any additional clarification. An official offer will be submitted to you attached with the this presentation

Marine ChemistSarvanidis Simos Mail: [email protected]: +30 6948888118

Quality of drinking water in ships wo cost r3 june 2012

Technology

water quality sampling

potable water

drinkingwater qualitygdwq

following parameters

hot water

extended water analysis

following table

sampling procedure