Introduction to R3-SAP R3 ABAP4 Training

Introduction to SAP R/3 and ABAP/4

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Presentation Overview

• Objectives– To introduce audience to ERP

– To make audience aware of enterprise architecture

– To introduce audience to SAP R/3 application and modules

– To make audience aware of the concepts and architecture of R/3

– Give a brief introduction of some basic concepts of SAP R/3

• Pre-Requisites– Knowledge of open systems, client-server and 3 tier architecture

– Brief idea of enterprise structure would be an advantage

Presentation Overview

• Contents– Enterprise Architecture– History of SAP– SAP Modules– SAP’s Market Share– Overview of client server concepts– SAP R/3 System Architecture– Application Server Architecture– Overview of Presentation & Database Servers– SAP R/3 Conceptual Areas– Platforms and Databases supported by R/3– SAP R/3 Transaction Model– Basic SAP R/3 and ABAP/4 concepts– Introduction to ABAP/4– Introduction to Open SQL

• Demo– Presentation layer– Login and sessions– Transaction model

Enterprise Architecture

• Why Enterprise Architecture ?– Numerous disparate information systems, developed individually over time

– Integrating the data becomes costly - time, money, resources

– Inconsistencies and duplication of data

– Lack of timely information

– An integrated system was the need of the hour

SalesSales

ProductionPlanning

General LedgerGeneral Ledger

PurchasingPurchasing

CustomersCustomers

VendorsVendors

InventoryInventoryShop Floor execution

A/RA/R A/PA/P

Enterprise Architecture (Contd…2)

• What is Enterprise Architecture ?– An approach to constructing integrated systems

– Faster access to consistent information about business, markets and customers

– Central enterprise definitions

– Centrally controlled business change

PP

GL

Plants

Shop Floor

Sales

HRFA

AP

AR

Purchasing

Partner Systems

Payroll

TreasuryMarketing

Mfg.

Enterprise Architecture (Contd…3)

• Benefits of Enterprise Architecture ?– Eliminates the duplication, discontinuity and redundancy in data

– Increases the return on investment made on IT implementations

– Delivers quality information designed for the Enterprise as a whole

– Faster and cheaper

– Delivers quality information to produce a quality enterprise

E R P

History of SAP

• Systems Applications and Products in Data Processing– German : Systeme, Anwendungen, Produkte in der Datenverarbeitung

• Founded in 1972 by Wellenreuther, Hopp, Hector, Plattner and Tschira– Renamed in 1977

– Before 1977 : Systems Analysis and Program Development (German : Systemanalyse und Programmentwicklung)

• SAP is both the name of both the Company and their ERP Product

• SAP system comprises of a number of fully integrated modules, which covers virtually every aspect of the business management

• Three systems developed : R/1, R/2, R/3

SAP Modules

• Financial Modules– Financial Accounting (FI), Controlling (CO), Investment Management (IM) Treasury

(TR), Enterprise Control (EC)

• Logistics Modules– Materials Management (MM), Sales and Distribution (SD), Production Planning and

Control (PP), Product Data Management (PDM), Quality Management (QM), Plant Maintenance (PM), Service Management (SM), Project System (PS)

• Human Resource Management Modules– Personnel Management, Organizational Management, Payroll Accounting, Time

Management, Personnel Development

• Cross Application Modules– Workflow (WF), Business Information Warehouse (BIW), SAP Office

SAP R/3SAP R/3

SAP Modules (Contd…2)

SAP R/3SAP R/3

FIFI

WFWF

PSPS

PMPM

WMWM

PPPP

MMMM

SDSD

HRHR

AMAM

COCO

QMQM

PP – Production Planning

WM – Warehouse Management

PM – Plant Maintenance

AM – Asset Management

PS – Project System

MM – Materials Management

SD – Sales and Distribution

QM – Quality Management

WF – Workflow

HR – Human Resources

CO – Controlling

FI – Financial Accounting

SAP Modules (Contd…3)

SAP R/3SAP R/3

FIFIFinancial AccountingFinancial Accounting

WFWFWorkflowWorkflow

PSPSProject SystemProject System

QMQMQuality ManagementQuality Management

PMPMPlant MaintenancePlant Maintenance

WMWMWarehouse ManagementWarehouse Management

PPPPProduction PlanningProduction Planning

MMMMMaterials ManagementMaterials Management

SDSDSales & DistributionSales & Distribution

HRHRHuman ResourcesHuman Resources

AMAMFixed AssetsFixed AssetsManagementManagement

COCOControllingControlling

SAP Modules (Contd…4)

• Industry Specific Solutions (ISS)

– Aerospace & Defense, Automotive, Banking, Chemicals, Consumer Products Industry, Engineering & Construction, Healthcare, High Tech & Electronics, Insurance, Oil & Gas Industry, Pharmaceuticals, Public Sector, Retail, Telecommunications, Utilities

– System modifier

– Industry specific R/3 Package

Because every business has unique business logics and processes

SAP’s Market Share

Overview of client server concepts

SAP R/3 System Architecture

• SAP R/3 is usually configured on a three-tier architecture– Presentation layer, Application Layer and Database Server

• Presentation Layer– It is just a client end interface that helps the user interact with the application server.

• Application Servers– A set of executables that collectively manage the input and the output for ABAP/4

Programs.

– If ABAP/4 program requests information from the database, the application server will format the request and send it to the database server.

• Database Servers– The database server is a set of executables that accept the requests from the

application server.

– These requests are passed to the RDBMS which sends the data back to the database server

SAP R/3 System Architecture (Contd...2)

SAP R/3 System Architecture (Contd...3)

• Server Configurations

Application Server Architecture

• Components of an application server

Application Server Architecture (Contd…2)

• Roll-in / Roll-out Processing

Roll AreaPointers to

Roll Area

Application Server Architecture (Contd...3)

• Components of a Work Process

Overview of Presentation & Database Servers

• The Presentation Server– GUI only

– At workstation

– Very light

– Sends requests to application server

– Obtains screens from application server and displays

• The Database Server– Interface between application server and RDBMS

– Also holds the vendor specific DB driver

SAP R/3 Conceptual Areas

• Application Area– Initiate and execute SAP transactions

• Basis Area– The technical administration of the system

• Development Area– A developer’s workbench

– Create & Test ABAP/4 programs

Platforms and Databases supported by R/3

Operating Systems Supported Hardware Supported Front ends Supported Databases

AIX SINIX IBM SNI SUN Win 3.1/ 95 / NT DB2 for AIX

SOLARIS HP-UX Digital HP OSF / Motif Informix – Online

Digital Unix Bull OS/2

Macintosh

Oracle 7.1

ADABAS D

Windows NT AT&T Compaq

Bull / Zenith

HP (Intel) SNI

IBM (Intel)

Digital (Intel)

Data-General

Win 3.1 / 95 / NT

OSF / Motif

OS/2

Macintosh

Oracle 7.1

SQL Server 6.0

ADABAS D

OS/400 AS/400 Win 95 OS/2 DB2/400

SAP R/3 Transaction Model

• All steps of a business procedure is modeled as a transaction.

• Dialog driven set of programs and screens

• Identified using a Transaction code

• Can be executed both online as well as at background

Basic SAP R/3 and ABAP/4 concepts

• The Logon Client– 3 digit number ( 000 to 999)

– Helps maintain independent sets of data within the same R/3 system

• Client mechanism and handling

Basic SAP R/3 and ABAP/4 concepts (Contd…2)

• Data Buffering– At application server by database interface

• ABAP/4 Objects– Components of runtime environment

– Client dependent / independent / both

• Activation– On/Off mechanism

• ABAP/4 Dictionary– Meta-Data within R/3

– Integrated with Development Workbench

– Data Dictionary (DDIC)

– Accessed by workbench components

Basic SAP R/3 and ABAP/4 concepts (Contd…3)

• Namespace and Naming Conventions– Reserved name ranges for customer and SAP objects

– Prevents overwrite during upgrades and patches

– Y* & Z* reserved for custom objects

• Development Class & Local Objects– Logical grouping of ABAP/4 Objects

– Local Objects $TMP

• Transports and Version Management– Records new and changed objects

– Both customizing as well as repository objects

– Organized using TMS and CTO

– Local objects cannot be transported

DEV PRDQ/A

A typical R/3 landscape

Introduction to ABAP/4

• Advanced Business Application Programming

• SAP Proprietary 4GL for R/3

• Wide functionalities

• Multiple dialects– Data processing, word processing, screen processing

• Block-Structured

• Has an OO-Extension

• Byte-Compiled code– Generation generated form / runtime object– Interpreted by ABAP/4 Interpreter at runtime

• Very powerful

Introduction to Open SQL

• A subset & variation of ANSI SQL

• SAP Proprietary

• Easy and Powerful

• Open SQL -> Work Process (DB Interface) -> Native SQL

• Advantages– Portability

– Buffering the data on Application Server

– Automatic Client Handling

Introduction to Open SQL (Contd…2)

Demo

• Its demo time…

• Presentation Layer– Dynamic Menu

– Menu Bar

– Tool Bar

– Command Prompt

• Transactions and Sessions

Refreshers

• What is enterprise architecture ?

• Who is the leading vendor in the ERP domain ?

• Why does SAP provide different ERP solutions to different industrial verticals ?

• What are the 3 layers of the R/3 Architecture ?

• What are the components of a work process ?

• What is an instance ?

• What is an user context ?

Refreshers (Contd…2)

• What is the advantage of the SAP “Logon Client" concept ?

• What are the 3 conceptual areas of a SAP system ?

• What is a transaction ?

• Are ABAP/4 objects Client dependent or Client Independent ?

• What is a development class ?

• What is a local object ?

• What is transportation ?

• What are the advantages of Open SQL ?

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