PY212 Electricity and Magnetism

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PY212Electricity and Magnetism

I. Electrostatics

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I-1 Electric Charge

• Why Electrostatics?

• Demonstration of Electrostatic Effects.

• The Electric Charge and its Properties.

• The Coulomb’s Law.

• Some Applications of the C. L.

• Electric Field and Electric Intensity

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I-2 Gauss’ Law

• The Electric Flux.• The Gauss’ Law.• The Charge Density.• Use the G. L. to calculate the field of a

• A Point Charge• An Infinite Uniformly Charged Wire• An Infinite Uniformly Charged Plane• Two Infinite Charged Planes

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I-3 Electric Potential

• Conservative Fields.

• The Existence of the Electric Potential.

• Work done on Charge in Electrostatic Field.

• Relations of the Potential and Intensity.

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I-4 Electric Fields

• Relation of the Potential and Intensity

• The Gradient

• Electric Field Lines and Equipotential Surfaces.

• Motion of Charged Particles in Electrostatic Fields.

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I-5 Special Electrostatic Fields

• Electric Charge and Field in Conductors.

• The Field of the Electric Dipole.

• Behavior of E. D. in External Electric Field.

• Examples of Some Important Fields.

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I-6 Capacitance and Capacitors

• An Example of Storing a Charge.

• Capacity x Voltage = Charge.

• Various Types of Capacitors.

• Capacitors in Series.

• Capacitors in Parallel.

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I-7 Electric Energy Storage and Dielectrics

• Electric Energy Storage.

• Inserting a Conductor into a Capacitor.

• Inserting a Dielectric into a Capacitor.

• Microscopic Description of Dielectrics

• Concluding Remarks to Electrostatics.

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II. Electro-kinetics

Stationary Electric Currents

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II–1 Ohm’s Law

• Charges Move - Electric Currents

• Power Sources

• The Ohm’s Law

• Resistance and Resistors

• Transfer of Charge, Energy and Power

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II–2 Microscopic View of Electric Currents

• The Resistivity and Conductivity.

• Conductors, Semiconductors and Insulators.

• The Speed of Moving Charges.

• The Ohm’s Law in Differential Form.

• The Classical Theory of Conductivity.

• The Temperature Dependence of Resistivity

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II–3 DC Circuits I

• Resistors in Series and Parallel.

• Resistor Networks.

• General Topology of Circuits.

• Kirchhoff’s Laws – Physical Meaning.

• The Use of the Kirchhoff’s Laws.

• The superposition principle.

• The Use of the Loop Currents Method.

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II–4 DC Circuits II

• Real Power Sources.

• Building DC Voltmeters and Ammeters.

• Using DC Voltmeters and Ammeters.

• Wheatstone Bridge.

• Charging Accumulators.

• The Thermocouple.

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III. Magnetism

Fields produced mostly by moving charges acting on moving charges.

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III–1 Magnetic Fields

• Introduction into Magnetism.

• Permanent Magnets and Magnetic Fields.

• Magnetic Induction.

• Electric Currents Produce Magnetic Fields.

• Forces on Electric Currents.

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III–2 Magnetic Fields Due to Currents

• Forces on Moving Electric Charges

• Biot-Savart Law

• Ampere’s Law.

• Calculation of Some Magnetic Fields.

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III–3 Magnetic Dipoles

• Magnetic Dipoles• The Fields they Produce

• Their Behavior in External Magnetic Fields

• Calculation of Some Magnetic Fields• Solenoid

• Toroid

• Thick Wire with Current

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III–4 Application of Magnetic Fields

• Applications of Lorentz Force• Currents are Moving Charges• Moving Charges in El. & Mag.• Specific charge Measurements• The Story of the Electron.• The Mass Spectroscopy.• The Hall Effect.• Accelerators

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III–5 Magnetic Properties of Materials

• Introduction to Magnetic Properties

• Magnetism on the Microscopic Scale.

• Diamagnetism.

• Paramagnetism.

• Ferromagnetism.

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IV. Electromagnetic Induction

Further relations between electric and magnetic fields

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IV–1 Faraday’s Law

• Introduction into Electro-magnetism.

• Faraday’s Experiment.

• Moving Conductive Rod.

• Faraday’s Law.

• Lenz’s Law.

• Examples

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IV–2 Inductance

• Transporting Energy.

• Counter Torque, EMF and Eddy Currents.

• Self Inductance

• Mutual Inductance

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IV–3 Energy of Magnetic Field

• Transformers

• Energy of Magnetic Field

• Energy Density of Magnetic Field

• An RC Circuit

• An RL Circuit

• An RLC Circuit - Oscilations

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V. Alternating Currents

Voltages and currents may vary in time.

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V–1 Alternating Voltages and Currents

• Introduction into Alternating Currents.

• Mean Values

• Harmonic Currents.

• Phase Shift

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V–2 AC Circuits

• Power in AC Circuits.

• R, L and C in AC Circuits. Impedance.

• Description using Phasors.

• Generalized Ohm’s Law.

• Serial RC, RL and RLC AC Circuits.

• Parallel RC, RL and RLC AC Circuits.

• The Concept of the Resonance.

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VI. Electromagnetic Waves

All the important physics in electromagnetism can be expressed in Maxwell’s Equations with interesting

consequences.

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VI–1 Maxwell’s Equations

• Generalized Ampères Law.

• Maxwell’s Equations.

• Production of Electromagnetic Waves.

• Electromagnetic Waves Qualitatively.

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VI–2 Electromagnetic Waves

• Properties of Electromagnetic Waves:• Relations of E and B.

• The speed of Light c.

• Energy Transport S.

• Radiation Pressure P.

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VII. Optics

Originally: Properties and Use of Light.

Now: Much More General.

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VII–1 Introduction into Geometrical Optics

• Introduction into Optics.

• Margins of Geometrical Optics.

• Fundamentals of Geometrical Optics.

• Ideal Optical System.

• Fermat’s Principle.

• Reflection and Reflection Optics.

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VII–2 Basic Optical Elements and Instruments

• Refraction, Dispersion and Refraction Optics.

• Thin Lenses. Types and Properties.

• Combination of Lenses.

• Basic Optical Instruments• Human Eye

• Magnifying Glass

• Telescope

• Microscope

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VII–3 Introduction into Wave Optics

• Huygens’ Principle and Coherence.• Interference

• Double Slit• Thin Film

• Diffraction• Single Slit• Gratings• X-Rays, Bragg Equation.• Wave Limits of Geometrical Optics.

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