1 Janet Belsky’s Experiencing the Lifespan, 2e Chapter 8 Physical Development Meredyth Fellows, West Chester University of PA Puberty Puberty: all the hormonal and physical changes that contribute to sexual maturity. Takes on an average of five years and today is typically an early teenage change. Puberty rite Secular Trend Menarche and Spermarche Puberty Trends The Secular Trend The regular decline in the age of puberty (signaled by menarche) in developing countries. In 1830, the average age of menarche in Northern Europe was over 17. Today, the age has fallen to under 13. The Hormonal Programmers Two Systems: Androgens - produced by adrenal glands Promote growth of hair; influence skin changes; program sexual desire. Androgens begin secretion in middle childhood. HPG Axis (Hypothalamic, Pituitary, Gonad) Main system programming the body changes. Hypothalamus triggers the pituitary to secrete its hormones, which in turn, triggers the gonads to secrete their hormones, which produce major body changes.
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1
Janet Belsky’s
Experiencing the Lifespan, 2e
Chapter 8
Physical Development
Meredyth Fellows, West Chester University of PA
Puberty
�Puberty: all the hormonal and physical
changes that contribute to sexual maturity.
�Takes on an average of five years and today
is typically an early teenage change.
�Puberty rite
�Secular Trend
�Menarche and Spermarche
Puberty Trends
The Secular Trend
�Th
e re
gula
r dec
line
in
the
age
of p
uber
ty
(sig
nale
d by
men
arch
e)
in d
evel
opin
g co
untri
es.
�In 1830, the average
age of menarche in
Northern Europe was
over 17.
�Today, the age has
fallen to under 13.
The Hormonal Programmers
�Two Systems:
�Androgens-produced by adrenal glands
�Promote growth of hair; influence skin changes;
program sexual desire.
�Androgens begin secretion in middle childhood.
�HPG Axis (Hypothalamic, Pituitary, Gonad)
�Main system programming the body changes.
�Hypothalamus triggers the pituitary to secrete its
hormones, which in turn, triggers the gonadsto
secrete their hormones, which produce major body
changes.
2
The Hormonal Programmers
�Gonads
�Testes: testosterone
�Ovaries: estrogen
�Adrenal androgens (testes and estrogen)
found in both sexes
�program sexual desire and skin and
bodily hair growth
Classifying the Physical
Changes
�Primary Sexual Characteristics
�Changes directly involved in reproduction
�Growth of uterus, maturation of the ovaries, onset