Psychology 101 Chapter 5 Learning

5.1 IntroductionL01 Define learning

5.2 Overview: Three Types of Learning

5.3 Classical Conditioning

5.4 Operant Conditioning

5.5 Cognitive Learning

Learning

5.1 Introduction

Bart the bear learned 45 behaviors from the use of specific learning principles.

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Overview: Three Types of LearningL02 Define associative and nonassociative learning, and give examples of each

5.3 Classical Conditioning

5.4 Operant Conditioning

5.5 Cognitive Learning

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Overview: Three Types of Learning

5.3 Classical ConditioningL03 Describe Pavlov’s experiment of classical conditioningL04 Define the terms in classical conditioning and explain its processL05 Describe Watson’s experiment of classical conditioningL06 Identify examples of conditioned emotional responsesL07 Explain how classically conditioned responses can be “unconditioned”L08 Discuss the adaptive value of classical conditioning

5.4 Operant Conditioning

5.5 Cognitive Learning

Classical Conditioning

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5.3 Classical Conditioning

GENERALIZATION

Related Concepts

5.3 Classical Conditioning

DISCRIMINATION

EXTINCTIONSPONTANEOUS

RECOVERY

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Little Albert and the White Rat

5.3 Classical Conditioning

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Systematic Desensitization

5.3 Classical Conditioning

STEP 1Learning to Relax

STEP 2Making an Anxiety Hierarchy

STEP 3Imagining and Relaxing8. Vomiting

7. Feeling nausea6. Receiving injection5. In treatment room4. Smelling chemicals3. In waiting room2. Entering clinic1. Driving to clinic

Most Stressful

Adaptive Values – Taste Aversion

5.3 Classical Conditioning

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5.1 Introduction

5.2 Overview: Three Types of Learning

5.3 Classical Conditioning

5.4 Operant ConditioningL09 Describe Thorndike’s experiments that led to the law of effect and Skinner’s

experiment that led to operant conditioningL010 Describe shaping, superstitious behavior, generalization, discrimination,

extinction, and spontaneous recoveryL011 Identify and describe the different types of consequences to behaviorL012 Identify and describe the different schedules of reinforcementL013 Explain behavior modification and identify some of its applicationsL014 Distinguish between operant and classical conditioning

5.5 Cognitive Learning

Operant Conditioning

5.4 Operant Conditioning

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Shaping

5.4 Operant Conditioning

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

Types of Consequences

5.4 Operant Conditioning

This man will fall on his head (consequence) if he cuts off the tree limb (behavior).

The trainer gave Bart the bear an apple immediately after he

performed a desirable behavior Taking an aspirin in

response to a headache

Reinforcement

5.4 Operant Conditioning

POSITIVE REINFORCER NEGATIVE REINFORCER

Using chocolate as a reward for studying for 2 hours

A school teacher rewards students for eating their vegetables by giving

them a reward coupon

PRIMARY REINFORCER SECONDARY REINFORCER

Types of Reinforcers

5.4 Operant Conditioning

A school in Massachusetts requires students to wear backpacks that can apply

a shock to the student if they engage in dangerous or prohibited behavior

In time-out, the reinforcing stimulus being removed is the freedom to play

POSITIVE PUNISHMENT NEGATIVE PUNISHMENT

Punishment

5.4 Operant Conditioning

Schedules of ReinforcementContinuous Reinforcement

5.4 Operant Conditioning

Continuous Reinforcement means you can’t skip the reward even once.

Partial Reinforcement Schedules

5.4 Operant Conditioning

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Biofeedback

5.4 Operant Conditioning

A machine that gives video or audio biofeedback is used by attaching sensors to the patient’s head that detect muscle tension.

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Overview: Three Types of Learning

5.3 Classical Conditioning

5.4 Operant Conditioning

5.5 Cognitive LearningL015 Define cognitive learningL016 Describe Tolman’s cognitive map and Bandura’s social cognitive learningL017 Describe Bandura’s Bobo doll experimentL018 Identify the four processes in Bandura’s social cognitive theory that contribute

to learningL019 Describe insight learning and explain how Sultan the chimp demonstrated insight

Social Cognitive Learning

5.5 Cognitive Learning

Tony Hawk learned how to skateboard through observation and imitation, which involved unobservable mental processes.

Tolman’s Cognitive Map

5.5 Cognitive Learning

Start

Food

Edward Tolman devised an experiment using rats to explore hidden mental processes.

Bandura – Social Cognitive Learning

5.5 Cognitive Learning

Albert Bandura found that humans learned while observing and that much, if not most, of human learning takes place through observation.

Observational Learning

5.5 Cognitive Learning

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Observational Learning

5.5 Cognitive Learning

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Bandura’s Social Cognitive Learning

5.5 Cognitive Learning

In this photo a non-frightened person (the model) is holding

a spider while the observer is obviously showing fear.

Insight Learning

5.5 Cognitive Learning

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