Psikologi Umum Hearing and Balance

7/30/2019 Psikologi Umum Hearing and Balance

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Auditory System


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Click to edit Master subtitle style

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Movie 3

:

Annisa Rahmah Wibowo Lintang Rahayu / 1206213391 M. Nor Dhani

Nisrina A. Larasati /1206271542 Ria Cyntia Dewi / 1206213095


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Hearing andBalance

Deskripsi Teori

Ringkasan Isi Film

Deskripsi FilmMenurut Teori

Aplikasi dalamKehidupan Sehari-

hari

Kesimpulan


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THE EAR:HEARING AND BALANCE

Structure of the Ear

The outer (external) ear consists of the auricle (pinna) and theexternal auditory canal, which is lined with skin bearing hairs,sebaceous glands, and ceruminous glands

The middle ear, or tympanic cavity, is a small, air-filled,

mucosa-lined cavity in the petrous portion of the temporalbone

It is spanned by the auditory ossicles

The inner (internal) ear has two major divisions: the bonylabyrinth and the membranous labyrinth

The vestibule is the central cavity of the bony labyrinth with twomembranous sacs suspended in the perilymph, the saccule and theutricle

The semicircular canals project from the posterior aspect of thevestibule, each containing an equilibrium receptor region called acrista ampullaris

The spiral, snail-shaped cochlea extends from the anterior part ofthe vestibule and contains the cochlear duct, which houses thespiral organ of Corti, the receptors for hearing


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Physiology of Hearing

Properties of Sound

Sound is a pressure disturbance produced by a

vibrating object and propagated by the molecules ofthe medium

Frequency is the number of waves that pass a givenpoint in a given time

Amplitude, or height, of the wave reveals a sounds

intensity (loudness)

Airborne sound entering the external auditorycanal strikes the tympanic membrane and setsit vibrating

The resonance of the basilar membranerocesses sound si nals mechanicall before


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Physiology of Hearing

Transduction of sound stimuli occurs after thetrapped stereocilia of the hair cells are

deflected by localized movements of thebasilar membrane

Impulses generated in the cochlea passthrough the spiral ganglia, along the afferent

fibers of the cochlear nerve to the cochlearnuclei of the medulla, to the superior olivarynucleus, to the inferior colliculus, and finally tothe auditory cortex

Auditory processing involves perception ofpitch, detection of loudness, and localization of


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Homeostatic Imbalances of hearing

Deafness is any hearing loss, no matterhow slight

Tinnitus is a ringing or clicking sound inthe ears in the absence of auditorystimuli

Menieres syndrome is a labyrinthdisorder that causes a person to sufferrepeated attacks of vertigo, nausea, andvomiting


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Mechanisms of Equilibrium and Orientation The equilibrium sense responds to various

head movements and depends on input fromthe inner ear, vision, and information from

stretch receptors of muscles and tendons The sensory receptors for static equilibrium are

the maculae

The receptor for dynamic equilibrium is the

crista ampullaris, found in the ampulla of thesemicircular canals and activated by headmovement

Information from the balance receptors goesdirectly to reflex centers in the brain stem,

rather that to the cerebral cortex


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Transmission of

SoundTransmissionof sound:Airborne soundexternal auditorycanaltympanicmembranehammer, anvil,stirrupovalwindowvestubularcochlearnervecochlear nuclei in medulla

superior oliveup the lateralleminiscusinferiorcolliculusprimary auditory cortex in

the temporal lobe


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SOUND


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FREQUENCY/AMPLITUDE


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SOUND WAVES


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AUDITORY PATHWAY


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PATHWAYS OF BALANCE ANDORIENTATION SYSTEM


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Ringkasan Isi Film


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Teori

TeoriTempatPendengaran(placementTeory)

Teori

Frekuen

si

(Frequen

cyTeory)

Deskripsi Film Berdasarkan Teori


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Teori frekuensi adalah teori yangmenjelaskan bahwa keseluruhan

membran basilar bertindak sebagaimicrophone, bergetar sebagai suatu

keseluruhan sebagai respons terhadapsuatu suara.


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Teori Tempat Pendengaran (placementteory) adalah teori yang menyebutkan

bahwa area yang berbeda dari

membran basilar merespons frekuensiyang berbeda pula. Teori ini

memberikan penjelasan yang baik

tentang penginderaan suara-suaraberfrekuensi tinggi.


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Aplikasi dalam KehidupanSehari-hari

Aplikasi kode M dan L di headset

Fokus suara siulan, suara klaksondan suara klik

Keseimbangan penggunaan tangankiri dan kanan

Korelasi antara pendengaran dankeseimbangan

Kepekaan terhadap frekuensi yang

berbeda berubah sesuai dengan


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EFFECT OF GRAVITATIONALPULL ON A MACULA RECEPTOR


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Kesimpulan


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Terimakasih

Psikologi Umum Hearing and Balance

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