Project on Narega

7/29/2019 Project on Narega

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A ASSIGNMENT

ON

MGNREGA

BY

CHANDAN KUMAR

08DDEC256

The Faculty Of Science And TechnologyDehradun


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A ASSIGNMENT

ON

MAHATMA GANDHI NATIONAL

RURLAL EMPLOYMENT GRANATEE ACT

By

CHANDAN KUMAR

Submitted to:

Mr. P.C Rao

Instructor-In-charge

(DOSC)

A assignment submitted in partial fulfillment of course

requirement (HS-201) Dynamics of Social Change.


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Would like to express my gratitude to Prof. R. C. Ramola, Centre Head

ICFAI TECH, Dehradun for allowing me to take up this course on

DYNAMICS OF SOCIAL CHANGE.

I am also thankful to Dr. P C Rao, Instructor-In-Charge of Dynamics of

social change, for giving useful knowledge and clarifying on writing

good assignment and above all for giving me this opportunity to present

my work with this report.

Above all, I am grateful to my colleagues, who encouraged me at every

step of preparing this assignment and also have helped me in gathering

the data for this report.


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Introduction

The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, (NREGA) was notified

on September 7, 2005 with the objective to enhance livelihood securityin rural areas by providing at least 100 days of guaranteed wage

employment in a financial year to every household whose adult

members volunteer to do unskilled manual work. The Act came into

force on February 2nd; 2006 and was implemented in phased manner. In

the first phase it was introduced in 200 most backward districts of the

country. It was then extended to additional 130 districts in the financial

year 2007-2008. From the current financial year, the Act was extended

to cover all the districts, with the exception of districts that have a

hundred percent urban population.

Giving a statutory framework to wage employment programmes

Based on the experience of these programmes, the National Rural

Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) was enacted to reinforce the

commitment towards livelihood security in rural areas. The Act was

notified on 7th

September, 2005. The significance of NREGA lies in the

fact that it creates a right- based framework for wage employment

programmes and makes the Government legally accountable for

providing employment to those who ask for it. In this way, the

legislation goes beyond providing a social safety net towards

guaranteeing the right to employment.


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National Rural Employment Guarantee Act

Guaranteeing the Right to Work

Objectives

To provide legal guarantee for 100 days of wage

employment to every household in the rural areas of the country each

year.

To combine the twin goals of providing employment and asset creationin rural areas.

Salient Features

a)First such effort in the world to provide legal guarantee for theRight to Work.

b)Covers all districts of the country.

c)All rural households in rural areas, whose adult members volunteerto do unskilled manual work eligible.

d)Job card under the Act is the right of every rural household willingto work on NREGA and applies for it.

e)Choice of works done through village level plans and 50% or moreof work to be executed by panchayati raj institutions.


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f) Work focuses on areas like water conservation, land development,provision of irrigation facility on private land of people below the

poverty line, rural connectivity etc.

g)Contractors banned in NREGA works.

h)Payment made through post office and bank accounts.

i) Unemployment allowance to be paid if Government unable toprovide jobs within 15 days of application.

j) All muster rolls put up on the internet.

k)Social audit made mandatory.

Communication of Nrega

Awareness generation through Information, Education andCommunication ( IEC ) For people to know their rights under the Act,

effective communication of information about the Act and Scheme is

essential.

Planning

Planning is critical to the successful implementation of the Rural

Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS). A key indicator of success is

the timely generation of employment within 15 days while ensuring thatthe design and selection of works are such that good quality assets are

developed. The need to act within a time limit necessitates advance

planning.

The basic aim of the planning process is to ensure that the District is

prepared well in advance to offer productive employment on demand.


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Application for work

Applications for work should generally be submitted to the Gram

Panchayat. In addition, as prescribed by the Act (Schedule II, Section 9),workers should have the option of submitting an application directly to

the Programmer Officer, but this should be treated as a fallback option

only.

Applications should be given in writing and should include:

a)the registration number of the Job Card;

b) the date from which employment is required; andc)the number of days of employment required.

Time-bound employment

The Gram Panchayat/Programme Officer shall be responsible for

providing wage employment to the applicant within 15 days of the dateof receipt of the application in the case of advance applications,

employment will be provided from the date that employment has been

sought, or within 15 days of the date of application, whichever

is later.

Gram Panchayat is unable to provide employment within 15 days, it will

be the responsibility of the Programme Officer to do so. The

employment allotted by the Programme Officer will be intimated to the

Gram Panchayat and vice versa.


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Works and their Execution

Permissible works

The intention of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act

(NREGA) is to provide a basic employment guarantee in rural areas.

The Act indicates the kinds of works that may be taken up for this

purpose. As per Schedule I of the Act, the focus of the National Rural

Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS) shall be on the following

works:

a)water conservation and water harvesting;b)drought proofing, including afforestation and tree plantation;c)irrigation canals, including micro and minor irrigation works;d)provision of irrigation facility, plantation, horticulture, land

development to land owned by households belonging to the SC/ST,

or to land of the beneficiaries of land reforms, or to land of the

beneficiaries under the Indira Awas Yojana/BPL families.

e)renovation of traditional water bodies, including de-silting of

tanks;f) land development;g)sflood-control and protection works, including drainage in

waterlogged areas;

The wagematerial ratio

The ratio of wage costs to material costs should be no less than the

minimum norm of 60:40 stipulated in the Act. This ratio should beapplied preferably at the Gram Panchayat, Block and District levels.The

cost of tools and implements may be booked under the material

component of the Project. State Governments should devise a

mechanism for transparent method of procurement of materials to be

used under NREGA.


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Payment of wages And unemployment Allowance

Payment of wages

a)Every person working under the Scheme shall be entitled to wagesat the minimum wage rate fixed by the State Government (or the

competent authority concerned) for agricultural labourers under the

Minimum Wages Act, 1948, unless the wages have been notified

by the Central Government under Section 6(1) of the Act.

b) Equal wages shall be paid to both men and women workers, andthe provisions of the Equal Remuneration Act, 1976 shall be

complied with.

c) The State Government may provide for a portion of the wages tobe paid to the labourers on a daily basis during the period of

employment.


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Unemployment allowance

a)If a worker who has applied for work under NREGA is notprovided employment within 15 days from the date on which work

is requested, an unemployment allowance shall be payable by the

State Government at the rate prescribed in the Act.This entitlement

comes into effect as soon as the Act is notified in a particular

District or area.

b)The Programme Officer shall be responsible for the prompt

payment of unemployment allowances throughout the Block.

Records to be Maintained

s/n. Name of Register Level at which Register is to be maintaind

1. Muster Roll Issue Register Gram Panchayat

2. Muster Roll Issue RegisterImplementing Agency other than Gram

Panchayat

3. Job Card Application Register Gram Panchayat/ Programme Officer

4. Employment Register Gram Panchayat/ Programme Officer

5. Works RegisterProgramme Officer/Gram Panchayat/other

Implementing Agencies

6. Complaint RegisterProgramme Officer/DPC/ Gram Panchayats/other Implementing Agencies

7.Monthly Allotment and Utilization

Certificate Watch Register

DPC/ Programme Officer/ Gram

Panchayat/Other Implementing Agencies


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Technical resource Support for quality

Implementing NREGS is a multifaceted task requiring the concerted

efforts of many agencies.

Ensuring quality in all aspects of its implementation is the key concern.

1.Technical resource networkAt the Central level, the Technical Secretariat set up in the Ministry of

Rural Development as part of the Central Council will facilitate the

infusion of professional resources to assist in establishing information

systems, developing IEC resources, setting quality standards,monintoring and evaluation, review of social audit systems,

The State Governments may also facilitate technical resource support to

the Implementing Agencies, especially at the District level . This may

include the following measures.

2.Accredited engineersa)The State Government may constitute panels of accredited

engineers at the District and Block levels for the purpose of

assisting with the estimation and measurement of works.

b)The District Programme Coordinator, the Programme Officer,PRIs and other Implementing Agencies may engage the services of

accredited engineers of their choice for any NREGS work.

c)The State Government shall prescribe the minimum qualificationsof accredited engineers and the procedures for accreditation as well

as cancellation of such accreditation.

TECHNICAL RESOURCE SUPPORT FOR QUALITY

80 THE NATIONAL RURAL EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE ACT, 2005


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The State Government shall fix the rates to be paid to accredited

engineers in cases where they are not Government servants. Sam Vikas

Yojana.

3.Technical resource systemsThe State Government may also consider setting up Technical Resource

Support systems at the State and District levels to assist in the planning,

designing, monitoring, evaluation and quality audit of various initiatives.

For this purpose, it is suggested that Resource Institutions be identified

by the State Government concerned. A panel of institutions/agencies for

technical resource support may also be prepared.

4.District technical agenciesPossible functions of the Technical Resource Support Groups at the

District level Include. Identify effective labour-intensive technologies

for water conservation, water harvesting,drought proofing, flood control,

all-weather rural connectivity and other works appropriate for the

District and various climatic regions of the District.

Convergence

Convergence/dovetailing with other Programmes

Convergence of the NREGA funds with funds from other sources for the

creation of durable assets is permissible. However, care must be taken to

ensure that NREGA funds do not substitute for resources from other

sectors or schemes. NREGA fundsare intended to create additional

employment; this will not happen if the employment currently generatedby other programmes is displaced by the NREGS.

All initiatives of convergence will be within the parameters of NREGA,

especially the need to design labour-intensive works and the need to

ensure that there is a complete ban on contractors.


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Example

NREGA in Pratapgarh

The National Rural Employment Act-2005 (NREGA) is a Peoples Act

towards the realization of the right to work. Its main motive is to provide

a legal guarantee at least 100 days of employment to every rural

household whose adult members are willing to do unskilled manual

labour through which it is expected to enhance peoples livelihood on a

sustained basis by developing the economic and social infrastructure in

rural areas.

National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme has been launched in the

first phase on 2 February 2006 in the district Pratapgarh (UP) along with

22 other districts of the State.

Wall Writing on Govt. Building Display Board at Work Site Distt-

Pratapgarh. UP

General Awareness at Village Level Distt- Pratapgarh. UP


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Pond Construction GP- Lakhanpur Soor Block-Sangipur

Distt- Pratapgarh. UP

Bandha Construction GP- Jogapur Block-Sadar


Kachha SM Construction GP- Chakadarali Block-Kunda



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District Sultanpura, Andhra Pradesh

Sultanpura is a drought prone district in Andhra Pradesh with very few

employment opportunities. When NREGA was first announced in thevillage, people took time to be convinced of it.

Applications were made in large numbers. Job Cards were made. The

Self Help Groups (SHGs) were also involved. 1300 people were

included in the SHG in the area. They were actively involved in

several developmental programmes in the village. After receiving Job

Cards, applications were given for work.

In the Gram Sabah people put forth their demand for work. All the

demands were submitted to the Panchyat Secretary, who in turn sent it to

the Block Office for approval. The Block Office approved the works.

One of the works approved was constriction of a check dam to improve

irrigation. The work was divided into groups. Each group did a different

kind of work. A first aid kit was available at the worksite. There was

creche facility for children. Muster Rolls were maintained.

Yashoda, a laborer at the worksite was happy. Earlier she used to get Rs.

50. Now she gets Rs. 100.Even the physically handicapped were getting

work. People were able to send their children to school.

On Saturdays measurements are done to ascertain the amount of work.

Demand drafts are sent to the Sultanpur post office and deposited in the

accounts of the workers who can withdraw the cash when needed. The

people in Sultanpur now enthusiastically participate in NREGA andconsider it as their programmme.


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DRAW-BACKS

First drawbacks of the NREG scheme, the decision on the project andthe process to be undertaken seems to be arbitrarily done.

For example in the pond project the silt which was removed were put

beside the pond bunds itself which would flow back into the pond during

the next torrential monsoon rain. Ideally the whole pond should be

provided with a stone embankment which is plastered so that it can last

for few years. Thus may be the wells would not be fortunate the next

summer. The next project is to widen a "thoodu" (a small stream) which

ask anyone in the village including the workers is considered a waste of

money.

Second drawback seems to be that it is having serious effects on the

agriculture. This has caused lack of people during the harvesting season

and an unplanned increase in the cost of production. I think this is now

the last straw in making at least paddy cultivation unrenumerative. Inaddition to general productivity decrease this could further reduce the

output. One better option would be to have a framework where by all the

marginal land holdings are pooled together as a pool and then it is

cultivated under NREGS and the output is bought by the government

itself through FCI. The money is given to the owner of the land after

deducting the subsidized employee cost. This can be the masterstroke to

improve the agriculture productivity and a better way to target fertilizerand power subsidy to agriculture. As this is what 60% of Indian

population are doing and are good at. This now takes off one major

drawback of land segmentation and harvest sales.


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SUGGESTION

1.How will the wages be calculated?The worker can be paid either as daily wage or as piece-rate. If wages

are paid on a piece-rate basis, the schedule of rates has to be such that a

person working for seven hours would normally earn the minimum

wage.

2.When will the wages be paid?Wages should be paid every week, or in any case 'not later than a

fortnight after the date on which such work was done'.

3.How are program functionaries accountable for whatthey do?

External and internal evaluators are continuously and concurrently

evaluating the Programmer. The authority to conduct social audit is

vested in Gram Sabah. A Village Level Monitoring committee is to be

set up by Gram Sabah to oversee each work. Moreover, any

contravention of the Act shall, on conviction, be liable to fine which

may extend to one thousand rupees. A Grievance Redressal Mechanism

should also be set up at the block, district and state level.

4.What wages will be paidThe laborers are entitled to the statutory minimum wage for agriculture

laborers in the State; until the Central Government notifies a minimum

wage rate, which in any case shall not be less than Rs. 60 per day.


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5.Initial positive trendsField Reports yield nascent evidence of:

a)Increase in Women workforce participation as compared to earlierWage Employment Programmer.

b)Impact on land productivity: (Second crop on SC/ST farms inChhattisgarh, MP, Rajasthan).

c)Increase in the workforces awareness of minimum wages and taskrates and increasingly confident articulation of it (MP,

Chhattisgarh, TN, Karnataka, and Maharashtra).

d)Wage earnings of work force in wage employment programmerincreasing (AP,TN, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand).

e)Wage negotiation capacity developing vies a vies privateemployment (Rajasthan, TN, Haryana).

f) Financial Inclusion: Savings accounts of wage earners inBanks/Post Offices in some States: AP (more than 20.00lakh Post

Office Accounts), Karnataka (entire Gulbarga NREG workforce

with Bank Accounts) , Jharkhand, TN.

g)Insurance of wage earners in some districts: Pakur, Gumla, Ranchi(Jharkhand).

h)Developing Literacy skills among wage earners (Karnataka,Raichur.

i) Distress Migration somewhat stemmed: Rajasthan, AP,Chhattisgarh.


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BIBLIOGRAPHY

www.google.com

www.encarta.com

Wikipedia

The national rural Employment guarantee act 2005 (nrega)

Operational guidelines 2008 (3rd edition)(Ministry of rural development Department of rural development

Government of India (New Delhi))

TRANSPARENCY AND PUBLIC ACCOUNTABILITYRULES[NATIONAL RURAL EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE ACT](M I N I S T R Y O F R U R A L D E V E L O P M E N T D E P A R T M E N T O F R U R A LD E V E L O P M E N T)

National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA)Guaranteeing the Right to Work
http://www.google.com/http://www.encarta.com/http://www.encarta.com/http://www.google.com/

Project on Narega

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